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    This document summarizes key concepts from a quantum mechanics course: 1) It provides the uncertainty principle formula Δp Δx ≥ ħ and uses it to calculate the minimum momentum and kinetic energy required to confine an electron within an atomic nucleus, finding the binding energy would be too high. 2) It applies the uncertainty principle to derive the energy formula for a particle confined to a region of size L, as E2 = ħ2/L2c2 + m2c4. 3) It explains that the Bohr model violates the uncertainty principle by assuming exact knowledge of both momentum and position, though the model still accurately predicts minimum atomic radii when only considering Coulombic forces.

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    This document summarizes key concepts from a quantum mechanics course: 1) It provides the uncertainty principle formula Δp Δx ≥ ħ and uses it to calculate the minimum momentum and kinetic energy required to confine an electron within an atomic nucleus, finding the binding energy would be too high. 2) It applies the uncertainty principle to derive the energy formula for a particle confined to a region of size L, as E2 = ħ2/L2c2 + m2c4. 3) It explains that the Bohr model violates the uncertainty principle by assuming exact knowledge of both momentum and position, though the model still accurately predicts minimum atomic radii when only considering Coulombic forces.

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    2 views1 page

    Q 41

    Uploaded by

    Sahil Soni
    This document summarizes key concepts from a quantum mechanics course: 1) It provides the uncertainty principle formula Δp Δx ≥ ħ and uses it to calculate the minimum momentum and kinetic energy required to confine an electron within an atomic nucleus, finding the binding energy would be too high. 2) It applies the uncertainty principle to derive the energy formula for a particle confined to a region of size L, as E2 = ħ2/L2c2 + m2c4. 3) It explains that the Bohr model violates the uncertainty principle by assuming exact knowledge of both momentum and position, though the model still accurately predicts minimum atomic radii when only considering Coulombic forces.

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    PH 105 – Quantum Mechanics

    Rohit Giri
    41)
    (a) Δp = [ <p2>]1/2
    Δp. Δx ≥ ħ
    <p2> = [ħ/ Δx]2
    For Δx = 10-14
    <p2> = 1.11 x 10-40
    E2 = <p2>c2 + m2 c4
    For an electron
    E = 20 MeV
    KE = E - mc2 = 19.5 MeV

    For a proton E= 950 MeV and KE = 10 MeV

    The Binding Energy required to confine the electron within the nucleus would be too high.

    (b) Δp. Δx ≥ ħ
    <p2> = [ħ/ Δx]2 with Δx = L
    E2 = <p2>c2 + m2c4 = ħ2/ L2 c2 + m2 c4
    KE = E - mc2 = [ħ2/ L2 c2 + m2 c4]1/2 - mc2

    (c) The Bohr Model violates the uncertainty principle , since the angular momentum
    quantization assumes that we simultaneously know the momentum and the position with
    complete certainty .
    L = rp= n ħ
    This is in clear violation of the uncertainty principle.
    Overlooking this aspect and simply taking into account the Coulombic interaction,
    KE = <p2>/2m = ħ2/2mr2
    E = ħ2/2mr2 - Ze2/4πϵ0r
    Differentiate and set the derivative = 0.
    - ħ2/mr3 + Ze2 /4πϵ0r2 = 0
    Rmin = 4πϵ0 ħ2/m Ze2 = 0.53 Å
    This matches the actual value observed. This validates the uncertainty principle but not the
    Bohr model as explained before.

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