that they be extraspecifically
LESSON 1
What is Art?
▪ Art is creation itself.
▪ Artifacts and performances are
entities, not art.
▪ Art is also called as “ENTITIES”
▪ It is an expression of ideas,
feelings, and imaginations of the
artist.
▪ Entities are not required to be
made by human being.
▪ Hindi kailangang maganda ang
entities, sometimes they are for
ceremonial purposes only, or to do
their function.
CONSTRAINTS OF
DEFINITION OF ARTS:
Entities (artifacts or performan-
ces) intentionally endowed by their
makers with a significant degree of
aesthetic interest, often greatly surpa-
ssing that of most everyday objects,
first appeared hundreds of thousands
of years ago and exist in virtually
every known human culture (Davies
2012).
Such entities are partially
comprehensible to cultural outsiders;
they are neither opaque nor comple-
tely transparent
Such entities sometimes have
non-aesthetic, ceremonial or religious
or propagandistic functions, and
sometimes do not.
Such entities might concei-
vably be produced by non-human
species, terrestrial or otherwise; and it
seems at least in principle possible
recognizable as such.
Traditionally, artworks are
intentionally endowed by their makers
with properties, often sensory, having
a significant degree of aesthetic
interest, usually surpassing that of
most everyday objects.
Art’s normative dimension the
high value placed on making and
consuming art appears to be essential
to it, and artworks can have
considerable moral and political as
well as aesthetic power.
The arts are always changing,
just as the rest of culture is as artists
experiment creatively, new genres,
art-forms, and styles develop;
standards of taste and sensibilities
evolve; understandings of aesthetic
properties, aesthetic experience, and
the nature of art evolve.
AESTHETIC
▪ It simply refers to something that
is “BEAUTIFUL”
▪ Beauty or aesthetic defines
something that differs from the
rest.
▪ Beauty is culturally defined
“OUR CULTURE
REVOLVES, SO AS ARTS”
DEFINITIONS OF ART FROM THE
HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY:
According to PLATO:
➢ Plato holds in the Republic and
elsewhere that the arts are
 representational, or mimetic
(sometimes translated “imitative”).
Artworks are ontologically
dependent on, imitations of, and
therefore inferior to, ordinary
physical objects.
➢ Art is an ordinary physical object.
➢ ART diminishes the reality. (the
mind of the people)
➢ The reality can only exist in the
people’s mind. It starts and ends
with the mind.
➢ What is the meaning of Plato's
allegory of the cave? Plato uses
the cave as a symbolic
representation of how human
beings live in the world,
contrasting reality versus our
interpretation of it.
➢ Reality is the entirety, not just a
part of it.
According to ARISTOTLE:
➢ Art itself is an entire new reality
created by the person called the
“ARTIST”.
➢ Art creates the reality on the mind
of the people.
➢ Art is the creation of something.
The creation process starts and
ends in the mind. It doesn't require
to have a physical product.
➢ Pag naisip mo pa lang, it is already
considered as an ARTWORK.
ARTIST
➢ It refers to the person that come
up with the idea. (Siya mismo ang
nakaisip ng ideya)
ELEMENTS OF ARTS:
1. LINE
- It refers to the distance between two
points.
TYPES OF LINES:
➢ Horizontal Lines – softness or
calmness (peacefulness)
➢ Vertical Lines – sturdiness or
hardness
➢ Diagonal Lines – tend to show
movements
2. SHAPES
- Occur when two ends of a line met;
outline in a two dimensional plane.
TYPES OF SHAPES:
➢ Geometric Shapes – can be
measured or mathematically
categorized. (e.g polygons)
➢ Organic Shapes – irregular,
cannot be measured or
categorized; usually found in
nature.
3. FORM
- Shapes in three dimensional figures
(3D)
4. VALUE
- Intensity of brightness or light of
something. (Darkness is the absence
of light)
5. SPACE
- It is the distance of elements
between each other.
