Example: timber beam

Consider a rectengular timber beam with pinned ends loaded by a concentrated load FEd in the middle.
a.) Check the strength (and the stability) of the beam.
b.) Check the same beam applying an additional axial force NEd .

Input data
Load:
FEd = 10kN

Geometry

Heigth of the section: h = 225mm

Width of the section: b = 100mm

Length of the member: L = 5m

Material C22

N N N
fm.k = 22 ft.0.k = 13 ft.90.k = 0.5
2 2 2
mm mm mm

N N N
fc.0.k = 20 fc.90.k = 2.4 fv.k = 2.4
2 2 2
mm mm mm

kN kN kN
E0.mean = 10 E0.05 = 6.7 E90.mean = 0.33
2 2 2
mm mm mm

Safety and modification factors:

Partial factor for material properties:

γM = 1.3 solid timber EN 1995-1-1:2004 Table 2.3

Modification factor for duration of load and moisture content:

kmod = 0.9 solid timber, short term loading, service class 1 EN 1995-1-1:2004 Table 3.1

Size factor for bending:

kh = 1 h>150mm EN 1995-1-1:2004 Eq. (3.1)

Section forces

FEd⋅ L
M Ed = = 12.5⋅ kNm
4

FEd
VEd = = 5⋅ kN
2
Design strengths

fm.k
fm.d = kh ⋅ kmod = 15.231⋅ MPa
γM

fc.0.k
fc.0.d = kmod = 13.846⋅ MPa
γM

fv.k
fv.d = kmod⋅ = 1.662⋅ MPa
γM

a.) Check of the resistances

- bending
2
h ⋅b 3
Wy = = 843.75⋅ cm
6

M Ed
σm.y.d = = 14.815⋅ MPa < fm.d = 15.231⋅ MPa
Wy

- shear
2 3
b⋅ h 3 b⋅ h 3 4
Sx = = 632.813 ⋅ cm Ix = = 9.492 × 10 ⋅ cm
8 12

Sx⋅ VEd
τd = = 0.333⋅ MPa < fv.d = 1.662⋅ MPa
b ⋅ Ix

- stability (lateral torsional buckling):

lef = 0.8⋅ L + 2 ⋅ h = 4.45 m 0.8 for concentrated load EN 1995-1-1:2004 Table 6.1
loaded at the compression edge
2
0.78⋅ b (6.32)
σm.crit = ⋅ E0.05 = 52.195⋅ MPa
h⋅ lef

fm.k
λrel.m = = 0.649
σm.crit

kcrit = 1 if λrel.m ≤ 0.75 kcrit = 1 (6.34)

(1.56 − 0.75⋅ λrel.m) if 0.75 < λrel.m ≤ 1.4

1
if 1.4 < λrel.m
λrel.m

σm.y.d
= 0.973 <1 OK (6.33)
kcrit⋅ fm.d
b.) Addidtional compressive axial force
- stability (bending+compression): EN 1995-1-1:2004 6.3.3

NEd = 20kN

3
h⋅ b 3 4
Iz = = 1.875 × 10 ⋅ cm
12
Iz
iz = = 4.33⋅ cm
2
b

νz = 1

νz⋅ L
λz = = 115.47
iz

λz fc.0.k (6.22)
λrel.z = ⋅ = 2.008
π E0.05

βc = 0.2 solid timber (6.29)

kz = 0.5⋅ 1 + βc⋅ λrel.z − 0.3 + λrel.z

2
 ( )  = 2.687
(6.28)

1
kc.z = = 0.224
2 2
(6.26)
kz + kz − λrel.z

NEd
σc.0.d = = 0.889⋅ MPa
b⋅ h

2
 σm.y.d  σc.0.d
  + k ⋅f = 1.233 >1 not OK (6.35)
kcrit⋅ fm.d
  c.z c.0.d