LAPORAN TUTORIAL

PEKAN 2

KELOMPOK 5 SEMESTER 3 :

J500210038 Mutiara Puas Santi Ketua

J500210056 Zahra Hayuna Fadhila Scriber
Anggota :

J500210007 Azka Tarisa Atmaja

J50021009 Salwa Ghaisani Syariifah Arifinnia
J500210075 Kusumasari Aulia Dana Putri
J500210085 Namira Aisya Devi
J500210129 Arsyal Wanda Faatiha
J500210134 Uthari Irawati
J500210137 Aprilia Intan Andarista
J500210171 Annisa Ratnamaya

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2022/2023
STEP 1
1. phagocytosis (Arsyal)
 defense mechanism carried out by phagocytic cell by disgesting foreign microbe
or particles → Azka
 activated phagocytes and destroy opsonized by bacteria by a process → Namira
2. parasitic infection (Arsyal)
 occurs when parasit enter the body trought contaminated food or drink, insect
bites, or direct or indirect contact with people with parasitic infection → Azka
3. interferon (Uthari)
 One types of cytokines →  Zahra
4. eradication (Uthari)
 extreamination of distrubbing organism → Salwa
5. enzyme (Anisa)
 types of protein and can found this in inside cells, can make chemical reaction in
the body → Uthari
6. microbes (Anisa)
 micro organism is living organism, has very small size, so we can observed it by
using microscope → Uthari
7. phagocytes (Namira)
 cell that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and
death or dying cell → Anisa
8. bacteria (Namira)
 freeliving organism often consisting of one biological cell → Anisa
9. opsonisation (Azka)
 one of immune process that use opsonin to tag foreign pathogen to elimination by
phagocytes → Arsyal
 makes bacteria and other cell to easily phagocytosis through opsonin action.
opsonin are substance that bind particule antigen by macrophage and neutrofil
such as opsonizing antibody and certain complement fragment → Namira
 the process when phatogen approach imun cell to make the phagocytosis proccess
easier → Zahra
10. MHC (Salwa)
 large lactose mucus on vertebre DNA containing of closely polimorfism genes
that could code for cell surface essential protein for adaptive immune system →
Aulia
11. viral infection (Salwa)
 infection caused by virus it can be by airbone, touching, tranfusion,
transplantation, and vector example insect → Intan
12. complement protein (Intan)
 system protein activated by antigen and antibody reaction, system complement is
very important to bacteriolysis →  Salwa
 system of plasma protein that can be activited by directly and indirectly →
Mutiara
 13. infection (Zahra)
 bacteria attack carried of pathogens from bodies → Salwa
14. cell-mediated response (Zahra)
 microbes primer that survive in phagocytes and microbes that infection non
paghocytes cell → Aulia
15. odynophagia (Mutiara)
 condition hurt to swallowing disorder can occurs in the esophagus caused
pathogen or infection → Arsyal
 Pain on swallowing foods and fluids → Zahra
16. erythematous (Mutiara)
 abnormal redness in skin or mucus membrane due to accumulation of blood in
dilated cappilar as in inflamation → Intan
STEP 2
1. how the human was suspect by infection probably a bacteria? (Mutiara)
2. why some bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibodies? (Salwa)
3. what is the difference 3 pathways of complement protein? (Salwa)
4. what is the rolled of antibodies againts pathogen? (Namira)
5. what is the process of phagocytosis?  (Arsyal)
6. what is the function phagocytosis to human body? (Arsyal)
7. what is the process of opsonisation? (Azka)
8. why does erythematous occured? (Azka)
9. what will happen if the phagocytosis process fails? (Anisa)
10. what is the difference between immune regulation againts bacteria and virus? (Zahra)
11. what are the 3 pathway that complement protein assist in killing bacteria? (Intan)
12. what are complementary protein that can fight bacteria when they enter the body?
(Uthari)
13. what region of the molecules involved in antibody function? (Uthari)
STEP 3
1. how the human was suspect by infection probably a bacteria? (Mutiara)
 bacterial infection occurs when bacteria enter the body increase in number and
