Teenage Preg

Republic Act (RA) No. 10354 or the "Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012,"
the State recognizes and guarantees the human rights of all persons including the right to health
which includes reproductive health, the right to education and information, and the right to choose
and make decisions for themselves in accordance with their religious convictions, ethics, cultural
beliefs, and the demands of responsible parenthood;

is defined as occurring between thirteen and nineteen years of age. There are, however, girls as young
as ten who are sexually active and occasionally become pregnant and give birth. The vast majority of
teenage births in the United States occurs among girls between fifteen and nineteen years of age.

Cause

-Lack of information about sexual and reproductive health and rights

-Inadequate access to services tailored to young people

-Family, community and social pressure to marry

-Sexual violence

-Child, early and forced marriage, which can be both a cause and a consequence

-Lack of education or school drop-out

Effects

Adolescent pregnancy remains a major contributor to maternal and child mortality. Complications
relating to pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death for girls aged 15-19 globally.
Pregnant girls and adolescents also face other health risks and complications due to their immature
bodies. Babies born to younger mothers are also at greater risk.

Adolescent pregnancy can also have negative social and economic effects on girls, their families and
communities. Unmarried pregnant adolescents may face stigma or rejection by parents and peers as
well as threats of violence. Girls who become pregnant before age 18 are also more likely to experience
violence within a marriage or partnership.

Risks of teenage pregnancy

Risks of low birth weight, premature labor, anemia, and pre-eclampsia

Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of an infant of
2,499 g (5 lb 8.1 oz) or less, regardless of gestational age.[1] Infants born with LBW have added health
risks which require close management, often in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). They are also at
increased risk for long-term health conditions which require follow-up over time.

Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational
age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks.
 Anemia or anaemia is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen due to a
lower than normal number of red blood cells, or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin.[3][4] When
anemia comes on slowly, the symptoms are often vague, such as tiredness, weakness, shortness of
breath, headaches, and a reduced ability to exercise.

Pre-eclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a
significant amount of protein in the urine. When it arises, the condition begins after 20 weeks of
pregnancy. In severe cases of the disease there may be red blood cell breakdown, a low blood platelet
count, impaired liver function, kidney dysfunction, swelling, shortness of breath due to fluid in the lungs,
or visual disturbances. Pre-eclampsia increases the risk of undesirable outcomes for both the mother
and the fetus. If left untreated, it may result in seizures at which point it is known as eclampsia

Poverty 

Is the state of having few material possessions or little income. Poverty can have
diverse social, economic, and political causes and effects.[1] When evaluating poverty in statistics or
economics there are two main measures: absolute poverty compares income against the amount
needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter;[2] relative poverty measures
when a person cannot meet a minimum level of living standards, compared to others in the same time
and place. 

RA 11291: An Act Providing for a Magna Carta of the Poor This law calls on the government to establish
a system to provide the requirements, conditions and opportunities for the full enjoyment of the
following rights of the poor:

Cause

 Lack of access to clean water and nutritious food.

 Lack of access to basic healthcare.
 Inequality or social injustice.
 Conflict and instability.
 Lack of education.
 Lack of access to jobs and livelihood.
 Poor basic infrastructure.
 Climate change.

Effects

Poverty is associated with substandard housing, hunger, homelessness, inadequate childcare, unsafe

neighborhoods, and under-resourced schools.

Advantages

The main advantage of a standard relative poverty line such as the one in use in the EU is that it
automatically reflects differences in the income distribution between different regions and in time,
adjusting to the centre of gravity of the income distribution.
Disadvantages

Poverty has negative impacts on children's health, social, emotional and cognitive development,
behaviour and educational outcomes. Children born into poverty are more likely to experience a wide
range of health problems, including poor nutrition, chronic disease and mental health problems.

Impact

Poor Health

Globally, millions suffer from poverty-related health conditions as infectious diseases ravage the
lives of an estimated 14 million people a year and are of the top effects of poverty.

K-12
RA 10533 added two years of Senior High School (SHS) to broaden the goals of high school
education for college preparation, vocational and technical career opportunities as well
as creative arts, sports and entrepreneurial employment.

K to 12 (also K-12) is an education system under the Department of Education that aims to enhance
learners’ basic skills, produce more competent citizens, and prepare graduates for
lifelong xjobs.org/ learning and employment. “K” stands for Kindergarten and “12” refers to the
succeeding 12 years of basic education (6 years of elementary education, 4 years of junior high school,
and 2 years of senior high school).

Cause

Abstract – The government implemented the K to 12 programs to enhance the educational system of
the country in order to accelerate the mutual recognition of Filipino graduates and professionals
across the world.

Effect

The K to 12 system aims to improve Filipino students' skills in mathematics, science, and
linguistics to further exhibit competence in the global job market. With the new curriculum,
the Department of Education promises to offer higher quality education through the strands.
Advantages
K-12 system aims to improve Filipino students' mathematical, scientific, and linguistic
competence. With the new curriculum, DepEd promised to offer higher quality education
through tracks. Each track will give students enough time to master a field and enhance their
skills.
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of the K-12 program are the lack of classrooms and the bloating of the
curriculum – you simply stretched the 10 years of the current curriculum to 12 years of
curriculum – there is no improvement in content – and lack of teachers. The drop-out rate will
increase because of the two extra years.

Impact
K to 12 Led to Higher Quality Education in the Philippines

With full funding for instructional programs and facilities that will build students' skills and
knowledge, DepEd intended to make senior high graduates employable even without a college
education.

Bullying

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10627

AN ACT REQUIRING ALL ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS TO ADOPT POLICIES TO PREVENT
AND ADDRESS THE ACTS OF BULLYING IN THEIR INSTITUTIONS

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

Section 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as the "Anti-Bullying Act of 2013".

Section 2. Acts of Bullying. – For purposes of this Act, "bullying" shall refer to any severe or repeated use
by one or more students of a written, verbal or electronic expression, or a physical act or gesture, or any
combination thereof, directed at another student that has the effect of actually causing or placing the
latter in reasonable fear of physical or emotional harm or damage to his property; creating a hostile
environment at school for the other student; infringing on the rights of the other student at school; or
materially and substantially disrupting the education process or the orderly operation of a school; such
as, but not limited to, the following:

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes
another person injury or discomfort. Bullying can take the form of physical contact, words, or
more subtle actions.
The bullied individual typically has trouble defending him or herself and does nothing to “cause”
the bullying.
Cyberbullying is verbally threatening or harassing behavior conducted through such electronic
technology as cell phones, email, social media, or text messaging.
Cause
Causes of bullying differ. It only means that  anyone can become a target, regardless of gender,
race, religion, or socioeconomic status. Understanding why people bully others can help
teachers and parents become aware and find the best ways to combat it.
Factors that can lead to bullying may include differences in appearance, social status, race, and
sexual orientation. But these are not an excuse to bully someone.
Effect

Bullying can affect everyone—those who are bullied, those who bully, and those
who witness bullying. Bullying is linked to many negative outcomes including
impacts on mental health, substance use, and suicide. It is important to talk to kids
to determine whether bullying—or something else—is a concern.
Impact

Gone are the days that it is acceptable to say that bullying is a 'rite of passage' or 'a
part of growing up'. Since the early 90s research on the substantial impact of bullying
on both the mental and physical health of a young person has been stark. There is a
signifcant amount of research showing both the long and short term impact of
bullying. This page aims to show some of the evidence (see the section at the bottom
of the page for references).