7

TLE-AFA-AGRI CROP
PRODUCTION
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Processing Farm Wastes
 What I Need to Know

Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the underlying theories in
processing farm waste.

Performance Standard
The learners shall be able to process farm waste according to set standards.

Learning Competency TLE_AFA APC9- 12PFWIIIi-j-IVa- 9

LO 1. Collect farm waste.
LO 2. Identify and segregate wastes.
LO 3. Treat and process farm wastes.

Learning Objectives
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Identify farm waste.

2. Collect farm waste.
3. Determine the different processes of farm waste production.
 What I Know

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the best answer. Write the
letter of your choice and write it on your test notebook.

1. The following are examples of Green Waste except: A. Dry leaves

B. Empty bottles
C. Old trees
D. Shredded plant parts

2. It refers to all garbage and waste materials generated through normal

production processes. A. Dead stock
B. Pesticide waste
C. Medical waste
D. General farm waste

3. Hazardous waste includes three sub-categories namely, E-waste, toxic

substance and _______.
A. Biomedical waste
B. Wet waste
C. Dry waste
D. Garden waste

4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

A. Dry waste
B. E-waste
C. Wet waste
D. Hazardous waste

5. It consists of kitchen waste including vegetables and fruit peels and

pieces, Egg shells and Bones.
A. E-waste
B. Wet waste
C. Dry waste
D. Biomedical waste

Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but
if not and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.
 Lesson

5 Processing Farm Wastes

Agricultural waste is composed of organic wastes (animal excreta in the form
of slurries and farmyard manures, spent mushroom compost, soiled water
and silage effluent).

This includes the following:

1. Natural waste
2. Animal waste
3. Plant waste

Farm waste is a mixture of animal feces and urine, plus milk and chemicals
such as pesticides. A large quantity of animal waste is generated by
concentrated animal feeding operations and disposal of the waste has been a
major problem.
Good waste management on farms is essential to ensure a healthy, safe and
productive farming enterprise. Farmers, along with all Victorians, have
obligations under legislation to ensure that their wastes do not impact on the
environment. Inappropriate disposal of wastes on farms can cause
contamination and pollution and increase your liability.

What’s In

What is farm waste?

Have you been into a farm? How do farmers keep various wastes in the farm?
 Notes to the Teacher
This contains information that will help you in guiding the
learners on how to recycle materials and to reduce waste in
the community.

What’s New

Give a word/s that best describe the pictures below.

1.

2.
3.

What is It
Modern agricultural waste processing

Agricultural waste recycling is a growth business as more and more

farms and companies turn to alternate ways to process waste products
instead of sending them to landfill. With green waste becoming increasingly
recycled in homes around the world, agriculture is also turning to recycling
methods in order to reduce the amount of waste it has to pay to get rid of.

The waste that farm and other rural businesses produce is often extremely
varied, and initially not so easy to recycle.

Common Farm Wastes

Storage and Disposal of farm wastes
If farm wastes, including dead stock, are managed inappropriately, they can
cause contamination of premises, livestock, inputs and food. The
accumulation of farm waste can also provide habitats and food for pests.

Classifications of farm waste:

• General farm waste- All garbage and waste materials generated
through normal production processes including vegetable culls,
cracked eggs and vegetable and barn wash water.
• Medical waste- Used medical equipment (for example needles), unused
or expired medicated feed, animal health products, packaging and/or
containers.
• Pesticide waste- unwanted pesticides and/or containers.
• Dead stock-it covers all on-farm livestock mortality.

General farm waste

Storage
⚫ locate farm waste storage areas
away from food handling, input
storage and livestock housing
areas to prevent cross-
contamination and avoid
attracting pests.
⚫ Make sure farm waste storage
areas and container are adequate
for the amount of waste generated between disposal times.

⚫ Clean farm waste storage areas

often enough to avoid creating
conditions that can cause
crosscontamination or attract
pests.

⚫ Where possible, use containers

with lids for the storage of far
waste until removal.

Disposal
⚫ Remove farm waste enough and in manner to prevent cross-
contamination and avoid attracting pest

⚫ Dispose of al materials according to municipal by-laws and provincial

regulations.

⚫ If farm can be used by other sector, store and ship the so s not to pose a
food safety hazard. Unless properly sanitized vehicles used for
 transporting farm waste should not be used to transport food products
and farm inputs.

Note: Crops grown on-farm can be fed to livestock housed on the same
farm. Follow pesticide label instruction regarding grazing and feeding crops
to livestock.

