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Various Phases of Pakistan's Foreign Policy: A Review 1947-2016 (Urdu)

Article · March 2017

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Fazal Rabbi

National University of Modern Languages H-9 Islamabad Pakistan

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Abstract
A country foreign policy is not only the first line of its national defence,
but it also guarantees a nation rightful place in the international
community. It is always the product of interaction of many forces like
historical, ideological, economic, national interests and geo-political
situation that determine the country's outlook in the world affairs.
Pakistan foreign policy is no exception to such stated points. The
most important issues in Pakistan's foreign policy are security,
political independence, territorial integrity, sovereignty and social and
economic development etc. Keeping in mind these issues along with
its geo-strategic position, Pakistan has formulated its foreign policy
over the years, and has passed through stages during its development.
In the initial years of its independence, Pakistan followed an
independent policy with the objectives of friendship with all countries.
Then it played an important role in the cold war politics, and also
remained a strategic partner in the Afghan resistance movement. It
remained the most sanctioned country in the nineteen ninety and
then played a front line role in the global counter terrorism strategy.
This papers deals with various phases/ periods of Pakistan foreign
policy since its independence.
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58 {)6102YD7491Y( ^,Y qZ » zZg ŠZ ZÆ Œ0*zg{ Å yÎ0*

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1971cŠz ¹æ » yÎ0*~ Ë Æ TXðƒ (yxgŠ Æ ´˜VâzŠ

10Xc*Wt‚ ™½Z 6,gîÆ „ÿ c*g Š WiZ ÷Š@ ™ƒ Zå7EN ~

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Æ Œ0*zg{ Å zg Š Zk °Wë Å Z]Š¢†§ Xƒ °§',Ð Vñ FF6,KZ· ZzgZ : ZgZ

Š tâu VâzŠÿ å7Ñt ¦/CÙ » 2- e$zÎ Zzg M%Z a ÿ ÿVâzŠ yÎ0*ñƒ npg Ãæ

à Z]Š¢ b!*É XÇg ì‡6, zV ŠãCV7 ]©Ð Zzg ÿœaÿ zŠ ä yÎ0*ñƒ DCZ

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Û YÔZ ÿZ Ð b§ Ï ~XZ Š Xå H Zi0+Z Ãä VáÓ ÿ¦/Å yÎ0*ÃXÅÒÃ Å

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ð ‡´ ]Ô ©†§zŠ Xñƒ o¢ »° ~ V‡5 XZy K } zg Š Æ ´˜}uzŠ qZ Ð ]Ò ä

VîÉg Y¯ Zzg Ï( B‚ B‚ É B e$¾Ã ñgZ t· Z b!*yxgŠ Æ ´˜ VâzŠ sÜ: ~

Machine Translated by Google

6102YD ',ÆZ ï¢pz õg@*CE ga7102Y â

GL
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68

b§ XZk H Ì{Š¬Z » e$× KZ ä uc Y‚ ð‡´ ~Zzg Š WiZ Å yÎ0* ä uX;g

K~ŠãC» Œ0*ð¨Z !† Å u yÎ0*L oZzg ¢ qZ Ð Æ Ì gzZ Ï c yÎ0* Zzg H ZŠ

ZgZ Š™ ëZ ~ ¹F,Q Zzg Ùç Å yÎ0* Zzg âà ä u~ xªÆŦÊ Å yÎ0*X¯ Ì=

fg ëZ qZ » w”

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@ èa Xð ~W 4 ~ ]©Æ 2- e$zÎ yZzg Î0*~ á² ÏZ ðW Ï> ð•Z ~ ]©2- e$zÎ

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ë@*X¶ e$zÎ Zzg K } zg Š Æ jâ ä Zk ~ 1974 Zzg 1972X}™ 4 Ã ]© , XÅ

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g] ¸Du0*Å 1971 ZXƒ 6,yÎ0*B‚ Æ g] ¸

ä M%Z Ð zz ~ 1975 Zzg 1973Æ yë@*X¶ðÎ ~È0 *Å |#z Û z h+yÿÅ gzV

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Machine Translated by Google