6. COLOR
- Hue is the pureness of a color (e.g
gaano ka-pink ang bulaklak?)
A. Primary Colors (Yellow, Red, Blue)
B. Secondary Colors (Green, Orange,
Violet)
C. Tertiary Colors (Blue-Green,
Yellow-Green, Red-Orange, Red-
Violet, Blue-Violet, and Yellow-
Orange)
7. TEXTURE
- It refers to tactile experience of
something.
THE THREE COMPONENTS
OF ARTS:
1. SUBJECT (What is drawn)
- The subject of visual art can be a
person, an object, a theme, or an idea.
Though there are many and varied
ways of presenting the subject matter,
it is only important to the degree that
the artist is motivated by it
TYPES OF SUBJECT:
a. Objective images – which
represent people or objects,
look as close as possible to
their real-world counterparts
and can be clearly identified.
These types of images are also
called representational.
✓ recognizable or
representational
b. Abstraction – Artists who
explore the process of
abstraction (simplification and
rearrangement) create images
that look less like the object on
which they are based, although
they may still be recognizable.
✓ non-representational,
unrecognizable; look less
than the real object
2. FORM (manner)
➢ Form refers to the total overall
arrangement or organization of an
artwork. It results from using the
elements of art, giving them order
and meaning through principles of
organization. When studying a
work's form, we are analyzing how
the piece was created. More
specifically, we are examing why
the artist made certain choices
and how those choices interact to
form the artwork's final apperan-
ce. In this sense, the word form
may actually be thought of as a
verb rather than a noun.
3. CONTENT (emotion)
➢ The emotional or intellectual
message of a work of art is
its content - a statement,
expression, or mood developed by
the artist and interpreted by the
observer.
LESSON 2
Art, Man and Society
Humanities
➢ Humanism-Humanitas-Humas
Humanity
➢ Branch of Learning
Misconceptions on the
Terms
It should not be confused with the
terms:
1. Humanism - Specific philosophical
belief
2. Humanitariarism - Charitable
works
Arts and Science
1. Art: Skills
2. Science: Process
3 Social Science: Man as the focus.
Humanities VS. Philosophy
Comparison:
Humanities: Creating Subject
Philosophy: Inquiring Subject
Contrast:
Humanities: Extension of being
Philosophy: Implicit understanding
of self
Art: Concept or Fact?
Art is either a concept or a fact.
As a concept, it is subject to be under-
stood and be grasped by any percei-
ver. Furthermore, it cannot be defined
because it springs from the ideas and
emotions of man concretized by
means of any sensuous material.
But art as a fact is observable;
is that which is known through the
senses. It refers then to any creative
work of an artist that can easily be
described upon noticing the different
mediums being used and the context
in which it is produced.
Art and Experience
Persons Affected by Art
Experience:
1. The person of the artist.
2. The person of the percipient.
Characteristics of Experience:
1. It must be personal and individual.
It must not exactly be the same as
that of any other person.
2. Experience is accompanied by
emotion or emotional reaction. You
like it or you do not like it.
The Use of Natural
Objects in Works of Art
There are some artists who
would use the natural objects as they
are without changing them in levying
or carrying their art work. Take for
example, a landscape. Artists charged
with the task of landscaping would
have to use the stones and other
natural materials without even
deforming their shape, form and
organization. This is the principle of
nontransformation.
Under the principle of transfor-
mation, the artists have the necessari-
ly alter the natural objects in carrying
their art work because by so doing the
idea of the artist, the purpose of the
art, and circumstances surrounding
the art can properly be served.
General Classes of Arts
The three general classes of artifacts
include the following:
1. Practically useful, but not
disinterestedly pleasing
(subjectively pleasing)
2. Both practically useful and
disinterestedly pleasing
(not subjectively
pleasing); and
3. Not practically useful, but
disinterestedly pleasing
(not subjectively pleasing).