Medical waste

Storage

⚫ Store used needs, empty medicine

containers and unwanted or expired
animal health products in rigid, leak-
proof containers and label NON-
HAZARDOUS WASTE (medicine bottles)
or BIOMEDICA WASTE (needs scalpels
and other “sharp” equipment).
⚫
⚫ Disposal
⚫Follow suppliers’’ or
manufacturers’’ instruction for disposal of syringes,
medications and other items as well as outdate medical supplies.

⚫ Another viable disposal option may be your veterinarian. Disposal on your

property or in burn barrels are not desirable disposal option.
⚫ Contact Ministry of Environment at 1-800-663-3456 when disposal
quantities are in excess of 5 kg or 5 liters.
⚫ Make sure medicated feed and water are disposed in a manner that does
not contaminate the environment.

Used Pesticide Containers

Storage
⚫ Fill empty containers with
water to a minimum of one-tenth of
the container size.
⚫ Rinse by recapping the
container and shaking or rolling.
⚫ Empty pesticide container for
storage of other items.
 Disposal

There are three option to dispose of unwanted

pesticides:
1. Return unopened pesticide container to
the dealer before winter.
2. Apply pesticide to another crop specified
on the label.
3. Pay a Hazardous Waste Disposal
Company to Dispose of the pesticide.

Dead Stock
Storage

⚫ Remove, compost or bury all

regular
⚫ Locate dead stock burial pit
and composting site away from:
• Animal housing
• Areas of high livestock or human traffic, and
• Any source of water
Protect all store dead stock
from other livestock, poultry and
predators and away from
public view.

Dead Sheep

Disposal

⚫ Pick up by a provincially licensed Dead stock Pick-up Service

⚫ Composting at least 15m from any water source and 30m from any
source of water used for domestic purposes
⚫ Burial at least 30m from any source of water used for domestic
purposes and pits constructed to prevent pollution.

Treatment of farm waste

Treatment is any function designed to reduce the pollution potential or modify
the physical characteristics of the waste, such as moisture and TS content, to
facilitate more efficient and effective handling. Manure treatment is comprised
of physical, biological, and chemical unit processes. It also includes activities
that are sometimes considered pre-treatment, such as the separation of
solids.
The 3R’s Initiative
The 3R Initiative aims to promote the "3Rs" (reduce, reuse and recycle)
globally so as to build a sound-material-cycle society through the effective use
of resources and materials. It was agreed upon at the G8 Sea Island Summit
in June 2004 as a new G8 initiative. In order to formally launch the 3R
Initiative, it was also agreed to hold a ministerial meeting in Japan in the
spring of 2005.

R1: Reduce
As the name itself suggests, ‘reduce’ means to reduce what is produced and
what is consumed. The idea is that if there is less waste, there will be less to
reuse or recycle. Reducing consumption includes buying and consuming less,
and well, throwing away less.

R2: Reuse
The second ‘R’ in the “Reduce-Reuse-Recycle” hierarchy, reusing is better
than recycling because you don’t have to reprocess products before using
them again.

Reusing items you already have helps you avoid the costs of energy and
other resources required for recycling. Similar to recycling, the decrease in the
need for new materials will benefit the environment and will maintain
materials in the productive economy.
R3: Recycle
Recycling, in simple terms, gives used items or old items a new life. Recycling
is a key component in the hierarchy, and it is about making new things out of
old materials.
With the new products produced through recycling, we can cut back on the
harmful waste that pollutes the
environment as well as saves on
raw materials. Recycling can
contribute to the economy. By
saving on raw materials and
resources, it saves money and
even creates jobs.

Other Methods of
Waste Management
Landfills
Landfills can commonly be
found in developing countries.
Today, throwing garbage in
landfills is the most popular method of waste disposal. The waste or garbage
is buried in the ground. However, using landfills for waste disposal increases
the rate of air and water pollution.

Incineration
In the incineration method, solid wastes are burned at high temperatures and
converted into residue and gaseous products. This method is preferred for
countries that have limited or no landfill space available.

Waste to Energy

Through varying processes,

nonrecyclable waste is converted
into usable heat, electricity, or
fuel. This then becomes a
renewable source of energy,
through such reusable
nonrecyclable waste. Waste to
Energy (WtE) also helps lessen
the need for fossil fuels and
reduce carbon emissions.

Composting
Composting is a natural
biodegradable process that turns
organic wastes into nutrient-rich
food for plants. Even though it is
a slow process, it is one of the
best ways to turn unsafe organic
products into safe compost.

