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PRACTICAL 1 YOGURT New
PRACTICAL 1 YOGURT New
PRACTICAL 1 YOGURT New
PRACTICAL 1: YOGHURT
INTRODUCTION
The process of yoghurt-making is an ancient craft. It combines both “art” and “science”
together. The micro-organisms and their enzymes, i.e. the yoghurt starter cultures, play an
important role during the production of yoghurt. The transformation in the image of yoghurt
from strictly a health food to one that has been promoted as “fun to eat dessert”, with various
flavorings and aroma additives, has been a phenomenal one. Milk should have a low bacterial
count and substances which may impede the development of the yoghurt culture. According
to FAO/ WHO code and principles, the minimum milk SNF should be 8.2 per cent. An
increase
in the total solids content, particularly the proportion of casein and whey protein, results in a
firmer yoghurt coagulum, and the tendency to whey separation is reduced. Stabilizers may be
used for increasing the viscosity and prevention of whey separation in the fruit yoghurt. The
amount of a stabilizer varies with the type of the stabilizer. The stability and consistency of
the yoghurt are improved by the homogenization of milk. The firmness of the gel increases
with increasing homogenization pressure, if all the milk is treated. Sweeteners, in the form of
sucrose or glucose, can be added to fruit yoghurt. The fruit contains about 50 per cent sugar
and normally makes up for the entire sugar content. Small quantities of sweeteners can also
be added in the production of natural yoghurt.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this practical is to introduce the various processing steps involves in yoghurt
production. Also, to observe the textural properties of yoghurt produce using different
formulations.
Animal Products (ASH10202)
Date of Experiment: 7/11/2022
Lab Report Submission: 14/11/2022
Starter culture (plain yogurt or yogurt starter), carrageenan, gelatine, pasteurizer, plastic
container, homogenizer, incubator, and refrigerator
INGREDIENTS
Starter culture 2g
Starter culture 2g
Starter culture 2g
Starter culture 2g
PROCEDURE
On the next day at 9 am, transfer the yoghurt from incubator to a chiller (+4°C) and at 2 pm,
perform analysis: % syneresis and pH
Animal Products (ASH10202)
Date of Experiment: 7/11/2022
Lab Report Submission: 14/11/2022
Syneresis analysis
Calculation:
pH analysis
Place pH probes in sample, gently stirring the sample with the probes for about 15 seconds to
remove air bubbles
Continue measurement for 1 minute for yogurt samples until pH readings are stable
Syneresis % A
Control F
Control S
pH A
Control F
Control S
DISCUSSION
2. Discuss the differences and similarities the observation in the formulations. State the
reasons.