The Internet

Internet
• Inter = international
• Net = network
• a global collection of interconnected networks - a
network of networks
• “Mother of All Network”, “Cyber Village”, “Virtual
Community”

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Networks
LAN
• equipment + resources
• facilitate access, transfer and
distribution of data and
information
• low cost high-speed data
transfer
• office building, warehouse,
campus, or any other facility
WAN
• a bigger network = 2 or more
interconnected LANs
• global companies/ agencies
with common databases and
information sharing needs

Internet: a network of networks

accessible to anyone connected to an Internet Service
Provider (ISP) with a PC, a modem and a telephone line.

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Client/Server Paradigm
• servers + client-PCs/users: various uses
• TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol and
Internet Protocol
• common standard by which computers of different
types and brands are able to communicate with one
another
• TCP = break down data + transmit in packets
• IP = routing information to destination/s

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Internet Applications
• access to a vast load of information
• Communications
• Commerce
• Forum for discussions, opinions
• Venue for collaboration
• Social networking
• www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/introinternet.htm

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Basic Internet Services
• Electronic mail or e-mail, Blog
• Newsgroups, Bulletin Boards, Forum, Special
Interest Groups
• Mailing Lists, Discussion Groups, Social Networks
• Remote Logins
• Search Engines
• World Wide Web: multimedia information via
hypertext
• Commerce/Trading

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Brief History
• U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Project
Agency (DoD ARPA): ARPANET as military communication
system
• 1970’s: universities - email, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and
other services
• 1983: TCP/IP as standard protocol
• Domain Naming System (DNS): IP addresses = common
names

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Brief History
• 1986: NFSnet linked five (5) supercomputers with
backbone speed of 56kbps (universities sharing
resources)
• superior processing power
• 1984-1988: hosts (servers) rose from 1,000 to 60,000;
bandwidth increased to T1 (1.544 Mbps)
• more and more countries joining
• ARPANET folded up in 1990
• NFSnet + many new networks: became the Internet of
the ‘90s
• Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) for commercial
use of Internet
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Brief History
• Today: over 1 billion users worldwide (Dec. 2005)
• 15.7% of the world's population
• over 200 countries
• increasing exponentially (182% from 2000-2005)

Once the sole province of the military, research

institutions and universities, it is now available to
anyone who wants it.

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Internet Architecture
• IP Addressing (dotted quad)
• to identify hosts
• 140.186.81.6 = two parts: network 140.186, host PC
81.6
• PC1.1 (140.186.81.6) and PC1.2 (140.186.2.3) = same
network
• router needed for 2 PCs from different networks to talk
e.g. PC1.1 to communicate with PC2.1 (140.185.1.1)

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Internet Architecture
• Domain Naming System
• user-friendly naming
scheme (lettered IP address
system)
• domain name server
• zones: organizational and
geographic
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• 3-letter zones = organization,
2-letter zones = country
edu – educational institution
mil – military
gov – government
net – network
com – commercial
org – organization
Hardware/Software Requirements
• Computer
• Modem for dial-up connections
• Telephone line, leased line, cellular/cable/satellite
networks
• Some software – browser, email client/app, ftp, etc.

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Internet Service Providers (ISP)
• a company that
provides Internet
connection services to
the general public to
the Internet
• any online system that
has direct Internet
connection and
provides access to it

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Levels of Internet Access
Direct Broadband
Connection – Connection – high-
leasing fiber optic speed “always on” multi-
cable or similar signal connection, small
transmission to medium-sized
media organizations
Dedicated (cable, DSL, satellite)
Leased-Line
Connection – Dial-up Connection –
by large most common form
organization; entire of connection;
LAN connected to ISDN: high-speed dial-
the Internet up + digital phone

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Ways to Connect to the Internet
● Telephone line • Cell Phone with built-in
● Ethernet modem type adapters
• dial-up or through GPRS,
● Wi-Fi Wireless special data cable,
● Bluetooth Wireless infrared ports, or
Bluetooth
● special device (e.g.
Blackberry, Treo,
combination cell
phone/PDAs)

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Comparative Performance
A file that takes 1 hour to download via a 56K dial-up
connection will take about 26 minutes with an ISDN
line, between 2.2 and 13 minutes over a cable
connection, and between 2.2 and 26 minutes over a
DSL connection would take.
- CompuKiss.com

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Web Browsing
• fastest growing Internet service
• GUI, supports hypertexting
• Uniform Resource Locator or URL
http://www.howstuffworks.com/computers/internet-infrastructure.htm

Transmission Domain or Location File Name of the

Protocol Server Name: to within the Web page:
connect to the server actual name of
host server the HTML file
machine or
computer where
the data is stored

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Web Browser

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Web Browser

• Back • Home
• Forward • History
• Reload/Refresh • Bookmark/Favorites
• Stop Manager
• Address Box • Preferences
• Search

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Portal & Search Engine

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Search Engine
• Google, yahoo, lycos, etc.
• www.calgaryeducation.org/tutorials/googlesearch.htm
• Number of results, next page
• Search tips for more specific/focused searches
• htm link vs. pdf link (open/save)
• evaluating a site (appropriateness, reliability, validity)