Natural Objects VS.
Artifacts
1. Works of art can express ideas or
feelings, but nature cannot.
2. Works of art - like sentences, but
unlike natural objects can mean
something. This point can perhaps be
better put another way: works of art,
like sentences, but unlike natural
objects, can embody communicative
intentions.
Take for example, reading a poem.
Through it, we are presumably
entitled to ask, "What is trying to
say?" We are certainly not entitled to
ask such a question after looking at a
waterfall or a cloud.
3. Works of art can imitate nature
(and can be applauded for doing so),
but nature cannot imitate nature).
Characteristics of Art
Works
1. They are man-made;
2. They are universal;
3. They are united;
4. They are diversified;
5. They are expressive;
6. They are creative; and
7. They are beautiful.
Resemblance Theory in
Artwork
This theory would mean that
work of art may closely resemblance
nature, but it can never duplicate
nature in as much as it is only man-
made. The photographic art is
somewhat closest to this theory. The
pictures or photographs you'll get are
somewhat similar to the original
specimen but even then, they are only
the records of the subject or a scene.
LESSON 3
Why do we make Art?
1. The Personal Need to Create
Many works of art come out of
a personal decision to put a feeling,
idea, concept or visual form.
Since feelings vary widely, the
resulting art takes a wide range of
forms. This approach to art comes
from the individual’s delight in the
experience. Doodling comes to mind
as one very basic example of such
delight.
Artworks can be created thus
as a means of exploring one’s own
experience, a way of bringing hidden
emotions to the surface so that they
may be recognized and understood
more clearly. The term for this
process is catharsis.
✓ People do art because they have
the need to express themselves.
✓ Catharsis – a state of mind where
the opposite becomes the superior;
your hidden emotion comes into
surface; a sudden change of emotion.
2. Communal Needs and Purposes
Communities maintain stability
is in the production of works of art
that identify common values and
experiences within that community
and thus bring people together.
A convention is an agreed
upon way of thinking, speaking, or
acting in a social context. There are
many kinds of conventions, including
visual conventions. A good example
in visual art would be a conventional
sense of direction.
✓ Primarily, yung hinihingi ng
society natin.
✓ Convention – agreed upon way of
thinking, speaking, or acting in a
social context. (e.g., pagmamano sa
mga matatanda)
✓ Asians: left to center; we are more
focused on the left side.
The term “icon” comes from the
Greek word eikon, or “to be like,” and
refers to an image or likeness that is
used as a guide to religious worship.
The holy figures depicted in icons are
thought by believers to have special
powers of healing or other positive
influence. An icon can also be a person
or thing that symbolically represents a
quality or virtue.
✓ Icons – things crafted for religious
purposes; they represent something
(e.g., holy cross)
Gina Gibney: Giving power
to others
Gina Gibney is the artistic
director of the New York-based Gina
Gibney Dance Company, which was
founded in 1991 to serve a dual
mission: to create and perform
contemporary choreography that
draws upon the strength and insights
of women and men, and to enrich and
reshape lives through programs that
give voice to communities in need,
especially survivors of domestic abuse
and individuals living with HIV/AIDS.
I make art for a few reasons. In
life, we experience so much fragmen-
tation of thought and feeling. For me,
creating art brings things back
together.
✓ Fragmented (means broken)
experience - When your digital
experiences contrast with each other,
it is not a good thing.
✓ Fragmentation - Art is the com-
Bination of things giving a wholesome
experience.
Judy Dater: I like expressing
emotions
Judy Dater has been making
photographs for more than 40 years,
and is considered one of America’s
foremost photographers. The recipi-
ent of a Guggenheim and many other
awards, her books include Imogen
Cunningham: A Portrait, Women and
Other Visions, Body and Soul and
Cycles.
I like expressing emotions—to
have others feel what it is I’m feeling
when I’m photographing people.