What’s More
Activity 1

A. Write T if the tips in cutting the fabric and transferring sewing lines is
correct and F if it is not correct. Write the answers in your notebook.

_____1. Treatment is any function designed to reduce the pollution potential

or modify the physical characteristics of the waste
_____2. The 3R Initiative aims to promote the "3Rs" (reduce, reuse and
recycle) globally so as to build a sound-material-cycle society through
the effective use of resources and materials.

_____3. Among the three R’s, reducing is the least effective in terms of
producing less waste as well as saving resources.
_____4. Reusing is better than reducing because you don’t have to reprocess
products before using them again.
_____5. Recycling gives used items or old items a new life.

Activity 2

A. Direction: Write a paragraph about the lesson presented on how

to store and dispose properly the following farm wastes:

1. General Farm Waste

____________________________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________________________________
______ ______________________________________________.
2. Medical Waste
____________________________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________________________________
______ ___________________________________________.

3. Used Pesticide Containers

____________________________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________________________________
______ ____________________________________________.

4. Dead Stock Waste

____________________________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________________________________
______
____________________________________________________________________________
______ ___________________________________________.
 B. Scoring Rubrics
Score 15 10 5 SS TS

Quality Able to make high Able to make Able to make

quality of recycled good quality of recycled wastes
farm waste recycled farm regardless of
wastes the quality
Quantity Able to make 5 Able to make (3- Able to make
recycled farm waste 4) out 5 recycled (1-2) out of 5
waste recycled wastes
Creativity Creatively make Creatively make Creatively make
recycled farm waste 3-4 recycled only 1-2
farm wastes recycled farm
wastes

Legend:
PS- Perfect Score TS- Teacher’s Score SS- Student’s Score

C.

Instruction: Proceed to your neighboring small farms and

pick/collect 10 samples of farm wastes. Identify the
classifications. Take photo in every farm waste and paste it in
a separate album for additional output.

What I Have Learned

Generalize the topic by asking the following questions:
1. Is it necessary to manage farm waste appropriately? Why?
2. What the classifications of farm waste?
3. What are the ways in treating farm waste?

Farm Wastes Classifications of farm waste

1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

What I Can Do
Task 1
Direction: Proceed to your neighbor’s backyard and pick/collect 10 samples of
farm wastes. Classify the collect farm waste. Take photo of every farm waste
and paste it in a separate album for additional output. Please use PPEs in
such as gloves in collecting farm waste. Use the table below in classifying.

Rubrics

Score 15 10 5 SS TS

Quality Able to make high Able to make Able to make

quality of recycled good quality of recycled wastes
farm waste recycled farm regardless of
wastes the quality
Quantity Able to make 5 Able to make (3- Able to make
recycled farm waste 4) out 5 recycled (1-2) out of 5
waste recycled wastes
 Creativity Creatively make Creatively make Creatively make
recycled farm waste 3-4 recycled only 1-2
farm wastes recycled farm
wastes

Legend:

PS- Perfect
Score TS-
Teacher’s
Score
SS- Student’s
Score

Assessment

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

Direction: Read each item carefully and choose the best answer. Write the
answers in your notebook.

1. The following are examples of Green Waste except: A. Dry

leaves
B. Empty bottles
C. Old trees
D. Shredded plant parts

2. It refers to all garbage and waste materials generated

through normal production processes. A. Dead stock
B. Pesticide waste
C. Medical waste
D. General farm waste

2. Hazardous waste includes three sub-categories namely, E-waste, toxic

substance and _______.
A. Biomedical waste
B. Wet waste
C. Dry waste
D. Garden waste

3. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?

A. Dry waste
B. E-waste
C. Wet waste
D. Hazardous waste

4. It consists of kitchen waste including vegetables and fruit peels and

pieces, Egg shells and Bones. A. E-waste
B. Wet waste
C. Dry waste
D. Biomedical waste
 Additional Activities

Answer the following questions based on your understanding.

1. What are the classifications of farm wastes?
2. Give the 3Rs in waste hierarchy.
3. What are common examples of general farm wastes?
4. Why is it essentially to recycle/process farm wastes?

Rubrics
5 4 3 2 1 Score

Comprehensive Well Well written Weak poorly

/Analytical written/includ but lacks essay/lack written/bar
(strong and es some balance organization/ ely
extensive analysis (with (acceptable no analysis addresses
answer) strong answer) with limited (simple with question
answer) little answer) (with factual
errors)
Answer Key