2

. Which of the following are products of photophosphorylation?

ATP
I1. ADP
NADP
IV. NADPH

(A) Iand Ill only

(B) I and IV only
(C) Il and lll only
(D) ll and IV only

tem 2 refers to the following diagriám which outlines the events of the Calvin cycle.
GPGA)

Tiece Hexose Stareh

Phoephate Phosphate

RaBP

2. Which of the stages labelled 1-IV on the diagram represents the stage at which carbon dioxide is
incorporated into the cycle?

(A)
(B) II
(C)
(D) IV
 3

Item refers to the following diagram which shows the structure ofa chloroplast.

3. The photosystems are located in the structure labelled

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) Z

4. On a wamm, sunny day, photosynthesis is Ltem Srefers to the following schematic

diagram which summarizes the main steps
limited by
in glycolysis.
(A) temperature
(B) light intensity
(C) oxygen availability
(D) carbon dioxide availability
Frectece-6-p

THese phephate

yrwwet
5. At what stage does oxidative
phosphorylation occur?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) IV

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 4

Which of the following molecules are Which of the following pairs of statements
products ofthe Krebs cycle? correctly distinguishes between energy flow
and nutrient cycling in ecosystems?
. NAD
I. FADH Energy Flow Nutrient Cycling
ATP
(A) Occursthrough | Occurs within an
(A) l and 1II only an ccosystem ecosystem
(B) and Ill only (B) | Driven by Driven by
(C) Il and Ill only photosynthesis respiration
(D) 1, lI and IIl
(C) Driven by Driven by
respiration photosynthesis
Item7 refers to the following experimental (D)Occurs withinOccurs through
an ecosystem an ecosystem
setup.

1yrge

Plaste or mmetal cape

cotalnieg pemlnsting
seeds

PDier paper rolled

te form a wek

Pobn ydrerde pllary U-tube Potassium lydrodde solution

psWater centalning coloured
g e l he velume 'o
e d in the

7. After 30minutes,the fluid in the manometer

would MOSTlikely

(A) rise at X
(B) rise at Y
drop at Y
(C)
(D) not move

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 -5

tem 2 refers to the following simple diagrammatic representation of a nutrient cycle.

Animals
and insect

Decempeelden
P Plants

Soll and
Mtter, water

Which of the stages, labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4, is critical for nutrient cycling in ecosystenms?
(A)
(B) 2
C
(C) 3
(D) 4

10. When a species plays a role in its community, it is said to be in its

(A) habitat
(B) population
(C) ecosystem
(D) ecological niche

11. Which of the following represent limitations of using pyramids of energy to describe
between trophic levels in ecosystems? relationships

. A single grass plant has the same status as a tree.

I.
I1. It requires combustion of representative samples which may be
II1. t may be difficult to assign a species to one trophic level, for
time-consuming.
IV.
example,
True pyramid shapes are not always obtained as some may be inverted.
omnivores.

(A) I and II only

(B) and 1ll only
(C)
(C) Il and Ill only
(D) I1, Jl and IV only

TU
 12. Which of the following is NOT a 16. The active uptake of many ions occurs at
conservation method used to maintain the roots ofgeen plants. Ifthe respiratory
biodiversity? enzymesofthe roots ofa plant are poisoned,
at which of the following tissues of the
(A) Sperm bank roots would the movement ofions be totally
(B) Botanic garden stopped?
(C) Protected reserve
(D) Genetic engineering (A) Xylem
(B) Epidermis
(C) Endodermis
13. Which of the following BEST refers to a (D) Cortex parenchyma
dynamic ecosystem?
(A) A species of butterfilies feeding on 17. Whichofthe following diagrams does NOT
a specific fower in the rainforest represent a xylem vessel?
(B) A community of fish species in a
swamp remaining unchanged for
years
(C) Pioneer species interacting with oOOg
their environment to colonize an
area
(D) The interaction between different
species in an environment

14. Which of the following is regarded as a

direct value derived from biodiversity
conservation?
(A) B) (C) D)
Removal of Co, from the
(A)
atmosphere by plants
(B) Sustaining environmental services
for future generations
(C) Foreign exchange brought into the
country through tourism
Reduction in the loss of nutrients in
(D)
topsoil in forested areas during
heavy rainfall

15. Which of the following contributes to the

stability of an ecosystem?
Sustainable management of
(A)
woodlands

(B) The practice of monoculture

Adecrease in biodiversity
(C)
(D) The release of exotic species into
an arca

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 1
ofa
to the following diagram
ltems 18-19refer to the following electron Item20 refers ofa mammalian heart.
ongitudinal section
micrograph of a sieve tube.

