ORAL COM
• Communication is circular and
COMMUNICATION- latin “communicare”
-to share or to have
something in common; to join, share, receive or
divide with/out
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1 ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
• SPEAKER-> MESSAGE-> AUDIENCE
• One way process(no feedback)
• 3 settings: LEGAL, DELIBERATIVE,
CEREMONIAL
2 CLAUDE SHANNON AND WARREN WEAVER
(1948)
• NOISE
• Also called the TELEPHONE MODEL
3 WILBUR SCHRAMM
• Father of mass communication
• Communication can only take place if
there is an overlap between Field of
experience of the speaker and the
listener.
• FIELD OF EXPERIENCE- everything that
makes a person unique—everything
he/she has learned, watched, seen,
heard, read, and experienced. It is
everything a person have experienced.
4 EUGENE WHITE’S MODEL OF COM
continuous
• Cyclical model
• He contributed the concept of feedback
in communication.
• FEEDBACK- is the perception by the
speaker about the response of the
listener.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1 SPEAKER- chooses his/her purpose,
crafts the message accordingly, and
decides how to deliver it.
2 MESSAGE- what needs to be
delivered or imparted to somebody
else.
• The message is to be sent based on:
WHY, WHAT and HOW
3 LISTENER- receives the message.
• The LISTENERE is the one who makes
sense of what is said and reacts to it.
4 CHANNELS- are the means by which
the message is sent.
• FIVE CHANNELS: EARS, EYES, SKIN,
MOUTH, and NOSE
5 RESPONSE
• Is the only way the speaker knows that
the message has been received.
6 FEEDBACK- the result of monitoring
by the speaker of the listeners
response.
7 NOISE- any barrier to communication.
 PHYSICAL NOISE- actual noise(loud
music, etc)
PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISE- when body
becomes a hindrance to good
communication (headache, toothache
etc)
PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE- one is thinking
deeply about something or suffering
from emotional condition
8 COMMUNICATIVE SITUATION-
complex of circumstances
• The place where sending and receiving
happens
• 2 components:
PHYSICAL LOCATION- chosen for the
purpose it will serve.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SETTING- depends on
the participant.
SPEECH
• Is huma vocal communication using
language. Each language uses phonetic
combinations of vowel and consonant
sounds that form the sound of its
words.
4 TYPES OF SPEECH
• IMPROMPTU- derived from latin
“promere”—to bring forth;take out.
• Doing something without preparation
• MEMORIZED SPEECH- is when a
speaker commits an entire speech to
memory.
• MANUSCRIPT- speaker maintains their
attention on the printed page
• EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH- speech
spoken in a conversational manner
using brief notes.
NON-VERBAL
MISCOMMUNICATION
• 70% of communication is non-verbal
• Non-verbal is everything that
communicate except of word.
1 PARALANGUAGE- the how something
is said, not what is said; how of saying
something.
2 LANGUAGE OF FLOWER- the use of
flower based in the meaning of each
type of flower.
RED ROSES- in Hungary and Latvia for
funerals
LILIES- common gift for funerals
- In China- it symbolizes hundred years
of love and purity; for weddings
KALACHUCHI- state flower of Hawaii
CHRYSANTHEMUMS - Italy- for special
occasions
CACTUS - in Russia ( don't give to
unmarried girl in russia because they
believe that they will never get married
if they received one
3 LANGUAGE OF COLORS- use of color based in
the meaning of each color.
• Have certain meanings based on the
dictates of culture and gender.
• RED AND YELLOW- induce hunger
• BLACK- connotes elegance and power in
new York
4 LANGUANGE OF TIME(CHRONEMICS)- shows
how time is viewed differently in various
countries.
• The use of time based on position or
power.
5 LANGUANGE OF SPACE(PROXEMICS)
• The use of space to show importance
6 LANGUAGE OF TOUCH(HAPTICS)- the use of
touch to express what cannot be said
• One of the most powerful of the types
of Nonverbal communication.
7 POSTURE AND PERSONAL APPEARANCE- the
way one carries and dresses oneself
8 GESTURES- the most often used type of
nonverbal communication
➢ EMPHASIZING
 ➢ REGULATING
➢ ILLUSTRATING
➢ EMBLEMS
9 FACIAL EXPRESSIONS- the configuration of
eyes, eyebrows, lips, cheeks, nose, and
forehead to show how the person feels.
ICT
Digital Native is a person born or brought up
during the age of digital technology and
therefore familiar with computers and the
internet from an early age.
ICT- INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
• It deals with the use of different
communication technologies such as
mobile phones, internet and etc. to
locate, save, send, and edit information.
•Having a unified way to communicate is
one of the goals of ICT. We spend less
because of ICT.
WORLD WIDE WEB
• The world wide web, commonly
referred to as WWW, w3, or simply the
Web is an interconnected system of
public webpages accessible to the
internet.
• Its was invented Sir Tim bernes-Lee in
1989.
• Web pages are either be static or
dynamic.
WEB 1.0- Web page are static and not
interactive. You can’t post comments or create
an account
WEB 2.0- Capability of providing people the
means to collaborate and share information
online. Interactive and the user may be able to
comment or create an account
• Rich Folksonomy – It allows users to
categorize and classify/arrange
information freely chosen keyword
(tagging).
• Use tags that start with the pound sign
(#).
• Rich User Experience – content is
dynamic and is responsive to users
input.
• User participation – others are able to
place a content on their own by means
of comments, reviews and evaluation.
WEB 3.0- Also called as Semantic Web, means
ability of web to understand and interpret
human-generated content.
• The aim of web 3.0 is to have machines
understand the user’s preferences to be
able to deliver web content specifically
targeting the users.
• The internet is able to predict the best
possible answers to your question to
your question by “learning form your