gives some reaction in the body bacteria can entered such as a cut or surgical
would or through your airways and gives infection like bacteria pneumonia →
Aulia
 If he/she has one or more symptoms like cough, diarrhea, fever,fatigue, decrease
appetite, nausea, vomiting, sneeze → Uthari
2. why some bacteria cannot be detected by complement or antibodies? (Salwa)
3. what is the difference 3 pathways of complement protein? (Salwa)
 Alternative pathway activate complement C3, B
 Classical pathway activate complement C4, C2
 Lectin pathway activate C4, C2 → Zahra
4. what is the rolled of antibodies againts pathogen? (Namira)
 destroy or killing pathogen with netralization opsonisation and complement
system
 types antibodies have any function
  IgG(old infection), IgE(against allergi), IgM( new infection,activated cell
complement), IgA( respone for allergic, found in ASI), IgD( maturity for cell B,
indicate for serious illness → Arsyal & Intan
5. what is the process of phagocytosis? → (Arsyal)
 recognition of the target> attachment from phagocytes to the patogen, phagocytes
will surround bacteria and cover it with membrane, phatogen will surround
fagosom in cytoplasma, the patogen will be killed in fagosom with lisosom help,
the killing patogens is done by changing environtment
 signalling to activated the internalization machinery
 phagosom formation
 phagolisosom maturation, Answer by : Azka, Intan
6. what is the function phagocytosis to human body? (Arsyal)
 ingestion and elimination of phatogens, important of elimination apoptotic cells
and fundamental for tissue homeestasis → Azka
7. what is the process of opsonisation? (Azka)
 invading phatogens can be identified by specific antibodies
 so that the pathogen attach to the antibody
 pathogen will be covered with antibody> opsonisation
 the free Fc portion of antibody it known by as FCR on the surface of the
phagositic membrane
 occurs facilities phagocytes to kill phatogens → Namira
8. why does erythematous occured? (Azka)
 caused of hyperemia in superficial
 cappilary, herpes simplex B virus, microplasma pneumonia → Mutiara
9. what will happen if the phagocytosis process fails? (Anisa)
 there will be health problems example get infection → Uthari
10. what is the difference between immune regulation againts bacteria and virus? (Zahra)
11. what are the 3 pathway that complement protein assist in killing bacteria? (Intan)
 classical pathways which trigger directly by patogen/indirectly by antibody
binding to the patogen surface
 lectin pathways
 alternative pathways which also provides an amplification loop for the other two
pathways → Azka
 Namira → mechanism of activation protein complement to killing bacteria : 
 calling immune cells to come
 opsonisation or shrouding the patogen 
 kills patogen by perforating inside
12. what are complementary protein that can fight bacteria when they enter the body?
(Uthari)
 when bacteria enter the body they will killing or destroy with
histamin,IgA,phagocytes, Th cell → Salwa
13. what region of the molecules involved in antibody function? (Uthari)
 Phagocyte present the fragments on theirs surface via class II major
histocompability molecules (MHC class II) (Annisa)
STEP 4
 virus

bacteria
agent of infection
fungi

parasite
NK cell
innate
control of
dendritic cell
infection
infection defens adaptive
mechanism
viral infection
type of infection
parasitic infection

netralization

phagocytosis opsonisation

complement
activation

STEP 5
Learning Objective
1. Innate and adaptive immunity response to bacterial infection.
2. Innate and adaptive immunity response to viral infection.
3. Innate and adaptive immunity response to fungi infection.
4. Innate and adaptive immunity response to parasite infection.
5. The difference of immune response to the bacterial, viral, parasite, and fungi infection.
6. Mechanism of viral to escape from the immune system.
7. Kebesaran Allah tentang penciptaan pathogen.
8. Upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk meningkatkan immune system.
STEP 6
Belajar Mandiri
STEP 7