Professional Documents
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Review
Review
Review
remembered
📌Cognitive:
mental skills(knowledge)
📌Affective:
📌Psychomotor:
📌𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗚
C. Connect Knowledge
F. Demand quality
📌𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚
of setting
Blooms Taxonomy
locate, recognize
investigate
📌𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗔𝗫𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗠𝗬
Remembering - recalling
have learned
innovative way.
📌𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡:
✓Receiving -
is being aware of or sensitive to the existence of a certain ideas, material, or phenomena and being
willing to tolerate them.
✓Responding -
os committed in some small measure to the ideas l, materials, or phenomena involved by actively
responding to them.
Example: to comply with, to follow, to command, to volunteer, to spend leisure time in, to acclaim.
✓Valuing -
is willing to be perceived by others as valuing certain ideas, materials, or phenomena. Examples include:
to increase measured proficiency in, or relinquish, to subsidize, to support, to debate.
✓Organization -
is to relate the value to those already held and bring it into a harmonious and internally consistent
philosophy. Examples: to discuss, to theorize, to formulate, to balance, to examine.
✓Characterization-
by value or value set is to act consistently in accordance with the values he or she has internalized.
Examples: include: to revise, to require, to be rated high in the value, to avoid, to resist, to manage, to
resolve.
📌𝗣𝗦𝗬𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡:
✓Set - mental, physical, and emotional dispositions that make one respond in a certain way to a
situation.
✓Guided response - first attempts at a physical skill. trial and error coupled lead to better performance.
✓Mechanism - responses are habitual with a medium level of assurance and proficiency.
✓Complex Overt Response - complex movements are possible with a minimum of wasted effort and a
high level of assurance they will be successful.
📌Learning theories
PCSO
Pavlov - Classical
Skinner - Operant
📌𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗠
Two stimuli are linked together one Neutral + one Natural Response.
Adhesive Principle
Experimentation: 🐕
Unconditioned Stimulus:
Unconditioned Response:
Neutral Stimulus:
Conditioned Stimulus:
Experimentation: 🐀
✓Positive Reinforcement -
✓Negative reinforcement -
✓Positive Punishment -
✓Negative punishment -
( 𝗘𝗗𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗞𝗘)
RIP
Other law:
Law of Contiguity - recall of an activity which is frequently related with the previous one.
- may pinaggagayahan
4 steps;
1. Attention - focus
behaviour
4. Motivation - be motivated
Expirement: Rats
According to Tolman, in all learning some intelligence is atwork. It is the learner who actively
participates on the act of getting new experience. He organises his perceptions and observations and
gives meaning to them. He explains the theory of rats in teaching the goal through many trials as a result
of insight or making cognitive map of the maze.
📌𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗧
- advance organizer
- use of graphic organizer
Symbolic function
- Centration -
refers to the tendency of the chikd to only focus on one aspects of a thing or event and exclude other
aspects EXAMPLE:
when a child presented with two identical glasses with the same amount of water, the chikd will say
they have the same amount of water. however, once water from one of the glasses is transferred to an
obviously taller but narrower glass, the chikd migh say that there is more water in the taller glass.
Irreversibly-
Pre-operational children still have the inability to reverse their thinking. They can understand that 2+3 is
5, but cannot understand that 5-3 is 2.
Animism -
This is the tendency of children to attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects.
When at night, the child is asked, where the sun is, she will reply, "Mr. Sun is asleep."
Transductive reasoning -
This refers to the pre-operational child's type of reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive.
Example: since her mommy comes home everyday around six o'clock in the evening, when asked why it
is already night, the child will say, "because my mom is home".
Decentering -
This refers to the ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations.
This allows child to be more logical when dealing with concrete objects and situations.
Reversibility -
The child can now follow that certain operations can be done in reverse. For example, they can already
comprehend the cummutative property of addition, and that subtraction is the reverse of addition.
Conversation-
This is the ability to know that certain properties if objects like number. Mass, Volume, or area do not
change even if there is a change in appearance. Because of the development of the child's ability of
decentering and also reversibility, the concrete operational chikd can now judge rightly that the same as
when the water was shorter but wider glass.
Seriation -
This refers to the ability to order or arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight,
volume or size.
Thinking becomes more logical.can solve abstract problems and can hypothesis.
Hypothetical reasoning -
The ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weight data in order
to make final decisions or judgement.
(What if questions)
Analogical reasoning -
This is the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and then use that relationship to narrow
down possible answers in another similar situation or problem.
Deductive reasoning -
This is the ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation.
For example, all countries near the north pole. therefore, Greenland has cold temperatures
Schema-
Assimilation -
This is this is the process if fitting a new experience into an existing or previously created schema.
Accomodation-
Equilibrium -
"Cognitive disequilibrium"
📌Laws of Gestalt
Law of similarity -
Kapag kapareho
Symmetry order- brain will perceive ambiguous shapes in as simple a manner as possible for example, a
monochrome of the Olympic logo is seen as a series of overlapping circles rather than a collection of a
curved lines.
Law of proximity - refers to how close elements are to one another. The strongest proximity relationship
are those between overlapping subjects, but just grouping objects into a single area can have a strong
proximity effect.
Law of Continuity - posits that the human eye will follow the smoothest path when viewing lines,
regardless of how the lines were actually drawn
- sudden grasping of the solution, a lash of understanding, without any process of trial and error.
(Aha moment)
Believes that the whole is more important than the parts.so Learning takes place as a whole.
(small capacity).
(Short Duration)
Long term Memory - has an unlimited amount of space as it can store memories from a long time ago to
be retrieved at a later time.
1. Episodic Memory
- recalling episodes (events)
2. Semantic Memory
3. Procedural Memory
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