'?

4
Accident investisation

A*lnr4 lnwhy+-R^J,ln+.r.. [.,qzobJ

'

l)I

Eraanowtl

need accident investigation?

a a
a a

-U l-gllB hnzs-d
Nots" l.q...J

5t"
to prevent future xdent

hq.u'-d'

2) What the beareflts of accident investigation?

o o o o o

Re1^1o5oo

& !h^L"d+

imptovqworkenvironment
raising safeU awateness to minimize medical costs
increase the productivity
do investigation?

b.ntlunx,*r,*1.c

^-*N

U*e"1

\l

Lrr^nror,*t-torrl Pr-o+*

.,l.,1oX

hr,hcr,,al 4Eq

l^J

3)

Ishould
a a a

4) What to be investigated? o the loss o led to lois(near-misses) o the cause ofaccident 5) Who should investigate?
a

Additional information

o o t

primary witness(thefrrst percon that ssw the accident occurred)

secondary witness(theftrct person that anived after the accident occurred) tertisr! witness(person did not see the accident but had evidence to be related with the accident, such as family member, friends)
investi gation reports
:

Zllllof
a
a a

8) Report should be included

o o c

bsckgroundinformation
account ofaccident(sequence, extent damage) discassion(direct and indirect causes)

e)

ii li ii f

Radiation hazard

I - What is ionization?
Theformation of +ve or -ve ion
2 - What happen to an atom when it undergoes ionization?

.ffi
a a

3 - What does

4-whatirS
5 - Spectrum can be divided into 2 categories. What are they?

'ru
6 - Define
a a

C''fr;'F

Example?

.H .ila.I
a

rItnry|td-rJescnDe:f .G.t
a

--"--''"--{3 -tta

'51 .H i.Qry

9-Describenfl
a

. yf'h.cililtfrgT

-@

{--

l0 - Describe gammaradiation?

...-

.-d-rln
a a a

- Describe x-ray radiation?

12 - List down all non,ionizing radiation wave?

c o . o o c o o
a

visible radiation,

ultra violet, infru red,

RF. (radiofrequgncy)
MIV (microwave) ELF (extreme lowfrequency radiation)
laser
video

plu! terminal

based radiation

13 - Describe

14 - Describe
a a

ilI? lI

15 - Describe
a a a

16 -Describe

Fn

.:-

ru

l7 - Describe ELF? Extremely low frequency

o due to lowfrequenay c it create static electro magnetictield o where Electricfteld is produced by voltage o -where Magneticfteld produced by curmt
a a a a

18 - Describe laser?

' '20 - Two source of radiation?

o o o o c o
2l

chargedparticlefromsan & stars radiation found in soil, water, vegetation also by natural isotope in earth

rT

biomedical equipment

nuclear weapon test industries

- What unit is used to

22-Whatia a

n/t: there is aformulafor halfJife...i can,t make it here! VERY IMPORTANT 23 -lMhatunit is used to measure the absorbed

. o o

dose?

gray (Gy)
Qoule energy

pq

kilogram orgsn

tissue)

another unit used is rad, where

rad= 0.01 Gy

24 - What does
a a
a a

25 - List down biological effect of ionizing radiation?

. o .
a

cancer, reduced life span

bone damage, effect on reproductive effect

catffact

24a a
a

25 - List down 3 pathway of radiation explosion to human?

a a a

26 - What are the threshold limits to radiation? o anualdose= 50mSv o annual dosefor 5 years = 20 mSv
27 - Canwe eliminate radiation? if can't say how?

ry

--

-->fr-e -'r5,tJ . -T
--> shielding

Get baniers of lead or concrcte.

--> Preeaationary' measure

ERGONOMICS
Outline
a

Case Studies.

a a a a a

Definition.
Physical and psychological aspects ofjob. Benefits of program. Identift ergonomics problems. Recommendation for work conditions. Injuries. What is

l)

:l-?r
r-

2)Whatisthe-

3) Ergonomics consider the person's:?

4)Whatarethe-

:fu
.I
-I -

5) What are the criteria

o ffil&b
o

foqq*lG

.W. ,W

thzqnnalitv

n/s: Summary

6) What to expect from ergonomist?

