What Is Carbon?

● An element: 6 protons, 6 neutrons

● The basis of life of earth

● Found in all earth systems

Carbon Cycle

● The same carbon atoms are used repeatedly

on earth. They cycle between the atmosphere,
hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere.
Processes that transfer carbon

● Main processes- Between earth systems

- Photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Decomposition/ Fossilisation
- Combustion (Burning)
Other processes
-Consumption
- Weathering (rocks break down and release carbon)
- Dissolve/Vaporize (Between ocean and atmosphere)
Carbon sink- Processes that remove
carbon from the atmosphere.

Carbon source- Processes release carbon

into the atmosphere.
Plants consume and release
Carbon Dioxide
● Plants pull carbon from the atmosphere
or hydrosphere and use it to make food
–— photosynthesis.
Animals consume and release
carbon
● When organisms eat (consume) plants
or other organisms, they take in the
carbon and some of it becomes part of
their own bodies.
● When they breath (respiration) they
release carbon.
Plants and Animal Die

● When plants and animals die, most of their

bodies are decomposed and carbon atoms are
returned to the atmosphere.

● Some are not decomposed fully and end up in

geosphere deposits underground (soil, oil,
coal, etc.) or at the bottom of ocean.
Natural combustion

● Forest and grass fires are a natural, required

part of the carbon cycle that release carbon
into the atmosphere and geosphere.
● Fire returns carbon to the soil and “cleans out”
unhealthy plants, allowing new plants to grow.
Carbon Slowly Returns to Atmosphere

●Carbon in rocks and underground deposits

is released very slowly into the
atmosphere.
●This process takes many years and is
usually caused by weathering.
Carbon in Oceans

● Oceans store large amounts of carbon.

● Largest exchange of carbon in carbon
cycle is the dissolving and vaporization
of carbon dioxide between the
atmosphere and ocean surface.
Oceans store carbon on
ocean floor.
Many animals pull carbon from water to
use in shells, etc. When these animals
die, the carbon substances are
deposited at the bottom of the ocean.
Carbon Cycle Diagram
Carbon in Atmosphere

Plants use
Decomposers carbon to make
break down dead food
things, releasing
carbon to
atmosphere and Plants and
soil animals die

Fossil fuels are

burned; carbon Animals eat
is returned to plants and
atmosphere take in carbon
Bodies not
(Unbalanced) decomposed —
after many years,
Carbon slowly become part of
released from oil or coal
these substances deposits
returns to
atmosphere
Balanced Carbon Cycle
Greenhouse Gases

These are gases in the earth’s atmosphere

that trap heat from the sun.

Examples of greenhouse gases- Methane,

carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, water
vapour, ozone, chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC-man-made).
Greenhouse gases are important because
they trap the heat that is necessary to
keep the earth warm in order to sustain
life.

The problem that we are having today in

our society is that too much of these gases
are present within the atmosphere, which
leads to global warming.
Global warming

Is the long-term heating of the Earth’s

surface causing a change in temperature,
due to human activities.
WHAT ARE SOME HUMAN
ACTIVITIES THAT CAUSES
GLOBAL WARMING?
Unbalanced Cycle - Human
Impact
● When humans burn fossil fuels, it releases a
tremendous amount of carbon into the
atmosphere over a very short time span.
● Increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere
increases global warming
● Deforestation is a type of human activity that
results in more carbon in the
atmosphere-Fewer plants mean less CO2
removed from atmosphere.
● Industrialisation
What is your carbon footprint?
● A carbon footprint is the amount of
carbon emitted into the atmosphere by
your personal, day-to-day activities.
● Examples: Type of car you drive, how far
you drive your car, how much electricity
you use (electricity primarily comes from
burning coal), where the food you buy is
grown and airplane flights.
● Why do we care?? GLOBAL WARMING
WHAT ARE SOME SOLUTIONS
TO SLOW DOWN THE RATE
OF CARBON IN THE
ATMOSPHERE?
Things you can do to reduce
carbon in the atmosphere
● Promote plant life, especially trees
● Buy a fuel efficient vehicle
● Purchase locally grown food
● Reduce electricity use
● Reduce how far/much you drive
● Take less airplane trips
● Reduce, Reuse, Recycle!