LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Science 8, Quarter 2, Week 2b

ACTIVE AND INACTIVE FAULTS

Name: Section:
Learning Objective

Differentiate active and inactive faults (MELC S8ES-IIa-15)

Sub-tasks:
1. Define faults and earthquakes
2. Identify different kinds of fault.
3. Describe each structure of the fault
Key Concepts

 Active faults are known to have recently generation earthquakes within the
last 10,000 years, and may still continue to generate earthquakes.
 Inactive faults do not show signs of ever having generated an earthquake in
the last 10,000 years, may possibly still generate an earthquake in the future.
o A fault may appear to be inactive, but it may actually generate
earthquakes hundreds of years apart, and may not have moved within
the recorded history of the area around the fault.

Dip is the angle that describes the

steepness of the fault surface. This
angle is measured from Earth's
surface, or a plane parallel to Earth's
surface. The dip of a horizontal fault
is zero (usually specified in degrees:
0°), and the dip of a vertical fault is
90°.
The strike is an angle used to
specify the orientation of the fault
and measured clockwise from north.

The magnitude of slip is simply how far the two sides of

the fault moved relative to one another; it's a distance
usually a few centimeters for small earthquakes and
meters for large events. The direction of slip is measured
on the fault surface, and like the strike and dip, it is
specified as an angle.

Source: http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/faults.html

Author: Eugenio, Carissa A.

School: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: carissa.eugenio@deped.gov.ph
  When rocks are stretched or compressed along the horizon, they break and
form a fault plane at an angle to the horizon. This angle is called the dip, and
because the fault moves or slips along with the dip, these types of faults are
called dip-slip faults.
 Normal faults are kind of dip-slip fault where the block that sits on the fault
plane, called the hanging wall, has moved downward with respect to the
footwall along the dip direction. This type of fault forms when rock or
stretched, and the resulting length of the rock body is longer than the original
unstretched rock.
 Reverse faults are formed when rocks are compressed. In this type of dip-
slip fault, the hanging wall moves up with respect to the foot wall, causing the
length of the rock body to shorten.
 Strike-slip fault formed when rocks are made to shear, they break along the
fault plane that forms in the direction of the shear. It slips in the direction of
the strike, which is the line of intersection between the horizon and planar
surface.
o Left-lateral strike-slip fault, if you were to stand on one block and
look across the fault plane, the opposite block appears to have moved
in your left.
o Right-lateral strike-slip fault, if you were to stand on one block, the
opposite block would be to your right.
 Oblique-slip fault are formed when shearing and compression or tension
combine. These type of faults move along both the dip and strike directions.

Source: http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/faults.html

Author: Eugenio, Carissa A.

School: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: carissa.eugenio@deped.gov.ph
Exercises / Activities

Activity 1: Stick “n” Shake

What you need: Two Rulers and a bit of clay

What to do:

A. Using the clay, attach the rulers’ ends together (how long is the overlap
between rulers?) (Figure 1 shows close up photos of side and top views of
the setup.)

Figure 1. Side view and top view of setup.

B. Hold the rulers as shown in the picture below. Then slowly move your
hands in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 2. Right hand pushes (arrow up) Figure 3. What is stored in the
bent while left hand pulls (arrow down) rulers?

Question 1: What happens when bending becomes too much? Note: If nothing
happens, separate the rulers and re-attach them only slightly.
Answer:

The activity you just performed simulates how rocks bend along a fault. Think of the
rulers as if they were part of the ground. Figure 4 can help you visualize this.

Author: Eugenio, Carissa A.

School: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: carissa.eugenio@deped.gov.ph
Drawing A shows how the rocks look at first. Then energy from inside the Earth
makes the rocks bend (Drawing B). But as mentioned earlier, the rocks along the
fault do not move immediately. Friction keeps them in place.

Question 2: In the activity, what represents friction?

Answer:

When too much bending occurs and the limit is reached, the rocks suddenly snap
(Drawing C). The bent rocks straighten out and vibrate. The vibrations travel in all
directions and people in different places will feel them as a quake. An earthquake is
a vibration of the Earth due to the rapid release of energy

V - Conclusion:
Based on the activity and the picture, describe a fault and an earthquake?

Answer:

Scoring Rubric for Conclusion

2 points Discussions are complete with no misconception.
1 point Discussions are incomplete with minor misconception.
0 point There is no discussion shown.

Activity 2: Know What “Fault” I am!

What you need: Paper and ballpen

What to do:
A. Look at the pictures of faults
B. Identify what type of fault each picture represents
C. Encircle the letter of your choice.

A. Normal A. Normal
Fault Fault
B. Reverse B. Reverse
Fault Fault
C. Strike- C. Strike-
slip slip
fault fault
1. 2.

Author: Eugenio, Carissa A.

School: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: carissa.eugenio@deped.gov.ph
 A.Normal A.Normal
Fault Fault
B. Reverse B. Reverse
Fault Fault
C. Strike- C. Strike-
slip fault slip fault
3. 4.

Guide Questions: Answer these questions on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What can you infer about the different kinds of faults?
2. Based on the pictures as well as your activity 1, what do you think is the
relationship between faults and earthquakes?

Scoring Rubric for Guide Question

2 points Discussions are complete with no misconception.
1 point Discussions are incomplete with minor misconception.
0 point There is no discussion shown.

Activity 3: “Familiarize the Fault”

What you need: paper and ballpen

What to do:

1. Assume that you are a geologists

2. Investigate the different body structures of faults
3. Write your investigation in every picture in a sheet of paper.

Author: Eugenio, Carissa A.

School: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: carissa.eugenio@deped.gov.ph
 1. What kind of faults are represented in each picture?Why do you say so?
2. Define active and inactive faults?

Scoring Rubric
2 points Discussions are complete with no misconception.
1 point Discussions are incomplete with minor misconception.
0 point There is no discussion shown.

Reflection

For many decades, shallow earthquake is a process that produces

displacement across a fault, all shallow earthquakes occur on active faults. Forces
of plate tectonics, it gradually move over, under, and past one another. On the off
chance that this development happens in a populated area, it might cause numerous
deaths and injuries and extensive property damage. Prepare a prototype survival
kit for yourself with supplies to last at least three days. You may write the
materials that you need. What items are on the list? What items should you
not put in your survival kit?
Rubric for Scoring
Task 5 points 3 points 1 point
There are clear ideas and Some ideas are
Ideas are not supported by
Content supported by the supported by the
the concepts.
concepts. concepts.
Generally Attempts to address the
Fully addresses the
Focus addresses the prompt but ideas are not
prompt.
prompt. clear.

Author: Eugenio, Carissa A.

School: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: carissa.eugenio@deped.gov.ph
References for Learners:
Science Learners Material 8- pp.131-132
Pavico, J.M., et.al., Exploring Life Through Science. Phoenix Publishing House.
Copyright 2013, Pp.415-419

http://www.classzone.com/vpg_ebooks/ml_earthscience_na/accessibility/ml_earths
cience_na/page_214.pdf. Accessed last November 1, 2020

Ammon, Charles J. Faults and Faulting. 2019.

http://eqseis.geosc.psu.edu/cammon/HTML/Classes/IntroQuakes/Notes/fa
ults.html. Accessed last November 2, 2020

Author: Eugenio, Carissa A.

School: Surigao del Norte National High School
Division: Surigao del Norte
Email address: carissa.eugenio@deped.gov.ph