Confidentiality: 3/ CLIENT INFORMATION

Code: GD051045-en Rev: 1.1

FINAL USER DOCUMENTATION Date: 19/07/18 Page 1 of 7

Approval Electronic: PDM

process: Flow
Type of Documentation: Title:
Product GEOTECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION Author: JLANCHO/MCARROZA
Deliverable: REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN OF WIND Revised: DCM
S13 TURBINE FOUNDATIONS Approved: ISL
The present document, its content, its annexes and/or amendments (the “Document”) has been drawn up by SIEMENS GAMESA RENEWABLE ENEGY (“SGRE”) for information
purposes only, and contains private and confidential information regarding SGRE and its subsidiaries (the “Company”), directed exclusively to its addressee. Therefore it must not
be disclosed, published or distributed, partially or totally, without the prior written consent of SGRE, and in any case expressly indicating the fact that SGRE is the owner of all the
intellectual property. All the content of the Document, whether it is texts, images, brands, trademarks, combination of colours or any other element, its structure and design, the
selection and way of presenting the information, are protected by intellectual and industrial property rights owned by SGRE, that the addressee of the Document must respect. In
particular (notwithstanding the general confidentiality obligation), the addressee shall not reproduce (except for private use), copy, transform, distribute or publish to any other
third party, any of the information, totally or partially.

CONTENTS
1. AIM .............................................................................................................................................2
2. SCOPE .........................................................................................................................................2
3. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................2
4. INPUT FOR THE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTANCY ...........................................................................2
5. OUTPUT FROM THE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTANCY .....................................................................2
5.1. GEOTECHNICAL PLANNING...................................................................................................2
5.2. GEOTECHNICAL REPORT .......................................................................................................3
5.3. VALIDATION OF THE GEOTECHNICAL REPORT PRIOR TO BUILD ........................................3
6. SURVEY DEPTH...........................................................................................................................3
7. FIELD TESTS REQUIRED.............................................................................................................4
8. LABORATORY TESTS REQUIRED ................................................................................................5
9. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL LAYERS..................................................................................5
10. OTHER NECESSARY INFORMATION ...........................................................................................6
11. SEISMIC RISK STUDY OF THE SITE............................................................................................6
12. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOUNDATION RECOMMENDED ......................................................7

RECORD OF CHANGES
Rev. Date Author Description
0 17/07/08 ESB Initial version
Different structure for the document
JLANCHO / Methodology included (inputs and outputs for the geologist)
1 07/05/12
MCARROZA Definition of the necessary tests to be performed
More detailed definition of the information required
1.1 19/07/18 SGRE Adaptation to the SGRE name and corporate identity

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 Confidentiality: 3/ CLIENT INFORMATION
Code: GD051045-en Rev: 1.1
FINAL USER DOCUMENTATION
Date: 19/07/18 Page 2 of 7
GEOTECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE
Title:
FOUNDATIONS

1. AIM
This document establishes the requirements to be fulfilled by geotechnical reports to be considered valid for
the design and construction of foundations for SGRE wind turbines.

2. SCOPE
This procedure is applicable to every foundation for SGRE wind turbines.

3. ACRONYMS AND DEFINITIONS

SGRE: SGRE.
GTD: SGRE Technology Department
Petitioner: company that commissions the geotechnical report from a geological consultancy, usually the SGRE
client.
RQD: Rock Quality Designation.
ISRM: International Society for Rock Mechanics.

4. INPUT FOR THE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTANCY

The following information shall be provided by the petitioner to the geological consultancy for every wind farm
where SGRE wind turbines will be installed:
• Name and location of the Wind Farm.
• Number of wind turbines.
• UTM coordinates of the wind turbine positions.
• Rough foundation dimension expected.

5. OUTPUT FROM THE GEOLOGICAL CONSULTANCY

The following deliverables shall be submitted by the petitioner to SGRE:
• Geotechnical Planning.
• Geotechnical Report.
• Validation of the Geotechnical Report.

5.1. GEOTECHNICAL PLANNING

This deliverable shall include:
• Input data received according to Section 4.
• Geological study of the site area.
• Zoning map of the area by type of terrain.

