Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 17

LESSON

INTEGRATION OF
TRIGONOMETRIC
EXPRESSIONS

MATH 14 CALCULUS II

CARAGA STATE UNIVERSITY


Topic Outline

Integrating 𝑚 𝑛
∫ sin 𝑢 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
.

.
Integration of Trigonometric Expressions

We will integrate three of the most common type of


integrals:

1. ∫ sin𝑚 𝑢 cos 𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

. 2. ∫ tan𝑚 𝑢 sec 𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
.

.
𝑚 𝑛
. 3. ∫ cot 𝑢 csc 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
.

.
∫ sin𝑚 𝑢 cos 𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

CASE1. Either 𝑚 or 𝑛 is an odd, positive integer.

• If 𝑚 is odd, factor out sin 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 and change the


remaining even power of sine to powers of cosine
by the trigonometric identity sin2 𝑢 + cos 2 𝑢 = 1.

. • If 𝑛 is odd, factor out cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 and change the


.

.
remaining even power of cosine to powers of sine
.
by the same identity sin2 𝑢 + cos 2 𝑢 = 1.
.

.
CASE 2. Both 𝑚 and 𝑛 are even and positive or zero.

Use the half-angle formula to lower the degree of the


expression

2 1−cos 2𝑢
• sin 𝑢 =
2

.
2 1+cos 2𝑢
. • cos 𝑢 =
. 2
.

.
1. ∫ sin5 x cos 2 x dx FIRST CASE

∫ sin4 x cos 2 x sin x dx


∫ 1 − cos 2 x 2
cos 2 x sin x dx
∫ (1 − 2 cos 2 x + cos 4 x) cos 2 x sin x dx

.
∫ cos 2 x sin x − 2cos 4 x sin x + cos 6 x sin x dx
.

∫ cos 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2cos 4 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ cos 6 𝑥 sin x dx


.

.
∫ cos 2 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2cos 4 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ cos 6 𝑥 sin x dx

𝑢 = cos 𝑥 −𝑑𝑢 = sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2 4 6
∫ 𝑢 −𝑑𝑢 − 2∫ 𝑢 −𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑢 (−𝑑𝑢)
−∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 + 2∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ 𝑢6 𝑑𝑢
.

.
𝑢3 2𝑢5 𝑢7 cos3 𝑥 2 cos 5 𝑥 cos 7 𝑥
.
− + − +𝐶 = − + − +𝐶
. 3 5 7 3 5 7
.

.
𝜋
2 1 1
2. න cos 4
𝑥 sin2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 SECOND CASE
0 2 2

1
𝑢= 𝑥 2𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋
2 1 1
. න cos4 𝑥 sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 4 2
2∫ cos 𝑢 sin u du
. 0 2 2
.

.
2∫ cos 4 𝑢 sin2 u du = 2∫ cos 4 𝑢 sin2 u du

2 1−cos 2𝑢 2 1+cos 2𝑢
• sin 𝑢 = • cos 𝑢 =
2 2

2∫ cos 4 𝑢 sin2 u du = 2∫ cos 2 u 2


sin2 u du
2
1 + cos 2𝑢 1 − cos 2𝑢
.
2න du
.

.
2 2
.

.
2
1 + cos 2𝑢 1 − cos 2𝑢
2න du
2 2

1 1 1 1 − cos 2𝑢
2න + cos 2𝑢 + cos 2 2𝑢 du
4 2 4 2

1 1 1 1 1 1
2න − cos 2𝑢 + cos 2𝑢 − cos 2𝑢 + cos 2𝑢 − cos3 2𝑢 du
2 2
.
8 8 4 4 8 8
.

.
2 2 2 2
න𝑑𝑢 − න cos 2u du + න cos 2u du − නcos2 2u du
8 8 4 4
2 2
+ නcos 2u du − නcos3 2u du
2
8 8

1 1 1 1
න𝑑𝑢 − න cos 2u du + න cos 2u du − නcos2 2u du
4 4 2 2
1 1
+ නcos 2u du − නcos 3 2u du
2
. 4 4
.

𝑑𝑣
.
𝑣 = 2𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
.
2
.
1 1 dv 1 dv 1 2
𝑑𝑣
න𝑑𝑢 − න cos v + න cos v − න cos v
4 4 2 2 2 2 2
1 2
𝑑𝑣 1 3
𝑑𝑣
+ න cos v − න cos v
4 2 4 2

1 1 1 1
න𝑑𝑢 + නcos 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 − නcos v 𝑑𝑣 − නcos3 v 𝑑𝑣
2
4 8 8 8

1 1 1 1 1
. • ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = u + C1 = x + C1 = x + C1
.
4 4 4 2 8
.

1 1 1 1
.
• ∫ cos 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = sin v + C2 = sin 2u + C2 = sin x + C2
. 8 8 8 8
.
1 2 1 1+cos 2𝑣
• − ∫ cos v 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑣 =
8 8 2
1 1 1 1
− ∫ 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ cos 2𝑣 𝑑𝑣
8 2 8 2
1 1 1 1
= − 𝑣 − sin 2v + C3 = − x − sin 2𝑥 + C3
16 32 16 32

1 1
• − ∫ cos v 𝑑𝑣 = − ∫ cos2 𝑣 cos 𝑣 𝑑 =
3
8 8
1 2 1 sin3 v
− ∫ (cos 𝑣 − sin 𝑣 cos 𝑣 )𝑑𝑣 = − sin v + + C4
8 8 24
.
1 sin3 𝑥
.
= − sin 𝑥 + + 𝐶4
. 8 24
.

.
𝜋
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
න cos4 𝑥 sin 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = x + sin x − x − sin 2𝑥
0 2 2 8 8 16 𝜋 32
1 sin3 𝑥 2
− sin 𝑥 + + 𝐶ቤ
8 24 0
𝜋
1 1 sin3 𝑥 2
= x − sin 2𝑥 + อ
16 32 24
0

3
. 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 sin 𝜋/2
= − sin 2 +
.

.
16 2 32 2 24
1 1 sin 0 3 𝜋 1
.
− 0 − sin 2 0 + = +
. 16 32 24 32 24
.
.

.
.

.
.

You might also like