78 _________________________
{)6102YD7491Y( ^,Y qZ » zZg ŠZ ZÆ Œ0*zg{ Å yÎ0*

XZzg 1 :zZ ~1977Ã |#z Û Å gzV p A-7Ã yÎ0*XÑ izgeZ 6,yÎ0*

~1977-78 Zzg H Øà ŠZæ ~Z ŠO ZzgZ |#z Û ¦ÃŠ Æ yÎ0*~1977-78

ä M% z{Z ´ Æ yÎ0*XÑï à x**Æ yÎ0*Ð } zg Š ð¨Z Æ R,g» gœ 6,

Zg~ ŠSnŠ Ð }@ç Zk Ã÷Z Û ~1978 yÿs! * Zzg Ñ eZ î!*Š Cg\ Ì6,÷Z
ä M%Z ~ 1979Ð zz Û Å Zx¤/z6,~CÙ Æ yÎ0*z{ ´ Æ XZk H g6
Ð zz Å T Å Ø|#z Û Å yâ‚ iz ‚ m Zzg ŠZæ ~ Z ŠO xZ Ó c yÎ0*

ŠãCÅ V ß ¼ ~1979Xðƒ Za Ï> ~ ]© yxgŠ Æ ´˜ VâzŠ ,Xc*° à ä•g\

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g] ¸ ÔðÕäE&N : zZ Ð º´ ~uu Z` ¯Z LZ ä ´˜ VâzŠ yÎ0* Zzg 1 :zZ )l6,V-
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6,gîÆ ³#ëZ Ã}uzŠ qZ ´˜ ~CÙ ~ 1974 ä g] ¸ Xìg Ãb‚z F,xÓ L ZZzgZ
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1974
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6102YD ',ÆZ ï¢pz õg@*CE ga7102Y â

GL
88
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m<!*´˜òsZ F ä yXÅ •ÿÑ ä VƒZ',uÆ ´˜›F~ T XX lí Å ä¯ o¢ à ]©

Cg\ Zzg K } zg Š Æ V2c*g š û°âà yÎ0*Ð T 5 µñ » ä™ x» ~

´˜Æ «z ¹æà VEÎ0*

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Å X}7,6,yÎ0* Z] W,Z ¦ÃŠ Zzg Ï( Ôð5Z' zggk Š Æ T XÅ ìZæ Y ÿ
e$zÎ Zzg Å e$× Å pp Zgg ŒÛ ',~Š g~ZzgWiZ UŠp Å otä LZ ä
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yÎ0*ä M% zgZyZ Š Æ X1891YD78 Å ª Ì ~qŸg Å ¶Š ° eZ t qZ
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Machine Translated by Google

98 {)6102YD7491Y( ^,Y qZ » zZg ŠZ ZÆ Œ0*zg{ Å yÎ0*

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Æ Z` ¯Z e$zÎ }~ yjîjZ ÿ Å ðZ‚Û Z ,j Å gzV »Ÿg Ð ´˜[² RŒÛ

Æ ´˜ VâzŠ XNY ƒ ï÷á ~ Š˜ ª q-' C×Z'× ãjZ sÜ B‚Æ yÎ0*ë@*;g
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]©B‚Æ u V‡Z

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Oh 30 YEAR
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6102YD ',ÆZ ï¢pz õg@*CE ga7102Y â

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Z]™Zè ä yÎ0*à b) °% ZzgZ Ï>B‚ Æ ñƒ

g] DV
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k,Š {Šc* zgi Š X1 Àä ]Ã%Z h+”Q
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gzŠ » ˆ Æ kB Šu Y2001DY1990:gzŠ Ù