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GEOTECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE
Title:
FOUNDATIONS

• Possible geological risks (landslides, Karst phenomena, soil expansivity, collapse, aggressiveness
to concrete, etc.) to be detected.
• Detailed definition about the field tests to be performed (number, name, location, depth, etc.).
See field tests required in Section 7. Outstandingly, some deviation against the specifications
included in Section 7 could be validated by GTD, provided that the Geotechnical Planning
includes an appropriate justification about it.
• Detailed definition about the laboratory tests to be performed. See laboratory tests required in
Section 8. Outstandingly, some deviation against the specifications included in Section 8 could be
validated by GTD, provided that the Geotechnical Planning includes an appropriate justification
about it.

5.2. GEOTECHNICAL REPORT

Once the Geotechnical Planning, see Section 5.1, is approved by GTD, the Geotechnical Report shall be
submitted by the petitioner to SGRE.
This deliverable shall include:
• The Geotechnical Planning previously approved by GTD.
• Site layout plans, with the position of field tests indicated as precisely as possible.
• Depth of the ground water table and any foreseeable variations for each site.
• Results of the field tests performed.
• Results of the laboratory tests performed.
• Photographs of the details of the site of most interest.
• Characteristics of the soil layers. See Section 9.
• Other necessary information. See Section 10.
• Analysis of the geological risks detected (landslides, Karst phenomena, soil expansivity, collapse,
aggressiveness to concrete, etc.).
• Seismic risk study of the site. See Section 11.
• Characteristics of the foundation recommended. See Section 12.

5.3. VALIDATION OF THE GEOTECHNICAL REPORT PRIOR TO BUILD

While the excavation for the foundation is being completed and before the pouring of the lean concrete, the
petitioner shall submit to SGRE a report prepared by a geologist in which the validity of the data and
information contained in the Geotechnical Report for each wind turbine position is confirmed.
The geologist preparing this report should preferably be the person who performed the Geotechnical Report,
based on which the foundations for each position were designed. In the event of differences with the
Geotechnical Report, GTD shall study these differences before the foundations are built and will validate the
initial solution or propose a new solution, where required.

6. SURVEY DEPTH
This survey depth of the ground must be such that at least a ground level is reached below which no
significant settlement occurs under the design loads:

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 Confidentiality: 3/ CLIENT INFORMATION
Code: GD051045-en Rev: 1.1
FINAL USER DOCUMENTATION
Date: 19/07/18 Page 4 of 7
GEOTECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE
Title:
FOUNDATIONS

• In case of shallow foundation, this required depth must be at least 2 times the side or the
diameter of the foundation from the recommended foundation support level. As a reference,
where the diameter of a circular footing is equal to 18 meters, the survey should reach 36
meters in depth. Only in the event of rock is found, the drilling may be considered complete
when 8 meters in depth of healthy rock (weathering grade I-II) has been perforated or the
geologist guarantees, by means of seismic refraction tests performed, that the geotechnical
properties of the rock underneath are equal to or better than those found in a sufficient
thickness.
• For pile foundation, the survey depth should reach a minimum of 6 diameters below the pile
base.
• Furthermore, in the case of seismic acceleration of at least 0.08g, the Geotechnical Report must
include the seismic behavior (kind of soil according to the shear wave velocity) of the different
strata to a depth of at least 30 m and any other relevant information required by local
earthquake resistance regulations.

7. FIELD TESTS REQUIRED

At least the following field tests shall be performed in case of granular soil:
• 2 boreholes per wind turbine position.
• Extraction of samples for the laboratory trials.
• SPT (Standard Penetration Test) every 1.5 meters in depth inside the boreholes. As an
alternative, 2 DPSH (Dynamic Probing Super Heavy) penetrations per wind turbine position may
be performed instead of the SPT. Other kinds of penetrations are not allowed.
• Pressuremeters inside the boreholes in case of pile foundations.
• Observation wells inside the boreholes for the detection of the water table and its variations.
At least the following field tests shall be performed in case of cohesive soil:
• 2 boreholes per wind turbine position.
• Extraction of samples for the laboratory trials.
• 2 CPT or CPTu (Cone Penetration Test) per wind turbine position.
• Pressuremeters inside the boreholes in case of pile foundations.
• Observation wells inside the boreholes for the detection of the water table and its variations.
At least the following field tests shall be performed in case of rocky soil:
• 2 boreholes per wind turbine position.
• Extraction of samples for the laboratory trials.
• RQD value.
• Grade of weathering according to the IRMS Classification.
• Fracturing rate according to IRMS recommendations.
• Observation wells inside the boreholes for the detection of the water table and its variations.
In addition:
• Electrical tomography tests shall be performed where caves could be found (Karst soils, mines,
etc.).

