GEORGE ORWELL 1984.

1)Based on the data and information from the book from 1984, we saw that as soon as the data was
collected and compared all the corrections that were necessary in a certain issue of 'The Times', that
issue would be reprinted, as well as the original copy destroyed and corrected a copy placed on the files
instead. This process of continuous change was applied not only to newspapers, but also to books,
periodicals, pamphlets, posters, leaflets, films, sound recordings, cartoons, photographs - to any kind of
literature or documentation that could have any political or ideological meaning. importance. Day by
day and almost minute by minute the past was updated. In this way it could be shown by documentary
evidence that every prediction of the Party was correct, nor was any news or any expression of opinion,
which was contrary to the needs of the moment, allowed to remain on the record. The entire history
was cleaned and rewritten as often as necessary. In no case would it be possible, after the deed was
done, to prove that there was forgery. The bulk of the Records Department, far larger than the one in
which Winston worked, consisted simply of persons whose duty it was to find and collect all copies of
books, newspapers, and other documents which had been superseded and which were to be
destroyed. . Numerous 'The Times' that had been rewritten a dozen times due to changes in the political
order or wrong prophecies uttered by Big Brother still stood on the files with the original date, and there
was no other copy to contradict it. The books were also withdrawn and rewritten again and again, and
were always reissued without any acknowledgment that any changes had been made. Even the written
instructions that Winston received, which he always got rid of as soon as he dealt with them, never
stated or implied that an act of forgery was about to be committed: it always referred to slips, mistakes,
misprints, or misquotes that were necessary to correct in the interest accuracy. But really, he thought as
he readjusted the Ministry of Abundance numbers, it wasn't even a forgery. Most of the material they
dealt with had nothing to do with anything in the real world, not even the kind of connection contained
in an outright lie. The statistic in its original version was as much a fantasy as in its corrected version.
Much of the time you were expected to make them up off the top of your head. For example, the
Ministry of Abundance forecast estimated boot production for the quarter at 145 million pairs. The
actual result is given as sixty two million. There were huge printing houses with their sub-editors, their
typographical experts, and their richly equipped photo forgery studios. There was a teleprogram section
with its own engineers, producers and teams of actors specially selected for their voice impersonation
skills. There were armies of clerks whose job it was simply to compile lists of books and periodicals to be
recalled. There were huge warehouses where the corrected documents were stored, and hidden
furnaces where the original copies were destroyed. And somewhere, quite anonymously, there were
masterminds who coordinated the entire effort and set the policy lines that made it necessary to
preserve this fragment of the past, to falsify one and erase the other. And the Records Department,
after all, was just one branch of the Ministry of Truth, whose primary task was not to reconstruct the
past, but to supply the citizens of Oceania with newspapers, movies, textbooks, and so on. This is briefly
about the society that was shown in 1984, which was under political influence.

2. The slogan that was very popular in that period was 'freedom is slavery', when was the concept of
freedom abolished? The entire climate of thought was different in that period. In fact, they were not
thoughts, as we now understand them. The Party did not like people who were too intelligent and who
saw too clearly and spoke too clearly. Those who spoke for things that would be better to remain silent
also ended very tragically. The party controlled everything, absolutely everything. Old, discredited Party
leaders were used to gather there before they were finally purged. The Party's goal in that period was
not only to prevent men and women from creating loyalties that it might not be able to control. Its real,
unstated purpose was to remove all pleasure from the sexual act. It was not so much love as eroticism
that was the enemy, both inside and outside of marriage. All marriages between Party members had to
be approved by a committee appointed for the purpose, and - although the principle was never clearly
stated - permission was always refused if the couple in question gave the impression of physical
attraction. The sole purpose of marriage was to produce children to serve the Party. Intercourse was
supposed to be seen as a somewhat disgusting side operation, like an enema. Again, this was never
clearly stated, but was in an indirect way rubbed into every Party member from childhood onwards. The
Party tried to kill the sexual instinct, or, if it could not be killed, then to distort and dirty it. He didn't
know why that was, but it seemed natural that it was. And as far as women are concerned, the Party's
efforts have been largely successful. The party did not allow divorce, but encouraged separation in cases
where there are no children. They were all impregnable, because the Party intended that they should
be.