✓ It’s not about capturing the
emotion of the subject but of the
artist.
Pete Docter: It’s fun making
things
Pete Docter has been involved
in Pixar Studio’s most popular and
seminal animated features, including
Toy Story, A Bug’s Life, Cars, and
Wall-E, but he is best known as the
director of the Academy-Award-
winning Monsters, Inc. Docter is
currently directing Up, set for release
in May of 2009.
I make art primarily because I
enjoy the process. It’s fun making
things.
And I’m sure there is also that
universal desire to connect with other
people in some way, to tell them
about myself or my experiences. What
I really look for in a project is some
thing that resonates with life as I see
it, and speaks to our experiences as
humans. That probably sounds pretty
highfalutin’ coming from someone
who makes cartoons, but I think all
the directors at Pixar feel the same
way. We want to entertain people, not
only in the vacuous, escapist sense
(though to be sure, there’s a lot of that
in our movies too), but in a way that
resonates with the audience as being
truthful about life—some deeper
emotional experience that they
recognize in their own existence. On
the surface, our films are about toys,
monsters, fish, or robots; at a
foundational level they’re about very
universal things: our own struggles
with mortality, loss, and defining who
we are in the world.
✓ I do art because its fun doing it
Harrell Fletcher: Anything
anyone calls art is art
Harrell Fletcher teaches in the
art department at Portland State
University. He has exhibited at the
San Francisco Museum of Modern
Art, the Berkeley Art Museum,
Socrates Sculpture Park in New York,
and in numerous other museums and
galleries around the world. In 2002,
Fletcher started Learning To Love
You More, a participatory website
with Miranda July, which they turned
into a book, published in 2007.
Fletcher is the recipient of the 2005
Alpert Award in Visual Arts.
The question of why I make art
needs to be broken down a bit before
I can answer.
First of all, what is art? The
definition for art that I have come up
with, which seems to work best for
me, is that anything anyone calls art is
art. This comes from my belief that
there is nothing intrinsic about art. We
cannot do a chemical analysis to
determine if something is art or not.
Instead, I feel like calling something
“art” is really just a subjective way of
indicating value—which could be
aesthetic, cultural, monetary, and so
on.
✓ The concept of art is very vague.
✓ “What is art?” cannot be
answered.
James Sturm: The reasons
are unimportant
James Sturm is a cartoonist
and co-founder of the Center for
Cartoon Studies in White River
Junction, Vermont. He is the author of
the best-selling and award-winning
graphic novel The Golem’s Mighty
Swing, chosen as the Best Graphic
Novel of 2000 by Time magazine. In
2007, his trilogy of historical graphic
novels was collected in a volume
entitled James Sturm’s America: God,
Gold, and Golems.
I like the question “Why Do
You Make Art?” because it assumes
what I do is art. A flattering
assumption. The question also takes
me back to my freshman year of
college, where such questions like
“What is nature?” and “Is reality a
wave or a circle?” were earnestly
debated (usually late at night and after
smoking too much weed).
Twenty-five years later I’d like
to think I am a little more clear-
headed regarding this question.
Perhaps the only insight I’ve gained is
the knowledge that I have no idea
and, secondly, the reasons are
unimportant. Depending on my mood,
on any given day, I could attribute
making art to a high-minded impulse
to connect with others or to
understand the world or a narcissistic
coping mechanism or a desire to be
famous or therapy or as my religious
discipline or to provide a sense of
control or a desire to surrender
control, etc.
✓ Kung bakit ginawa ang art ay hindi
mahalaga, dahil marecognize lang na
art yung ginagawa mo ay
nakakaflutter na)
✓ Combination of things.
✓ Reason is unimportant.
FUNCTIONAL VS. NON-
FUNCTIONAL ART
Broadly speaking, all arts have
function. We create because we have
a particular need for art.
Art can be categorized into
functional and non-functional art.
