LESSON

INTEGRATION OF
TRIGONOMETRIC
EXPRESSIONS

MATH 14 CALCULUS II

CARAGA STATE UNIVERSITY

 Topic Outline

Integrating 𝑚 𝑛
∫ tan 𝑢 sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
.

.
 𝑚 𝑛
∫ tan 𝑢 sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

CASE 1. 𝑛 is an even positive integer.

• Factor out sec 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 and change the remaining
secants to tangents using trig. identity
sec 2 𝑢 = 1 + tan2 𝑢

.
CASE 2. 𝑚 is an odd positive integer
• Factor out sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 and change the remaining
.

. even power of the tangents to secants, using the

.

.
same trig. identity tan2 𝑢 = sec 2 𝑢 − 1
 sec 4 3𝑥
1. න3 𝑑𝑥 FIRST CASE
tan 3𝑥

𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = 3𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
3

sec 4 3𝑥 1 sec 4 𝑢 1 −
1
න3 𝑑𝑥 = න 3 𝑑𝑢 = න sec 4 𝑢 tan 3 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
tan 3𝑥 3 tan 𝑢 3
.
1 −
1
= න sec 2 𝑢 tan 3 𝑢 sec 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
.

.
3
.
1 −
1
. = න 1 + tan2 𝑢 tan 3 𝑢 sec 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
. 3
 sec 4 3𝑥 1 −
1
න3 𝑑𝑥 = න 1 + tan2 𝑢 tan 3 𝑢 sec 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
tan 3𝑥 3

1 1
−3 1 5
= න tan 𝑢 sec 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 + න tan3 𝑢 sec 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
3 3

𝑣 = tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑣 = sec 2 𝑢 𝑑𝑢

1 1
−3 1 5
= න 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 + න 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣
. 3 3
.
2 8 2 8
.
1 𝑣3 1 𝑣3 tan 3𝑥 3 tan 3𝑥 3
. = + +𝐶 = + +𝐶
. 3 2 3 8 2 8
. 3 3
 𝜋
3
3 2 FIRST CASE OR
2. න tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 dx SECOND CASE
0

නtan3 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 dx = නtan2 𝑥 sec 𝑥 sec x tan x dx

= න sec 2 𝑥 − 1 sec 𝑥 sec x tan x dx

.

= න sec 3 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − sec 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

.

.
 නtan3 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 dx = නsec 3 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − නsec 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑢 = sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= න𝑢3 𝑑𝑢 − න𝑢 𝑑𝑢

𝑢4 𝑢2 sec 4 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥
= − +𝐶 = − +𝐶
4 2 4 2
.

.
𝜋 𝜋
4 2
. 3
3 2 sec 𝑥 sec 𝑥 3
න tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 dx = − + 𝐶ቤ
.
.
0 4 2 0
.
 𝜋 4 𝜋 2 𝜋
3 sec sec sec 4
0 sec 2
0
න tan3 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 dx = 3− 3 − −
0 4 2 4 2
16 4 1 1
= − − −
4 2 4 2

16 4 1 1
= − − −
4 2 4 2
1
. =2− −
. 4
.

9
.
=
. 4
.
 .