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Introduction and Overview-Getting Started: Chapter
Introduction and Overview-Getting Started: Chapter
Chapter- 1
Introduction and
Overview—Getting Started
Chapter Objectives
Definition of operating system and the services offered by IT.
Types of operating system.
History of UNIX and LINUX along with their features.
File system architecture details.
Types of users and files in UNIX/LINUX.
Basic UNIX Commands.
Recap.
Quiz.
1.3.2 Linux
In 1991, Linus Torvalds began developing an operating system kernel, which
he named "Linux". This kernel could be combined with the FSF material and
other components to produce a freely modifiable and very useful operating
system. This book will term the kernel itself the "Linux kernel'' and an entire
combination as "Linux''. Note that many use the term "GNU/Linux'' instead
for this combination. Linux is not derived from UNIX source code, but its
interfaces are intentionally like UNIX. Therefore, UNIX lessons learned
generally apply to both, including information on security.
k. printing :
i. lpr filename --- print.
ii. lpq --- check out the printer queue.
iii. lprm jobnumber --- remove something from the printer queue.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
• An operating system is a resource manager that is useful to handle all the
available resources effectively and efficiently.
• The following are the available types of operating systems:
• Single user and Multi user operating systems
• Single tasking and Multi tasking operating systems
• Real time operating system and
• Distributed operating system
• Linux and UNIX are almost the same, except that Unix is commercial
in nature.
1.7 QUIZ
1. What is the need for an operating system?
2. What are the types of operating system available?
3. How does RTOS differ from other operating systems?
4. Which one is a free ware – UNIX or Linux?
5. Define a file system.
6. What does dev correspond to?
7. How to change the ‘read’, ‘write’ and ‘execute’ permissions on files?
Answers
1. It is acting as a resource manager. It enhances the utilization of available
resources and it makes the user more comfortable.
2. There are single user, multi user, single- tasking, multi tasking, real time
OS and distributed OS are available in the market.
3. RTOS is an operating system that works for real time system, i.e. logical
correctness of the operation within a deterministic deadline is mandatory
in that kind of systems.
4. Linux.
5. A UNIX file system is a collection of files and directories stored.
6. Dev – refers to device files.
7. Chmod is the simplest way to change the file permissions. Chmod with
number followed for user, group and others will get the permissions
changed.
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Linux/Unix Commands—An In-depth Analysis 9
Chapter- 2
Linux/Unix Commands
—An In-depth Analysis
Chapter Objectives
Understanding Shell.
Discuss directory commands.
Discuss all file related commands.
An analysis of rest of the Linux commands.
Recap.
Quiz.
Yes, Boss! I
User Input English to Binary
Shell can
(Commands) Conversion understanding
your request
And Shell is the area where user can play around with the commands
and script that has to be run. It can be called as an environment where user
can type and get response.
Table 2.1 summarizes the available types of shell in the market and
along with a brief description of each.
Table 2.1: Available shells in the market with a brief description
S.No.Name of Shell Description
1.Bourne Shell (bsh) This is the original Unix shell written by Steve Bourne of Bell Labs. This Shell is n
This Shell was written at University of Cali- fornia, Berkeley. It provides C like lang
This Shell is very advanced and all the fea- tures of the C shell together with ema
David Korn of Bell labs has written the Shell. This is made available in all Unix sys
2. C Shell (csh) Combined features of C and TC shells along with the features of Bourne shell are
This shell is written by free software founda- tion. GNU initiative helped in framing
3. TC Shell (tcsh)