FUNCTIONAL ART
➢ Directly Useful
➢ Architecture, weaving, furniture-
making, industrial design, etc.
➢ e.g. National Museum of Art in
Manila and Bentwood Chair
NON-FUNCTIONAL ART
➢ Indirectly Useful
➢ Painting, sculpture, literature,
music, theater, etc.
➢ e.g. Spoliarium (1884), Venus de
Milo (130-100 BC)
NON-MOTIVATED
FUNCTIONS OF ART
The non-motivated purposes of
art are those that are integral to being
human, transcend the individual, or
do not fulfill a specific external pur-
pose. In this sense, art, as creativity, is
something humans must do by their
very nature (i.e., no other species
creates art), and is therefore beyond
utility.
✓ We do art for ourselves, not
having a need for motivation.
Basic human instinct for
harmony, balance, rhythm
Art at this level is not an action
or an object, but an internal apprecia-
tion of balance and harmony (beauty),
and therefore an aspect of being
human beyond utility.
➢ Paggawa ng bagay na maganda
Experience of the mysterious
Art provides a way to experie-
nce one’s self in relation to the unive-
rse. This experience may often come
unmotivated, as one appreciates art,
music or poetry.
➢ Bigla mo na lang naaappreciate
ang mga bagay sa paligid mo nang
walang dahilan, or bigla ka na lang
naiirita sa mga bagay bagay nang
walang dahilan
Expression of the imagination
Art provides a means to exp-
ress the imagination in nongrammatic
ways that are not tied to the formality
of spoken or written language. Unlike
words, which come in sequences and
each of which have a definite meaning
art provides a range of forms, symbols
and ideas with meanings that are
malleable.
➢ Dapat ito ay malaya, wala kang
sinusundan o pinagbabasehan.
➢ Imagination is not definite, it is
MALLEABLE (may iba’t iba tayong
definition of our imagination)
Ritualistic and symbolic functions
In many cultures, art is used in
rituals, performances and dances as a
decoration or symbol. While these
often have no specific utilitarian
(motivated) purpose, anthropologists
know that they often serve a purpose
at the level of meaning within a parti-
cular culture. This meaning is not fur-
nished by any one individual, but is
often the result of many generations
of change, and of a cosmological
relationship within the culture.
➢ Pakikisama sa mga ganitong
bagay, ay mayroong intrinsic
socialization at nagkakaroon ng
fulfillment.
MOTIVATED FUNCTIONS
OF ART
Motivated purposes of art refer
to intentional, conscious actions on
the part of the artists or creator. These
may be to bring about political change
to comment on an aspect of society,
to convey a specific emotion or mood,
to address personal psychology, to
illustrate another discipline, to (with
commercial arts) to sell a product, or
simply as a form of communication.
➢ We do art because we have
reasons.
Communication
Art, at its simplest, is a form of
communication. As most forms of
communication have an intent or goal
directed toward another individual,
this is a motivated purpose.
Illustrative arts such as
scientific illustration, are a form of art
as communication. Maps are another
example. However, the content need
not be scientific. Emotions, moods
and feelings are also communicated
through art.
➢ May intent or goal directed toward
another individual. (May
communicative power)
Art as entertainment
Art may seek to bring about a
particular emotion or mood, for the
purpose of relaxing or entertaining the
viewer. This is often the function of
the art industries of Motion Pictures
and Video Games.
➢ Good example ay mga artista. We
do art to entertain other people.
The Avante-Garde
(Art for political change)
One of the defining functions
of early 20th century art has been to
use visual images to bring about
political change. Art movements that
had this goal—Dadaism, Surrealism,
Russian constructivism, and Abstract
Expressionism, among others—are
collectively referred to as the avante-
garde arts.
➢ To foster change sa isang lugar,
especially in the aspect of politics
(push through political change).