3. How does the concept of "doublethink" function in the novel and what role does it play in the
Party?

The primary goal of modern warfare, in accordance with with the principles of DOUBLE THINKING, this
goal is simultaneously recognized and not recognized by the direction of the brains of the Inner Party is
to spend the products machines without raising the general standard of living. A problem since the end
of the nineteenth century what to do with surplus consumer goods was latent in industrial society. At
present, when few human beings have enough food at all, this problem is clearly not urgent, and
perhaps it would not become so, even if there were no artificial processes of destruction. The world
today is a bare, hungry, decrepit place compared to the world that existed before 1914, and even more
so when compared to the imaginary future that the people of that time had. period waited ahead. At
the beginning of the twentieth century, a vision of a future society incredibly rich, casual, orderly and
efficient - a glittering antiseptic world of glass and steel and snow-white concrete — was part of the
consciousness of almost every literate person. Science and technology were developing at an incredible
rate, and it seemed natural to assume that they would continue to develop. This failed to happen, partly
because of impoverishment caused by a long series of wars and revolutions, partly because of scientific
and technical progress depended on empirical habit a thought that could not survive in a strictly
regulated environment society. As a whole, the world today is more primitive than him it was fifty years
ago. Certain backward areas have advanced, and various devices, always connected in some way
warfare and police espionage, were developed, but experiments and inventions largely stopped, and the
devastation of the atomic war of the 1950s was never fully repaired.The social atmosphere is that of a
besieged city, where the possession of a lump of horseflesh makes the difference between wealth and
poverty. And at the same time the consciousness of being at war, and therefore in danger, makes the
handing-over of all power to a small caste seem the natural, unavoidable condition of survival.War, it
will be seen, accomplishes the necessary destruction, but accomplishes it in a psychologically acceptable
way. In principle it would be quite simple to waste the surplus labour of the world by building temples
and pyramids, by digging holes and filling them up again, or even by producing vast quantities of goods
and then setting fire to them.

4. Winston Smith in 1984.

Winston Smith, a man living in the totalitarian state of Oceania. Winston is an employee at the Ministry
of Truth, a department dedicated to the rewriting of texts to fit the current narrative of the ruling
government, the Party. Winston is specifically responsible for altering articles and discarding the old
ones after he is done, effectively erasing history. Throughout the novel, it becomes more and more clear
that Winston is unhappy with his life. He is miserable in his apartment, he's still bitter about his failed
marriage with a woman named Katherine, and he feels like nothing is going correctly. His ultimate desire
is to take down the government by whatever means necessary, hoping to improve the lives of everyone
in Oceania.As he is the main character of the novel, most of the events contributing to the plot revolve
around Winston. Winston's growing aspiration to overthrow the government both fuels him and causes
him to let down his guard. Winston begins a secret relationship with a woman named Julia, a member of
the Inner Party and of the Junior Anti-Sex League. He befriends his coworker O'Brien in hopes that he is
part of the Brotherhood and will help Winston with his goals. He also gets closer to an antique shop
owner named Mr. Charrington, buying illegal goods like a journal from him and eventually renting an
apartment from him to hide out with Julia. Though he believes he is being careful, all of these decisions
eventually lead to Winston's demise near the end of the novel. He learns that O'Brien and Mr.
Charrington were working with the Party all along to catch Winston in the act. He and Julia are captured
and taken to the Ministry of Love to be tortured. In the end, Julia betrays him as well, and he is left with
no choice but to submit to the omnipresent leader of the Party, Big Brother.Winston also has an
incredibly fatalistic outlook on life, which means that he believes his negative fate is predetermined and
inevitable. This leads to very poor judgment. He automatically assumes that he will be caught whenever
he does something bad, and his accepted doom causes him to make even more bad decisions, like
meeting with O'Brien and trusting Mr. Charrington. He believes that his attempts to take down the
government will likely result in failure, and he thinks his relationship with Julia, no matter how good it is,
cannot last. These feelings are in direct opposition to his partner, Julia. She takes pleasure in taking risks,
and finds no deeper meaning behind them. In fact, her entire focus in life is on pleasure, something that
most people in Oceania never experience. Julia often brings up Winston's negative outlook and tries to
change his mind to no avail.