ZX 7,*™* o‚ » b) ëZ Fà Œ0*zg{ Å yÎ0*~ }‚Æ1990

Machine Translated by Google

19
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{)6102YD7491Y( ^,Y qZ » zZg ŠZ ZÆ Œ0*zg{ Å yÎ0*

yjîj ÔZ Ï> g] ¸ u0*6,òX ]Ô © D™B‚ÆM%Z Ð ~ T

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Zzg ‰ 0 ú1 qZ 6,u+`ÿ' yj VZ ÅÑ á zZ gg 0+Z iÆ Zyd Ï( Æ yjîjZ ä

M% XZ ŠH@*ƒ sî Ì Zyd Ï( » yjîjZ

Machine Translated by Google

6102YD ',ÆZ ï¢pz õg@*CE ga7102Y â

29
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+@W ±) Xc*Š hg Ëà yÎ0*É XÅ 7Šæ ðà ŠyÎ0*Ì~ å c*š c kB yjZ ä

M%Z à XX¸ ì g{g ~ V¸´ ©D Æ yÎ0* {ç a Æ Y‚ Å yÎ0*~ ˆ H 7nzÈ Ì ð »Ã

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M% XZ å [ } Š yZzg Î0*~ ð;Š Æ 1990 a XZk X Ìlà Šäà yv ÐZ

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k45¾ GIX
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39
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{)6102YD7491Y( ^,Y qZ » zZg ŠZ ZÆ

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1. Government of Pakistan, Foreign Office Year Book 2012-2013 (Islamabad:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2013), p. ix.
2. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, Pakistan's Defence Policy 1947-58 (London: Macmillan Press,
1990), pp. 28-32.
3. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, "Pakistan's Foreign policy: An overview 1947-2004."
PILDAT Briefing Paper. Lahore: Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and
Transparency, 2004, p. 11.
4. Rais Ahmad Khan, ed., In Search of Peace and Security: Forty Years of Pakistan-United
States Relations (Karachi: Royal Book Company, 1990), p. 31.

5. S. M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring, Pakistan Foreign Policy: An Historical

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Analysis (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1994), pp. 164-170.

6. S. M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring, 201-218. For detail see Abdul Sattar, Pakistan
Foreign Policy 1947-2005: A Concise History (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2007),
pp. 53-66.
7. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, pp. 155.
8. Mohammad Ayub Khan, Friends not Masters: A Political Autobiography
(Islamabad: Mr. Books, 2006), pp. 164-166.
9. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, pp. 14-1
10. Rias Ahmad Khan, pp. 43-45.
11. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, p. 17.
12. Omer Farooq Zain, Zufi Bhutto's Foreign Policy: Vocalization for self-reliance and vivification
of integrity", Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 32, no. 2 (2012), pp. 429-430.

13. Ibid, 131-133. See also Abdul Sattar, p. 145-1

14. AZ Hilali, The US-Pakistan Relationship: The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan (USA:
Ashgate Publisher, 2005), pp. 141-162. 118-130.
15. Hasan-Askari Rizvi, p. 19-2
16. Abdul Sattar, p. 225-2 See also Tehmina Mahmood, "The Pressler Amendment and
Pakistan's Security Concerns," Pakistan Horizon, vol. 47, no. 4 (October 1994), pp.
101-1
17. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, "Black laws for Kashmiris", The News, March 30,
2002.

18. Naseem Ahmed, "Pakistan Taliban Policy 1994-1999", The Dialogue vii,
no. 1 (January-March 2002): pp. 82-95.
19. For detail see Fazal Rabbi, "U.S.-led War on Terrorism and its Repercussions for Pakistan,"
Pakistan Journal of History and Culture xxxiii, no. 2 (July-December 2012): pp. 71-90

20. Ibid, 81-82. See also Kamal Matinuddin, "Post 9/11 Afghanistan", South
Asia Journal Issue 3 (January-March 2004), pp. 108.
21. Khurshid Mehmood Kasuri, "Pakistan's Foreign Policy", Pakistan Horizon
vol. 58, no. 3 (July 2005), p. 48. 50.
22. Rashid Ahmed Khan, "P akistan and China: Cooperation in counter-terrorism", http://
issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/13794792 13_96964375.pdf (accessed
25.3.2016).

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