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GEOTECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE
Title:
FOUNDATIONS

• Seismic tomography tests, Cross-hole tests or Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW)
tests shall be performed where seismic acceleration is not lower than 0.08g.

8. LABORATORY TESTS REQUIRED

At least the following laboratory tests shall be performed for every soil layer (granular or cohesive):
• Grading (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Atterberg’s limits (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Density (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Natural water content (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Triaxial (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Chemical analysis of soil. Aggressiveness of the soil to concrete:
- Sulfate ion.
- Acidity Baumann-Gully.
Additionally, in case of cohesive soil:
• Simple compressive strength (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Oedometric (2 tests per wind turbine position).
At least the following laboratory tests shall be performed, for every rocky layer:
• Identification and description (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Natural water content and absorption (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Density and porosity (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Simple compressive strength of rock samples (2 tests per wind turbine position).
• Triaxial of rock samples (2 tests per wind turbine position).
At least the following water analysis shall be carried out. Aggressiveness of the water to concrete:
• pH.
• CO2.
• Ammonium ion.
• Magnesium ion.
• Sulfate ion.
• Dry residue.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOIL LAYERS

The geotechnical report must at least include the following parameters for each wind turbine position and
every layer. All the parameters shall be obtained from the tests indicated in Section 7 and Section 8. Equations
used should be showed.
• Layer thickness.

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Date: 19/07/18 Page 6 of 7
GEOTECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE
Title:
FOUNDATIONS

• Description and classification (including the level of weathering for rocks and the level of
expansivity in clay, etc.).
• Atterberg’s limits.
• Density.
• Angle of internal friction.
• Cohesion.
• Young’s modulus.
• Shear modulus.
• Poisson’s ratio.
• Simple compressive strength (only for cohesive layers).
• Undrained shear strength.
• Drained shear strength.

10. OTHER NECESSARY INFORMATION

In case of shallow foundation:
• Acceptable pressure. Method used and values inserted in the equations shall be clearly showed.
The safety factor used shall be according to the local regulation and it shall not be less than 2.0.
• Vertical subgrade modulus to be considered for the interaction soil-foundation.
In case of pile foundation:
• Unitary base resistance and unitary shaft resistance of each stratum (in the case of pile
foundation). Method used and values inserted in the equations shall be clearly showed. The
safety factors used shall be according to the local regulation and they shall not be less than:
- γshaft ≥ 2.25 and γbase ≥ 2.25 for the compressive ground resistance.
- γshaft ≥ 2.4 for the tensile ground resistance.
• Horizontal capacity (in the case of pile foundation). Method used and values inserted in the
equations shall be clearly showed. The safety factor used shall be according to the local
regulation and it shall not be less than 2.25.
• Horizontal stiffness for each layer.

11. SEISMIC RISK STUDY OF THE SITE

At least the following information shall be included:
• The level of seismicity in the area, according to local regulations.
• The mathematic equations defining the seismic design spectrum according to frequency or
vibration period.
• Values of variables for which the design spectrum provided is defined and their impact on the
equations provided. Variables are considered the type of soil according to the shear wave
velocity, the period of recurrence, etc., along with those associated to the structure, such as
damping, importance factor of the structure and ductility parameters, etc.

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 Confidentiality: 3/ CLIENT INFORMATION
Code: GD051045-en Rev: 1.1
FINAL USER DOCUMENTATION
Date: 19/07/18 Page 7 of 7
GEOTECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN OF WIND TURBINE
Title:
FOUNDATIONS

• Effects caused by earthquake (liquefaction, landslides, etc.).

• Recommended measures to be taken.

12. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FOUNDATION RECOMMENDED

The Geotechnical Report must recommend the most appropriate type of foundations and the foundation
support level, a suitable excavation procedure and, where applicable, the most appropriate type of pile in line
with constructive reasoning. Parameters described in Section 10 shall appear in the mentioned
recommendation of foundation.
It must also include the following information:
• An estimate of total and foreseeable differential settlement, along with the acceptable settlement
for the type of structure planned.
• The aggressiveness of the ground and of the water it contains must be quantified for
classification purposes in order to establish the appropriate measurements.
• Any geotechnical problems that may arise in view of the results of the work carried out, bearing
in mind the characteristics of the structure for which the foundations are required. Where the
ground requires improvement for the application of shallow foundations, the improvements to be
applied must be indicated for each position.
• Special measures to be taken.
• Detailed comments by the technician responsible.

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