IV
9

true for the

20. Which of the following is
structure labelled X?

(A) Receives impluses from the brain

atria
to initiate contraction ofthe
of a
(B) Delays impulses for a fraction
second before they travel down
into the ventricles
from
(C) Separates the right ventricle
structures the left ventricle
18. Which of the.following labelled
is responsible for the provision ofnutrients (D) Conducts impluses very rapidly to
the base of the ventricles
element?
to the sieve tube

(A) A pulse is due to

(B) 21.
(C) ventricular systole
(D) IV (A)
(B) arterial systole
(C) ventricular diastole
Whichstructure isassociated withperipheral (D) arterial diastole
19.
cytoplasm?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) V

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 8

human blood smear.

lcems 22-23 refer to the following photomicrograph of cells from
a

23. The cell labelled I is MOST likely

22. Which of the photomicrographs labelled I,
11, ll and IV shows a neutrophil?
(A) aplatelet
(B) a monocyte
(A) (C) a lymphocyte
(B) an erythrocyte
(C) (D)
(D) IV

26. Which ofthe following is NOTa property

24. Which of the following explains the of hormones?
Bohreffect
physiological significance ofthe
in mammalian muscle?
Hormones travel in the bloodstream
(A)
to the target organ.
(A) Myoglobin releases oxygen more must
(B) A large amount of hormones
rapidly to respiring cells. be secreted to produce desired
(B) Higher carbon dioxide partialof effects.
pressures favour unloading Hormones are secreted by ductless
oxygen from haemoglobin. (C)
becomes fully saturated
glands which have a rich supply
(C) Myoglobin of blood.
at lower oxygen partial pressures. Hormones have their effects at sites
Haemoglobin
becomes fully (D)
(D) different from where they are
saturated at lower oxygen partial
produced.
pressures.

The first stage in the removal of

excess
NOT regulated 27.
are
25. Which of the following
feedback mechanism?
amino acids is their oxidation to ammonia.
by a negative This is subsequently fed into the ornithine
produce urea. These processes
Heart rate and blood pressure cycle to
(A) take place in the
Water balance and blood pH
(B) and action
Labour during birth
(C) (A) liver
potential
and (B) lungs
Blood glucose concentration
D) body temperature
(C) kidneys
(D) pancreasS

NEXT PAGE
GO ON TO THE
 9
table which
28. The target cells of the antidiuretic hormone ltem 32 refers to the following
data recorded for
are cells of the summarizes statistícal
X during the
HIV infections in Country
loop of Henlé and distal convoluted period 2004 to 2005.
(A)
tubule
(B) glomerular capillary and renal Year Popalatlon Number of People
capsule Number Living with HIV
(C)proximal convoluted tubule and 456 600 5000
2004
collecting duct
(D) collecting duct and distal 2005 456 600 5600
convoluted tubule What is the incidence rate of HIV during
32.
the period 2004 to 2005?

Item22 refers to the following diagram of (A) 0.012%

a neurone in the human nervous systemn.
(B) 0.13%
(C) 12%
(D) 13%
E
29. Which of the following types of neurones
is represented in the diagram?

(A) Inter-neurone
(B) Motor neurone
(C) Sensory neurone
(D) Relay neurone

30. Which of the following conçentrations of

Kand Na' create a resting potential across
an axon membrane?