previous choices”.
TRENDS IN ICT
1 CONVERGENCE- The Conbination of
two or more different entities of
technologies to create a new single
device.
2 SOCIAL MEDIA- It is a website,
application, or online channel that
enable users to create, co-create,
modify, and exchange uder-generated
content.
There are 6 types of social media:
1. Social Networks – allows you to connect
with other people.
ex. Facebook, Google+
2. Bookmarking Sites – allows users to store
and manage links to various websites and
resources
 ex. Pinterest
3. Social News – allows users to post their own
news items and links to other news sources.
ex. Reddit
4. Media Sharing – allow you to upload and
share media content like images, music, and
video.
ex. Youtube, Flickr, and Instagram
5. Microblogging – focus on short updates
from the user.
ex. Twitter
6. Blogs and Forums – allow users to post their
content.
ex. Blogger and WordPress
3 MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES- The popularity of
smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise
over the years. This is largely because of the
devices capability to do tasks that were
originally found in personal computers.
Different types of mobile operating systems:
1. iOS – used in Apple Devices such a
iPhone and iPad.
2. Andriod – an open source OS developed
by google.
Blackberry OS – used in blackberry devices.
4. Windows Phone OS – is proprietary
operating system developed by Microsoft.
5. Symbian – original for smartphones used by
Nokia devices.
6. WebOS – origanlly used for smartphones;
now used for smart TV’s.
7. Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft
for smartphones and pocket PCs.
4 ASSISTIVE MEDIA-It is a nonprofit service
designed to help people who have visual and
reading impairments. A database of audio
recordings is used to read to the user.
NETIQUETTE- short for “Network Etiquette” •
set of rules and guidelines about proper online
behavior
• Netiquette can be formal or informal
FORMAL NETIQUETTER- a strict set of rules
that are imposed by online groups like
message boards, chat rooms and social
media sites.
1 FOUL LANGUAGE- This is a common rule
in formal settings such as corporate and
academic websites. Like in real life, foul
language is frowned upon in such
environments.
2 SPAMMING- As we learned in the
previous chapter, a spam is an unwanted
and unsolicited message or email.
Spamming is banned in most chat rooms
and forums because it takes up a lot of
space and is annoying to other users.
3 BULLYING- Recently, a lot of attention has
been given to the act of bullying and how to
prevent it. Bullying is the use of strength or
power to intimidate someone into doing
something that he does not want or to
make him feel bad. Cyberbullying is bullying
that is done using electronic technology.
4 TROLLING- A troll is an unruly member
who deliberately breaks the rules of an
online community. The most common acts
of trolling include posting inappropriate or
banned contents, posting off topic
messages, and leaving sarcastic comments.
These actions are intended to disrupt the
normal operation of online communities.
5 SOCK PUPPETS- “Sock puppets” is the
term used to refer to multiple accounts that
are used by the same person. Trolls use
sock puppet accounts to pose as different
persons in order to advance their agendas.
6 FLAME WARS- Online discussions or
“threads” may get out of hand when the
users who disagree with each other start
 getting emotional. They may then post
insults or threats against each other. This
incident is called a “flame war” Flame wars
are harmful to online communities because
they cause a decline in the quality of the
topics that are being discussed. If allowed
to persist, this may destroy the integrity of
the group as a whole.
PLAGIARISM- using someone else’s work -
considered as a fraudulent act
• can be punishable by law.
PIRACY- reproducing and distributing materials
without the owner’s consent
Most common types of piracy: (UNESCO’s
World Anti-Piracy Observatory)
• Books
• book, school manual, journal article
etc.
• Music
• Bootlegging is the unauthorized recording
and distribution of a live or broadcast
performance.
• Counterfeiting is the “unauthorised
copying of the material support, labels,
artwork and packaging”
• Film
• Software]
COPYRIGHT- the legal right to own an original
work
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8293
• Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines (IP Code)
• 15 types of works that are covered by
copyright protection
• ipophil.gov.ph
INFORMAL NETIQUETTE- a lot like real-world
etiquette
• expected to be followed by everyone •
make social interaction pleasant for
everyone involved
• The Golden Rule
• Do unto others as you would have them
do unto you
• Act as you would in real life.
• Know where you are and act accordingly.
• Respect people’s privacy.
• Respect other people’s properties
WORD PROCESSING- Word Processing is a
software that allows users to create, edit, and
print documents for work, school, or pleasure.
• It is also known as a document
preparation System.
• You can add pictures, charts, and graphs
into your documents, change how the
letters look and check your spelling and
grammar.
WORD- example of word processing
software
DIFFERENT PARTS OF MICROSOFT WORD
1 QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR- By default, it
includes tha SAVE, UNDO, and REDO
command.
2 TITLE BAR- It is situated at the top and
middle of the document window and
displays the program or document name.
3 RIBBON-It contains multiple tabs, it have
an all of the commands you will need to
perform common tasks.
4 COMMAND GROUP-They organize related
commands; each group name appears
below the group of ribbon. For example,
group of commands related to fonts, etc.
 5 RULERS- Word has two rulers: one 7 COLUMNS- Vertical set of Cells.
HORIZONTAL and one VERTICAL. Horizontal
8 WORKSHEET TAB- The Sheet tab let you
used to set margins and tab stops. Vertical
switch between in a workbook by clicking the
used to determine position of elements on
appropriate tab
the page.