Reduce potential exiden Redace potential of injury

Improve performance

7)Howtof,

8ru,liill't
':-

qffi
a a

'fr
.G
I hrs exposure.

l0) Recommendation for noise?

Not higher than 55 dBA or 80 dBAfor
I

l)

Recommendation

12) Furniture?

o o

Adjustable height Able to support body

.

13) Chairs?

What is a musculoskeletal injury (MSIX

l5) Common type of MSI?

t
a a a

a a

-f-

l7)HoffifI
a a

18)Whatare

.ln
oEl

theI||

.tI .tlllt.
r tll rE
19) What are others ergonomics related in
a a a

n/s: Above is considered us MSIs

20) What isln

how to reduce it?

how to reduce

1.-

2l) What ira a

how to reduce it?

how to
a. b. c.

22)Whati
a a
a

n how to reduce it?

how to reduce
a. b. c.

23) What is contact stress n hw to reduce?

hw lo reduce

L
2.

24) What i
a
O

25) What is
o
a

Extreme Extreme

26) What is the factor

ofl-and

effects?

Effects

1.t
2.

27)Whatare
a a

thelllll

28) What

.ffi

'ry
Fallins hazard

r)-ontlnwhatarethey?
a a a

a
a a a

3) List and describe the kind ofsurface falls:

. . . .
a a a a a

TriP ftersandung) andfall-occur when workers encoantered unseen object in the puth. stump andfall-sticky surfoce in the walking area stel andfall-sudden unexpected step down in the path sliP and fall-the center of gravity of the body suddenly out of balance(otly spot)

4)HowtotIIl

5) What mean by
a

o o 6) Explain

aboutthillll

7) Explain fall anest system and fall restrpint system:

a a

8) List the example o

a a

.-

l0)
I

l)
a a

t2) Howabout-

l3) Safety goggles:

a a

t4)

whyneedEl

l5)

ri""m
o o .
improper lifting

personal lifestyle
ergonomics

factor

l6) How to do safety lifting?

o -stand close to the object -

a a

bend your knees make sire your legs do the

ffiing

NOISE HAZARDS

2) What is noise?

3) What is the effect of exposure to high level of noise?

a a a a

20

80
N o lsy

100

140

150

Threshold Level (H ea rin g)

3) Noise in
a a

W hisper

o ffice

Passing Truck

Threshold (Pain)
L evel

Jet Engine

fll,oses

two health problems which are?

4) What are

.l-l
a a

.ry
5)

v/hut*e5 .-l-/

'lllr '5
t0

.I

6) What should we do when sound level exceed (8 hr time weighted average (TWA) equal to

orIE

7) How to minimizing adverse effects on hearing?

8) How to treat the source of noise?

9) How to treat the path?

-Room absorption, -Shields. -Moving of equipment

l0) How to treat the receiver?

l) How

Ear protective device. -Enclosures.

-Administrativechanges. -Indicution of problans. around sarvqt.

do u evaluates noise exposure?

-Ilalk

-Il/ork-shiftsampling.
-Instruments used to conduct Noise survE).

12) How noisy condition can make normal conversion difficult? (Indication of problems)

>80dBA= people have to speak very laadly. Between 85 to 90 = people have to shout >95 = people huve to move closer together to hear.

13) What is walk around survey?

-Should be performed to screenfor noise.

ll

v
mishandle thetlammable stuff

cooking (homeJire)
Smoking.

Q : DESCNBE 3 WAYS OF HEAT TRANSFER?

- **i"",##i:
convection

";,;#";::::::#,#f!r,
--> heat transfer by hotfluid
--->heat fiansfer through waves
OFFER?

rudistion

Q: WHAT DOES FIRE TETRAHEDRON

Fire triangle only gives 3 which are heat,fuel and Ov lVhile tetrahedron give us the 4h which is chuin rxn which means ftre continue to go...provided the 3 element is there always

LIST DOWN SUBSTANCES PRESENT IN FIRE?

carbon & Hz
02, polymer CO (due to insuffrcient O2 duringJire)
COz, HzO, smoke

a a a

WHAT DOES AUTO-IGNITION MEAN? A temperutare in which fuel will self-ignite even with no ignition source WHAT IS FLAMMABLE RANGE/EXPLOSIVE RANGE? Refer to concentration of fuel vapor in air that cun ignite by ignition source WHAT IS FLASH POINT? Refer lo the lowest temperature presence of ignition source

in

which

fuel

can prodace safftcient vapor to

tlash in the

Q: WHAT IS FIRE POINT? Refer to the minimum temperaturc where the vapors from
soutce of ignition.

