Stoichiometry

This booklet contains:

Chemical Formulae
Chemical Equations
Ar and Mr
Moles
Concentration
Gas Volumes
All Equation Summary
Practice Exam Style Questions
 Formulae
The formulae of ionic Two easy ways to
compounds can be worked work out the
by balancing the charges formulae.
on the ions to make them
overall equal to zero. For more complex
ions, brackets go
round the whole
ion.

Question 1 Answer
What is the formula for the
following:
a) Magnesium Oxide
b) Calcium Sulfide
c) Lithium Fluoride
d) Sodium Bromide
e) Copper Oxide
f) Silver Chloride

Question 2 Answer
What is the formula for the
following:
a) Magnesium Chloride
b) Calcium Bromide
c) Aluminium Oxide
d) Copper Fluoride
e) Lithium Oxide
f) Sodium Nitride

Question 3 Answer
What is the formula for the
following:
a) Magnesium Sulfate
b) Calcium Carbonate
c) Aluminium Nitrate
d) Copper Hydroxide
e) Lithium Sulfate
f) Sodium Carbonate
Formulae Helpsheet
The formulae of ionic compounds can be
worked by balancing the charges on the
ions to make them overall equal to zero.

Question 1 Help
Group 3
Common ions:
= +3 Group 7
Group 1
= -3
= +1
Group 6
Group 2
= -2
= +2

Question 2 Help
The overall charge must equal
zero.

An easy way to think about it is

to swap the charges into
subscript numbers.

Question 3 Help
Common ions: For more complex ions, brackets go round the whole ion.
 Equations
Equations show what happens during a reaction. State symbols are used to show if
things are solids (s), liquids (l), gases (g) or aqueous (aq).

Reactants are on the left of the arrow, product on the right. The number of atoms
of each element on each side should be equal.

Question 1
Add in the state symbols to the following equations:

Answers

Question 2
Balance the following equations:
Answers
Equations Helpsheet
Equations show what happens during a reaction. State symbols are used to show if
things are solids (s), liquids (l), gases (g) or aqueous (aq).

Reactants are on the left of the arrow, product on the right. The number of atoms
of each element on each side should be equal.

Question 1
Add in the state symbols to the following equations:

Common gases include hydrogen, oxygen, methane and carbon dioxide.

Water is a liquid.

Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are dissolved in water.

Question 2
Use the grid to count the number of atoms on each side

on the on the
right side left side

Mg

O
 Ar and Mr
Use the Periodic table to calculate Ar or Mr - look at the
mass number.
23 16
Na Larger
number
O
11 8

Question 1
Fill in the gaps to finish the definitions of Ar and Mr.

Answer
Relative …………………….. mass (Ar) is the ………………..
mass of naturally occurring atoms of an element on
a scale where the C-12 atom has a mass of exactly
……….. .
Relative …………………….. mass (Mr) is the sum of the
relative atomic atomic masses. Relative ………………..
mass (Mr) is used for ionic compounds.

Question 2
What is the Ar or Mr for the following?
Answer a)
a) b)
b) c)
c) d)
d) e)
e) f)
f) g)
g)
 Mass

Moles Mr moles

Remember moles is just Avogadro’s number of particles.

Fill in the missing word to rearrange the equations:

moles = ………… / ………….. And mass = …………. x ……………

Question 1
Calculate the number of moles in the following:

a) 23g of sodium Answers a)

b) 14g of nitrogen gas b)

c) 36g of water c)

Question 2
Calculate the mass in the following:

a) 0.1 moles of NaCl Answers a)

b) 10 moles of
hydrogen gas b)
c) 0.2 moles of MgO
c)
 Concentration Moles

Solute Concentration tells you how much solute has

been dissolved in a particular volume. conc volume
Solvent
Fill in the missing word to rearrange the equations:

concentration = ………… / ………….. units =

moles = …………. x …………. units =
volume = ………… / ………….. units =
Remember:
Question 1
Calculate the concentration of the following:

a) 4 moles of NaCl
dissolved in 100 ml of
Answers a)
water
b)
b) 1 mole of HCl dissolved
in 50 ml of water
c)
c) 2 grams of NaOH
dissolved in 10 ml of water

Remember:
Question 2
Calculate the number of moles in the following:

a) 50 ml of 2M NaOH
Answers a)
b) 25 ml of 0.5M HCl
b)
c) 10 ml of 4M LiCl

c)
 Gas Volumes volume
3
Remember any 1 mole of gas takes up 24dm
24 moles
Fill in the missing word to rearrange the equations:

moles = ………… / ………….. Volume = …………. x ……………

Question 1
Calculate the volume of the following:

a) 3 moles of oxygen Answers a)

gas
b)
b) 14g of nitrogen gas
c)
c) 36g of steam

Question 2
Calculate the volume of hydrogen produced when 2 moles of
hydrochloric acid reacts with excess magnesium. Follow the steps below:

Answers
 Gas Volumes Helpsheet
3
Remember any 1 mole of gas takes up 24dm
volume
Fill in the missing word to rearrange the equations:

moles = ………… / ………….. Volume = …………. x …………… 24 moles

Question 1 Help
Calculate the volume of the following:

a) 3 moles of oxygen For questions b and c you need to

gas remember both equations:

b) 14g of nitrogen gas volume = 24 x moles

and
c) 36g of steam moles = mass / Mr

Question 2 Help
Calculate the volume of hydrogen produced when 2 moles of
hydrochloric acid reacts with excess magnesium. Follow the steps below:

For step 1 - read

Answers the question
carefully

For step 2 - look at

the ratio in the
equation 2:1
 All Equations
Fill in the equation triangles and then write out each possible equation.

Equation 1 What are the equations to find…

What is the equation triangle that
links moles, mass and Mr?
moles =

mass =

Mr =

Equation 2 What are the equations to find…

What is the equation triangle that
links moles of gas and volume of gas?
moles =

volume =

Equation 3 What are the equations to find…

What is the equation triangle that concentration =
links moles, volume and
concentration?

moles =

volume =
Equation 4 What are the equations to find…
What is the equation triangle that links concentration =
mass, volume and concentration?

mass =

volume =

Conversions What are the following in cubic dm?

You can convert between volumes
multiplying or dividing by 1000:

Units What are the units of…

Remember you mass =
sometimes get a
mark for writing
out the units of moles =
your answer.

volume =

concentration =

concentration =
 Exam Style Questions
Question 1
Use the steps below to calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced
when 2 moles of calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid:

Answers
 Exam Style Questions
Question 2
Use the steps below to calculate the volume of carbon dioxide gas produced
when 5 moles of calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition? Then
calculate the mass of calcium oxide produced.

Answers
 Exam Style Questions
Question 3
Use the steps to calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid that 20ml of
completely neutralises 15 ml of 1M sodium hydroxide.

Answers