Marking Scheme

1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. B
7. D
8. B
9. B
10. D
11. D
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. B
16. D
17. A
18. D
19.
For zero order reaction [R]=[R]0−kt
For completion of the reaction [R] = 0
∴t = [R]0k

20. An increase in temperature typically increases the rate of reaction. An increase in

temperature will raise the average kinetic energy of the reactant molecules. Therefore, a
greater proportion of molecules will have the minimum energy necessary for an
effective collision

Or

21.
Rate of reaction Rate constant of reaction
It is the speed average the reaction It is constant of proportionality in the
are converted into the product at any rate law expression.
moment of time.

It generally decreases with progress It is constant and doesn’t depend on

of reaction. the progress of the reaction.

22. a) 1st order

b) 2nd order

23. According to integrated law of rate:-

 k=(2.303log10[A]/[A]o)/t
where [A]o is at t=0
the concentration of reactant falls to [Ao]/2 at t1/2
∴t=t1/2
[A]=Ao/2
∴ Equation for first order can be written as:-
k=(2.303log10 2[A]o/[A]o)/t
t1/2=(0.693)/k
24. The reaction which appears to be second order behaves as first order reaction is called
pseud order reaction.
Ex : C12H22O11 + H2O → C6H12O6(Glucose) + C6H12O6(Fructose)
25. The sum of powers of the concentration of the reactants in the rate law expression is
called the order of that chemical reaction.
26.
(i) Order of a reaction :

• It is the sum of powers of molar concentrations of reacting species in the rate

equation of the reaction.
• It may be a whole number, zero, fractional, positive or negative.
• It is experimentally determined.
• It is meant for the reaction and not for its individual steps.
(ii) Activation energy of a reaction: The minimum extra amount of energy absorbed by the
reactant molecules to form the activated complex is called activation energy.
27.

28. Since the reaction is of the first order

29. In a first order reaction, the rate of reaction, is directly proportional to the
concentration of the reactant.
Let us consider the reaction,
A → Products
The instantaneous reaction rate can be expressed as:

If t = 0 and [A] = [A]0, where [A]0 is the initial concentration of the reactant.
Then equation (ii) becomes
-ln[A]0 = I ……………. (iii)
Substitute the value of I in equation (ii)
-ln[A] = Kt – ln[A]
ln[A]0 – ln[A] = Kt
This is called integrated rate equation for the first order reaction.
Or

30.
(a) In order that the reactants may change into products, they have to cross an energy
barrier as shown in the diagram

This diagram is obained by plotting potential energy vs. reaction coordinate. It is believed
that when the reactant molecules absorb energy, their bonds are loosened and new bonds
are formed between them. The intermediate complex thus formed is called activated
complex. It is unstable and immediately dissociates to form the stable products.
 (b) For the first order reaction

31.
(i) 230.3 s

• (ii) 990 s

• (iii) 24.086 min

(iv)

32. (i) t1/2 = 69.3 s

For first order reaction,
k=0.693/t1/2=0.693/69.3=0.01 s−1
(ii) For the given reaction,
Initial pressure Final
pressure A(g)⟶ΔP(g)0.40.4−0.36+Q(g)+R(g)00.3600.3600.36A(g)⟶ΔP(g)+Q(g)+
R(g) Initial pressure 0.4000 Final pressure 0.4−0.360.360.360.36
Total pressure = (0.4 - 0.36) + (3 x 0.36) = 1.12 atm
(iv) slope = -k.
33. It is given that T1 = 298 K
Therefore,
= 308 K
We also know that the rate of the reaction doubles when temperature is
increased by .
Therefore, let us take the value of and that of
Also,
Now, substituting these values in the equation:

We get:

.
(b) The collision frequency is defined as the average rate at which two reactants
collide in the given system. The number of collisions per second per unit volume
of the reaction mixture is known as collision frequency.
Or

Here,

It is known that,

Therefore, of will remain after 10 years.

Again,

Therefore, of will remain after 60 years.

34. In the given case:

T = 581 K

Now, the fraction of molecules of reactants having energy equal to or greater

than activation energy is given as:

In

=18.8323
Now, x = Anti log (18.8323)
= Anti log

Or
Let the order of the reaction with respect to A be x and with respect to B be y.

Therefore, ]
……….(i)
……….(ii)
…………(iii)
Dividing equation (i) by (ii), we obtain
 y=0
Dividing equation (iii) by (ii), we obtain

= 1.496
= 1.5 (approximately)
Hence, the order of the reaction with respect to A is 1.5 and with respect to B is
zero.

35. The decomposition of on platinum surface is represented by the

following equation.

Therefore,
However, it is given that the reaction is of zero order.

Therefore,
Therefore, the rate of production of is

And, the rate of production of is

.
Or
Let the order of the reaction with respect to A be x and with respect to B be y.
Therefore, rate of the reaction is given by,

According to the question,

 ………(i)
……….(ii)
……….(iii)
……….(iv)
Dividing equation (iv) by (i), we obtain

x=1
Dividing equation (iii) by (ii), we obtain

y=2
Therefore, the rate law is

From experiment I, we obtain

From experiment II, we obtain,

From experiment III, we obtain

From experiment IV, we obtain

Therefore, rate constant, k =