Art as a “free zone”
Removed from the action of
the social censure. Unlike the avant-
garde movements, which wanted to
erase cultural differences in order to
produce new universal values,
contemporary art has enhanced its
tolerance towards cultural differences
as well as its critical and liberating
functions (social inquiry, activism,
subversion, deconstruction…),
becoming a more open place for
research and experimentation.
➢ People create art to removed
action of the social “censure” which
means expression of a severe
disapproval.
Art for social inquiry, subversion,
and/or anarchy
While similar to art for political
change, subversive or deconstructivist
art may seek to question aspects of
society without any specific political
goal. In this case, the function of art
may be simply to criticize some
aspect of society.
➢ The artist is not aiming for political
change, but merely to inform the
public of what is going on.
Art for social causes
Art can be used to raise aware-
ness for a large variety of causes. A
number of art activities were aimed at
raising awareness of autism, cancer,
human trafficking, and a variety of
other topics, such as ocean conserva-
tion, human rights in Darfur, murder
and missing Aboriginal women, elder
abuse, and pollution. Trashion, using
trash to make fashion, practiced by
artists such as Marina DeBris is one
example of using art to raise
awareness about pollution.
➢ Creating art because they want to
support a marginalized sector to
provide money for them.
Art for psychological and healing
purposes
Art is also used by art thera-
pists, psychotherapists and clinical
psychologists as art therapy. The
Diagnostic Drawing Series, for ex. is
used to determine the personality and
emotional functioning of a patient.
The end product is not the principal
goal in this case, but rather a process
of healing, through creative acts, is
sought. The resultant piece of artwork
may also offer insight into the troubles
experienced by the subject and may
suggest suitable approaches to be
used in more conventional forms of
psychiatric therapy.
➢ One of the most crucial. Art in
general is a medium to express what
we really feel.
➢ Drawing – means to exhaust inner
emotions.
Art for propaganda or
commercialism
Art is often utilized as a form of
propaganda, and thus can be used to
subtly influence popular conceptions
or mood. In a similar way, art that
tries to sell a product also influences
mood and emotion. In both cases, the
purpose of art here is to subtly
manipulate the viewer into particular
emotional or psychological response
toward a particular idea or object.
➢ We do art to influece popular
conceptions or mood.
 Art as a fitness indicator
It has been argued that the
ability of the human brain by far
exceeds what was needed for survival
in the ancestral environment.
One evolutionary psychology
explanation for this is that the human
brain and associated traits (such as
artistic ability and creativity) are the
human equivalent of the peacock’s
tail. The purpose of the male
peacock’s extravagant tail has been
argued to be to attract females.
According to this theory super-
ior execution of art was evolutionarily
important because it attracted mates.
➢ People create art to attract other
individual and in order for them to be
liked.
FUNCTIONS OF ART
Art has a general function of
satisfying:
1. Our individual needs for personal
expression.
2. Our social needs for public display,
celebration, and communication
3. Our physical needs for utilitarian
objects or structures.
PERSONAL FUNCTION:
Art educates our senses and
sharpen our perception of color, forms,
textures,designs, sounds, rhythms, and
harmonies in our environment (e.given
The Kiss (1907-1908), Daisen Inn
Stone Garden,at Horaisan Mountain
in Daitokuji).
Art offers us fresh insights into
nature and human nature so that we
gain better understanding of ourselves
and the world around us e.g. Pop Art
Parody of Andy Warhol’s 32 Campbell
Soup Cans)
➢ For personal satisfaction.
SOCIAL FUNCTION:
Art performs a social function when:
1. It seeks to influence the collective
behavior of people.
2. It is created to be seen or used
primarily in public situations.
3. It expresses or describes social or
collective aspects of existence as
opposed to individual and personal
kinds of experiences.
➢ Other people influence you to do
an artwork.
PHYSICAL FUNCTION:
Tools and containers are objects
which function to make our lives phy-
sically comfortable. Designing a
functional object involves the consi-
deration of its intended use and its
aesthetic look.