the

fuel will continue to burn given

Q: HOW TO PREVENT FIRE? by breaking the Jire triangle whether remove fuel starve point Q: LIST DOWN METHOD TO PREVENT FIRE? - good hoase keeping -->propet storuge

the

ftre ot even lower the combustion

safety detection ltre

designfor

--->get lessflammable

stuff

-->s!stem lo wam as

Q: DESCRIBE 4 FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM? I )thermal expansion detectors o use heat sensitive metsl link o it will melt at a predetermined T to mske contact

and sound the alarm

2) ultraviolet/infrared detectors o Sound the alurm when the jbeflames ure detected.
3) io n ixatio n/r

o o

a d intion s ens o

work by sensing the change in electricity conductivity across the detection chamber

13

a o o o

Cause by product of combustion.

4) Photoelectric ftre sensor detect change in the light stream that is beamed actoss detection chamber caused by smoke particle

HOW WE CLASSIFY FIRE?

A = by wood, paper Cluss B = oil, gas

Class

ClassC=electric Class D = combustibk metal

LIST DOWN ALL FIRE EXTINGUISING SYSTEM

hosepipe

ftre sprinkler portabkftreextingukher

LIST DOWN 4 TYPES OF EXTINGUISHER?

1) For allpurpose use in class A, pressurized water prcssare present

o o o o o o o

2) CO2
use in cluss B & C, asing noule
no pressure gauge

3) Multi purpose dry chemicul

usefor
there
is

class

A,B,C

ftne powder under pressure

have pressure gauge

4) Dry powder

HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHER?

P: pull

the

pin

A= aim the noule S= squeeze handle

S= sweep side to side

DURING FIRE WE SHOULD RACE? HOW? R = rescue your worker immediately A = alert people, alarm C = close all door snd h,indon' E = evacuate and ertinguish worker, smallJire WHAT IS NFPA LIFE SAFETY CODE? - a major source of reference - it urge the construction, protectionfeatures so thatftre hazard ca be minimized - it design the entry point, so evacuation can occurfaster

Resulation And Standards

Obiektif

t4

- 4l+A
dd'""\irkreo{
o,nder rhivsfg tl,\A^r."

Dotl}

Poto'al@ '

-EF.h c.4r^,..lsde"d
"ud<y

lvi^iat y

Doe

l{atw-al

Fe5w,^vr.,e

/--

\QEQISLATION
.people

emphasize and guidelines'fdF preventing damage or loss of

- ----PREVEM
/ enviramment

that

---=---PROTECT . frcglurrlpS to ws!!!e

'penqlEe culprtt.

and

Lawsofl
1.

3.
4.
5.

LawsolII
1.

3.

Steps:
a)

b)
c) d)

Environnemental Management System (EMS

Environnemental Management:

Why EMS?
a a a

15

Leadership

& Commitment

Phase of Continual Improvement

Environmental Protection
Definition l. Legal

t6

Ecological

Engineering

Water Pollution

Contains impurities that muke the water unsaitablefor a given use

Common Parameter

Effect:
a
a

!-

Common Parameter

Soil Pollution

t7

Impacts:

Treatment:

r.t

Air Pollution

Eflects:
1.

3.

Control

) )

to maintuin an atmosphere in which pollutants have no negative impact on human activities methodologlt 1. Not to produce the pollatants 2. Pollution control equipment 3. Planned dispersion

Reduction and Abatement

Engineering Substitution offossilfuel with

alternative soutces

Management
a

o c
o

SpecrJicily and clarity in legislation Effe ctiv e urb an p lann in g

More efficient process / product designs Alternative material selection Resource recoverv / recvclins

Methods: 1. Process modiftcation

2. Product reformulation 3. Feed substitution 4. Eqaipment redesign 5. Improve housekeeping 6. Segregation of incomplete toxic wustes

18

F'

Bul

Lessen cost,
waste.

impact, Iower

erwironmental operating decrease the

complexrty waste mqnagement and reduce the potentially liability of the

' of

Priorities in Waste management

l9

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