Inside Axoplasm Outside Axoplasm

(A)High K* Low Na
(B)High K High Na
Low Na*
(CLowK°
(D)Low K High Na

linked to
31. A highly malignant tumour
ultraviolet radiation iss a

(A) sarcoma

(B) melanoma
(C) lymphoma
(D) papilloma

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 10

Item33 refers to the following graph which shows the mortallty rates for a group of men suffering
from lung cancer for the period I950 to 1990.
10 000

1000
5054

4549

40-44
100
1950-54 1955-59 1960-64 1965-69 1970-74 1975-79 1980-34 1985-89

Perlod (yea)

33. Based on the trends observed, ifa group of men ages 60-64 was measured over the same period,
it could be predicted that mortality rates for lung cancer would MOST likely be

the same at 1000 deaths per million

(A)
lower than those for men between ages 40 and 44
(B)
(C) higher than those for men between ages 50 and 54
(D) fluctuating between 400 and 600 deaths per million

34. The role of complement in the immune system is to

release histamines
(A)
(B) enhance phagocytosis
suppress T-helper cells
(C)
release antigens from microbes
(D)

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 11

Item 35 refers to the following diagram of 36. Which of the following is NOT an
immune
an antibody molecule. appropriate definition of the
response?

Involves specific and non-specific

(A)
responses which attempt to
destroy an invading pathogen
(B) Any response of the immune
system to an antigenic stimulus
(C) Adverse effects on the functioning
of the immune system due to
allergens
Involves responses that allow the
(D)
body to distinguish self from
non-self

35. Which of the following combinations 37. A characteristic of memory B-cells is that
correctly identifies the labelled regions?
they
(A) survivea few days in blood plasma,
(B) remain in the blood, tissue fluid and
(A) |Hingeregion Heavy polypeptide lymph for many years
chain
(C) directly reduce the symptoms
(B) Antigen bindingsite Chain of sugar
associated with an infection
molecules
(D) produce many different antibodies
(C)Heavy polypeptide Light polypeptide in response to infection by one
chain chain antigen
(D) Hinge region Variable redgion
 - 12

tem38 refers to the following graphs each showing the level of entibodies
over a period of time
in response to an infection.

Time Te

Time
of a person who contracted
Which of the graphs above BEST represents the immune response
a secondary infection for the same pathogen?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) IV

Monoclonal antibodies are

39.

(A) clones of B-cells grown in culture

(B) agoup of antigens fora particular
disease
(C) malignant cells capable of cloning
themselves

purified antibodies produced in

(D)
response to a specific antigen
 - 13

Item40 refers to the following diagram which

shows a typical pregnaney testing kit.

Absorbent pad te be
molstened with urine Coloured lnes sppear bere
to comfirm pregnaney
40. wnich of the
following complexes is responsible for producing coloured lines
(A) Monoclonal antibody urine complex
-

(B) Monoclonal antibody HCG complex

-

(C) Monoclonal antibody HCG latex complex

-

(D) Monoclonal antibody- latex urine complex

Item41referstothe following table ofBMI 42. Whichofthe following methodsare MOST

values for individuals. to be effective in controlling the
likely
spread of HIV?

Category BMI Range (kg m*) Provision of sterile needles by

I. Underweight 16.5-18. health centres for drug users
I1. Normal 18.6-24 I. Public education programmes
sensitizing pregnant HIV positive
| III. Overweight 25-30 women of the need for medical
IV. Obese 30 advice in reducing the chances of
their babies contracting HIV
Which
41. John is 1.7mtall and weighs 95 kg. Distribution of information on
IV in II.
ofthe categories labelled I, I1, IIl and methods of birth control which
the table BEST describes John? measure of
may also give some
protection against contraction off
(A) HIV
(B)
(C) (A) I and II only
IV I and Ill only
(D) (B)
C) Il and Ill only
(D) I, Il and II

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 -14
following is NOT
Items 4344referto the following diagram 45. Which of thelong-term use of
alcohol?
consequence of
which shows the structure of the humen
immunodeficiency virus (HIV). of brain cells
Dehydration
(A) of n e r v e cells
Demyelination
(B) Impaired nervous transmissions

Q (C) inhibition and impaired

Reduced
(D)
judgement*
P

43. The parts labelled P and S are,

|Reversetranscriptase | RNA
(A) DNA
| (B) Reversetranscriptase

C)RNA polymerase RNA

(D)RNA polymerase DNA

likely be of
would MOST
44. Which part vaccine for the
a
importance in producing
virus?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)

END OFTEST

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