5. George Orwell predicted and described in detail in one part of the book, what we can compare today
with social networks and the media, which since that period unconsciously manipulate people and make
them feel guilty for everything. George Orwell created "Big Brother" and, with it, the perfect metaphor
for Big Tech. Orwell's "telescreens", which cannot be turned off and which record every conversation
and follow every movement of his characters, bear a striking resemblance to our smartphones. And just
as telescreens automatically push programs to their viewers, social media algorithms today decide what
we see and shape our vision of the world. Orwell's heroes, under the supervision of the Party, try to ban
certain ideas from their minds, in a way that resembles how we begin to monitor our thoughts and
actions under the influence of the Internet. Back then, the party was very dominant and forced people
to think the way they wanted.Also, people stopped their activities every day and stand in front of their
telescreens to set fire to their enemies and celebrate Big Brother. Enemies are regularly changed, but
the ritual, called the two-minute hate, is never.The main character is Winston, who fully accepts the rule
of the Party, fully participates in the ritual two-minute hatred. In order to be accepted in society, we
"must" be like Winston, because unfortunately (the Party) society only accepts such people.
6. The Party enforces the use of telescreens throughout society. The telescreens are a type of
surveillance which monitors almost every aspect of the world in which people live in. While being able
to watch your every move, an individual had to be careful not to even have certain thoughts which can
be considered illegal. As the quote in the book states about the main character Winston Smith: "If you
want to keep a secret you must also hide it from yourself. You must know all the while that it is there,
but until it is needed, you must never let it emerge into your consciousness in any shape that could be
given a name. From now onwards, he must not only think right; he must feel right, dream right." A
person who has expressed a difference in opinion, was deemed to be committing a thoughtcrime.

7. Newspeak was the fictional language developed by the Party in order for a greater control of the
population. The form of the language is a completely simplified version of english, in order to supress
the intelligence, free thought and expression of individuals. With the manipulation of language, it
enables the ability of control of society, due to the restrictions of the language. As with newspeak, the
change of historical facts comes to play. The change of history ultimately changes the "truth" of the
world. In the book 2 + 2 = 5. While we know that this is incorrect, the point is if enough of the historical
"truths" are changed and controlled, there comes a new concept of what is true or not.

8. George Orwell's 1984 is one of the most famous examples of a totalitarian government in science
fiction. In the novel, the government of Oceania controls a large section of the world, including Airstrip
One, which used to be the United Kingdom. The government is led by the Party, represented by the
image of Big Brother, and controls the population through a variety of methods including censorship.The
novel's protagonist, Winston Smith, works at the Ministry of Truth, a government agency that alters
records to whatever the government needs them to say. If someone is found to be a dissident and must
be eliminated, for example, all records of that person's existence are altered so it appears they never
existed in the first place.Propaganda and surveillance are pervasive in contemporary society. Extensive
literatures have developed around each. George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is an important point of
reference in both literatures. Orwell takes both propaganda and surveillance to extreme limits: total
surveillance and total propaganda. Writing them large he brings important aspects of each into sharp
relief, which is why his novel has the iconic status that it does for theorists in both literatures. However
Nineteen Eighty-Four is of interest not just for its potential contribution to theorizing about propaganda
or about surveillance. Propaganda and surveillance in the novel are not just accidentally related but
essentially linked. I show how they work not just individually but in tandem in Orwell’s text, playing
complementary roles in an absurd project of total social control directed not just at behaviour but also
thought. Relating propaganda and surveillance in a sustained and systematic reading of the novel
reveals it to be an even richer resource for theorizing about either surveillance or propaganda than it is
when read, as it typically is, with an emphasis on one or the other. Additionally, from a literary
perspective this reading opens up what I believe is a fresh perspective on the novel and makes it more
inviting for a thoughtful and rewarding reread.