➢ Artist creates art para sa
ikagagaan ng kanyang buhay; to make
our lives physicaly comfortable. (It
needs to be done)
LESSON 4
Derivative Works VS.
Meaning Derivation
Derivative work – This is a replica
of an original work; an expressive
creation that includes major copy
rightable elements of an original,
previously created first work (mimic)
Meaning Derivation – is the process
of deriving meaning out of a work of
art.
 5 STEPS OF MEANING
DERIVATION
1. DESCRIPTION – (what do you
see) limited to your sense of sight
THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS THAT
CONSTITUTE A DESCRIPTION
INCLUDE:
A. Form of art whether architecture,
sculture, painting or one of the minor
arts.
B. Medium of work whether clay,
stone, steel, paint, etc. and technique
(tools used)
C. Size and scale of work (relationship
to a person and/or frame and/or
context)
D. Elements or general shapes
(architectural structural system)
within the composition, including of
post-lintel construction or painting
with several figures lined up in a row;
identification of objects
E. Description of axis whether
vertical, diagonal, horizontal, etc.
F. Description of line, including
contour as soft, planar, jagged, etc.
G. Description of how line describes
shape and space (volume); distinguish
between lines of objects and lines of
composition (e.g thick, thin, variable,
irregular, intermittent, indistinct, etc.)
H. Relationships between shapes (e.g
large and small, overlapping etc.)
I. Description of color and color
scheme = palette
J. Texture of surface or other
comments about execution of work
K. Context of object: original location
and date
2. ANALYSIS – (How did the artist
do) The meaning of what you see as a
viewer; the meaning of the elements
of art based on society.
Determining what the features
suggest and deciding why the artist
used such features to convey specific
ideas. It answers the question: “How
did the artist do it?”
A. Determination of subject matter
through naming iconographic
elements (e.g historical event,
allegory, mythology, etc.)
B. Selection of most distinctive
features or characteristics whether
line, shape, color, texture, etc.
C. Analysis of the principles of design
or composition (e.g stable, repetitious,
rhythmics, unified, symmetrical,
harmonious, geometric, varied,
chaotic, horizontal or vertically
oriented, etc.)
D. Discussion of how elements or
structural system contribute to
apperance of image or function
E. Analysis of use of light and role of
color (e.g contrasty, shadowy,
illogical, warm, cool, symbolic, etc.)
F. Treatment of space and landscape,
both real and illusionary (including
use of perspective) e.g compact, deep,
shallow, naturalistic, random
G. Portrayal of movement and how it
is achieved.
H. Effect of particular medium(s) used
I. Your perceptions of balance,
proportion and scale (relationships of
each part of the composition to the
whole and to each other part) and
your emotional
J. Reaction to object or monument
3. MEANING – The meaning of the judgment about the quality of the
art piece based on the artist. artwork?
What is the meaning of the Art
piece based on the Artist?
4. CONTEXT – Why did the artist
create it and what does it mean?; a
certain art piece will be interpreted
differently from the other; research
about the background or history of a
certain art piece.
Establishing the broader
context for this type of art. It answers
the question, “Why did the artist
create it and what does it mean?”
THE VARIOUS ELEMENTS THAT
CONSTITUTE INTERPRETATION
INCLUDE:
A. Main idea, overall meaning of the
work.
B. Interpretative Statement: Can I
express what I think the artwork is
about in one sentence?
C. Evidence: What evidence inside
or outside the artwork supports my
interpretation?
5. JUDGMENT – Is it good or bad?
Judging a piece of work means
giving it rank in relation to other
works and of course considering a
very important aspect of the visual
arts; its originality.
➢ Is it a good artwork?
➢ Criteria: What criteria do I think
are most appropriate for judging
the artwork?
➢ Evidence: What evidence inside
or outside the artwork related to
each criterion?
➢ Judgment: Based on the criteria
and evidence, what is my