6 DOCUMENT AREA- the workspace FORMULA FOR SUM AND AVERAGE IN EXCEL

7 SCROLL BAR- Enables the user to scroll The SUM function adds values:
the content of a window. =SUM(A1:A20)
8 PAGE AND WORD COUNT- Enables the
The AVERAGE function return the average of
user to view number of pages and words those numbers:
that they input.
=AVERAGE(A1:A20)
9 DOCUMENT VIEW- This part of the
window allows you to choose and view your
document in READ MODE, PRINT LAYOUT,
OR WEB LAYOUT.

10 ZOOM CONTROL- Consists of slider that

you can slide left or right to zoom in or out.

SPREADSHEET-Is a computer software that can

capture, display and manipulate data arranged
in rows and columns.

• You can perform a multitude of

functions such as run calculations, make
lists and charts.

MICROSOFT EXCEL- example of spreadsheet

DIFFERENT PARTS OF MICROSOFT EXCEL

1 QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR- By default, it

includes tha SAVE, UNDO, and REDO
command.
2 RIBBON-It contains multiple tabs, it have
an all of the commands you will need to
perform common tasks.

3 NAME BOX- Displaying the active cell

name.

4 FORMULA BAR- Allows you to enter and

edit data in the worksheet.

5 CELL- the current active box

6 ROWS- Horizontal set of Cells.