9. Totalitarianism is a system of government that is centralized, dictatorial and requires complete

subservience to the state. This is the main idea which the novel opposes. Totalitarianism is a danger to
society which infringes the right to an individual's freedom of speech, choice and the freedom of the
individual in general. Throughout most of the 20th century, the term was used to describe many
opressive forms of government that were deemed totalitarian, thus George Orwell through this
allegorical novel uses the themes of the Party, newspeak and Big Brother as examples of what
totalitarianism can look like. With these fictional examples, it teaches us the importance of our
contribution to society to not let these oppresive situations fall upon us.

10. Explain the concept of Big Brother

Big Brother is a fictional character and symbol in George Orwell's dystopian 1949 novel Nineteen Eighty-
Four. He is ostensibly the leader of Oceania, a totalitarian state wherein the ruling party, Ingsoc, wields
total power "for its own sake" over the inhabitants. In the society that Orwell describes, every citizen is
under constant surveillance by the authorities, mainly by telescreens (with the exception of the Proles).
The people are constantly reminded of this by the slogan "Big Brother is watching you": a maxim that is
ubiquitously on display throughout the novel.

In modern culture, the term "Big Brother" has entered the lexicon as a synonym for abuse of
government power, particularly in respect to civil liberties, often specifically related to mass
surveillance and a lack of choice in society.

In the essay section of his novel 1985, Anthony Burgess states that Orwell got the idea for the name of
Big Brother from advertising billboards for educational correspondence courses from a company called
Bennett's during World War II. The original posters showed J. M. Bennett himself, a kindly-looking old
man offering guidance and support to would-be students with the phrase "Let me be your father."
According to Burgess, after Bennett's death, his son took over the company and the posters were
replaced with pictures of the son (who looked imposing and stern in contrast to his father's kindly
demeanor) with the text "Let me be your big brother".

The idea of Big Brother could be also borrowed from the Soviet Union. There was an ideology of
'brotherly nations' or 'brotherly countries'. Russia presented itself as a big brother who watches over its
younger brothers (other nations). The ideological word 'big brother, or 'older brother' was very well
known and used in the Soviet Republics before and after WWII.

11. 1984 was a novel ahead of it's time, written in 1949, during the reign of the soviet union. While of
course we do not live in the same dystopian society that George Orwell describes in the book, many
characteristics of the book can be applied to today's society. Most notably the surveillance system of
today, with everybody having phones and computers and other types of technology, the ability for our
personal information and lives to be tracked has become easier than ever. Also, with the concept of
newspeak and thoughtcrimes, while the simplification of language hasn't quite occurred, the importance
of educating ourselves and learning of what is the "truth" and what is right or wrong has become crucial,
not letting the endless amount of media of today influence our opinions without us making conscious
decisions on what we believe.

12.

It all started with a look. Winston saw her, he liked her at first sight, but he thought that she, like the
rest of society, was a slave to the system and a subject of the ruling party. Time passed, he became a
bigger and bigger opponent of the system. He wrote against him in his diary, even though it was
forbidden. Not long after that, an unhealing encounter happens, while walking towards him, she
stumbles and falls. Just like in the movies. He helps her up, and at that moment she receives a piece of
paper. At first he was afraid to look at what was written, but he opened it and got an unexpected "I love
you". They arrange their first date in a country where love is practically forbidden. Meeting after
meeting, they revive spiritually, gain more freedom, practically flourish as if they were reborn.
However, everything comes to an end. At the invitation of O'Brian, whom Winston thought was also
against the system, Julia and Winston arrive. They talk about everything. They oppose the system, they
give new ideas on how to beat the system. However, that will turn out to be a big mistake. Julia and
Winston are imprisoned. O'Brian is not actually an opponent of the system, he is their inside player.
They don't kill them, but they drive them crazy to incredible limits. In the end, they were so scared that
they even betrayed each other. The brainwashing goes to such extremes that Winston eventually
begins to love Big Brother.