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Web Browser
• Portal • download/upload
• Search Engine • eCommerce
• query via index servers to • PodCasts
access relevant document
servers • research
• tips • application / file downloads
• Email • Chat, Instant Messaging (IM)
• webmail • Educational Resources
• POP3 email client • Online Learning / Distance Education
• Blog • Online competitions
• Collaborative work • Gaming, Entertainment resources
• Groupware, eGroup
• Discussion Forum
Learning How to Use the Internet Step-by-Step:
www.bbc.co.uk/websie/course
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email
• Models:
• Webmail (e.g. Yahoo mail, gmail, Hotmail): must be
online to the server housing your mailbox to access and
manage your mail.
• POP3 email client (e.g. Mozilla Thunderbird, MS
Outlook): must be online to the server only to
download your mail, after that, go offline to read, reply
and manage the local mail storage; need to go online
again to send

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e-mail address
name_of_user@domain_name_of_computer

• Your online identity!

• Mailbox name or username - should not contain
commas, spaces and parentheses
• @ (at sign)
• Address or hostname – domains and sub-
domains separated by “.”

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Yahoo Email Account
1.Go to mail.yahoo.com
2.“Sign up now”.
3.succeeding page: “Sign Up for Yahoo! Mail”
4.Fill out the entire form, use the Tab key or the mouse
• Check validity Yahoo ID.
• Security word.
• “Submit This Form”.
5.confirmation page: “Continue to Yahoo Mail”
6.start using your new, free Yahoo email account

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e-mail
• Parts • Services:
1. header • Receive
• Addressee (To:) • Compose
• Carbon Copy (CC:)
• Blind Carbon Copy (BCC:) • Send
• Title of Message (Subject:) • Reply / Reply to All
Sender (From:)
•
• Forward
2. body - plain text files or as • Junk Mail / Spam
html file
• Address Book/Contacts
3. signature (optional)
• Calendar
4. attachment/s
• Message Management

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Other useful online services
• Blog (blogger, blogspot)
• Teacher / Education Portals (e.g. EdNA.edu.au, tsof.edu.au, teach-
nology.com)
• Online Resources / Libraries (e.g. iSchools WebBoard, elib.gov.ph,
skoool, EMC online, google videos)
• Discussion Forum (Teachers.Net)
• Social Networks (e.g. Friendster, Links)
• Real-time Communications (YM, Skype)
• Online Learning Content Management Systems (e.g. Manhattan
Virtual Classroom, Nuvvo, moodle)
• Wiki, Groups (e.g. Yahoo Groups)

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Educational Applications
• Scavenger Hunt
• Online Treasure Hunt
• WebQuest
• Teacher / Student Blogs / Portfolios
• School / Class / Student Websites
• Content Management System
• Learning Management System

We need to be critical about the quality of

information available on the Internet!

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Online Scavenger / Knowledge Hunt
• to introduce students to using search engines
(limited choices provided) to find information on
the Internet
• practice problem solving, improve their reading
and comprehension skills, and learn how to
search the Internet

Worth visiting:
• http://www.education-world.com/a_lesson/TM/WS_invent_hunt2.shtml
• http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/pges/projects/around.htm

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Online Treasure Hunt
• Parts: (from McGraw-Hill online)
1. Introduction on the topic and the exercise
2. Set of questions about the topic
– 5-7 questions to serve as foundation for the BIG question
– avoid “what is” and “yes/no” questions; more “thinking/processing”
questions
3. Web Resource Bank: pre-screened for quality for applicability –
randomly arranged
4. A final, evaluative “BIG” question for students to synthesize
(using HOTS) the information and develop it into a broad
understanding of the topic – product to be assessed

Worth visiting:
• http://www.mohonasen.org/dmslib/great_wall.htm
• http://education.csm.edu/Camp04/bjizba/technology/treasurehunt.htm

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WebQuest Components
• Introduction of activity to the students; role or scenario
• Task: end-result or culminating project
• Process: steps to go through to accomplish the task +
online resources + scaffolding
• Evaluation of performance be evaluated, scoring rubric
• Conclusion: summarizes what the learners will have
accomplished + additional opportunities to extend student
thinking

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WebQuest
• Process:
1. class learns some common background knowledge
2. divide into groups
3. in the groups: each student given a particular role,
task, or perspective to master (become experts on
one aspect of a topic)
4. roles come together for students to synthesize their
learning by completing a summarizing act
– e.g. e-mailing congressional representatives or
presenting their interpretation to real world experts
on the topic

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WebQuest
Worth visiting:
• A WebQuest about Evaluating Websites:
http://mciunix.mciu.k12.pa.us/%7Espjvweb/evalwebstu.html
• http://www.ldcsb.on.ca/schools/cfe/WebQuests/Gifted/intro.htm
• http://www.gecdsb.on.ca/d&g/cia/choices.htm
• http://www.ats.edu.mx/personales/rocio/Math/index.htm

• Spend some time going over the various sites

listed on your manual
• refer to the manual for a sample Rubric for
Evaluating WebQuests

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