Ancient Greeks into monuments in use cyphers to ancient Egypt. send messages about military matters using 742 BC: The ancient smoke or torches Greeks invent the scytale, where messages are written About 50 BC: Julius on strips of paper. Caesar uses a shift cypher system, which is a type of substitution AD 800-900: Arabic cypher, for all of his mathematicians are correspondence. the first to write down the theories of 1467: The first ever cryptography. substitution cypher, the Alberti Cypher, 1586: Supporters which uses two of Mary Queen of rotating disks, is Scots use coded invented in Italy. letters in a plot to assassinate 1605: The philosopher Elizabeth I. Francis Boson uses steganography to create 1797: Thomas Jefferson various cyphers and invents a wooden cylinder other ways of hiding with several wheels. The messages within text. letters of the alphabet are printed on each wheel and 1789- 1815: Napoleon each wheel has to be in the Bonaparte develops his correct position for the own cyphers to transmit message to be read of the sensitive military cylinder. information.