Quiz#1

Question#1
Dumb cane
It Improves Indoor Air Quality
According to a recent study, indoor air can be as polluted as outdoor air and can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea,
and allergies. Polishes, glues, fire retardants, and paints release VOCs like acetone, benzene, formaldehyde, and
toluene inside the home. You can reduce the harmful effects of these VOCs by having proper ventilation and
growing air-purifying plants like a dumb cane in your home or office. This houseplant can reduce toxic compounds
like xylene and toluene–one of the best dieffenbachia benefits. Toluene can cause weakness, insomnia, exhaustion,
and some severe problems like kidney and liver damage, as per the United States Department of Labor.
Best CO2 Absorbing Plant
According to a Malaysian study, dieffenbachia can absorb carbon dioxide efficiently. It topped the list that included
indoor plants like pothos, spider plants, and anthurium. The initial CO2 was 436 ppm in the test, which was reduced
to 332 ppm after the final reading.
Medicinal Plant
Apart from the ornamental look, Dieffenbachia seguine possesses medicinal benefits. In tropical America, sap is
used to cure warts and tumors.
Keeps Dry Air in Check
This upright, broad-leaved houseplant, with large variegated foliage, not only purifies indoor air but also keeps the
home cool in summer with a transpiration rate of 7. Grow 3-4 plants in a large room for the best result.
Foxglove
Foxglove is used for congestive heart failure (CHF) and relieving associated fluid retention (edema); irregular
heartbeat, including atrial fibrillation and “flutter;” asthma; epilepsy; tuberculosis; constipation; headache; and
spasm. It is also used to cause vomiting and for healing wounds and burns.
Aconite
Aconite is also used as a disinfectant, to treat wounds, and to promote sweating. Some people apply aconite to
the skin in liniment as a “counterirritant” for treating facial pain, joint pain, and leg pain (sciatica).
Pong Pong
 Medicinal uses for the oil include treating itches, rheumatism, the common cold and as hair oil that doubled up as
insect repellent. According to Corners, the fruits are poisonous and native medicinal uses are made of the bark,
leaves and oil extracted from the seeds. 
Oleander
Oleander is used for heart conditions, asthma, epilepsy, cancer, painful menstrual periods, leprosy, malaria,
ringworm, indigestion, and venereal disease; and to cause abortions.
A fixed combination of oleander leaf powdered extract, pheasant's eye fluid extract, lily-of-the-valley fluid extract,
and squill powdered extract has been used for treating mild heart failure. Oleander is sometimes applied to the skin
to treat skin problems and warts.
Hemlock

 swollen glands or other glandular swellings that are hard

 promotes lymphatic movement
  pain and swelling from injuries

 vertigo and dizziness

 headaches with lancinating pains

 mental or emotional exhaustion

 gouty or rheumatic pains

 debility or tremulous weakness

Deadly nightshades
It could be used to treat a variety of ailments such as neuralgias, whooping cough, scarlet fever, spasmodic
asthma, intestinal cramps and to dilate the pupil of the eyes. Given the common occurrence of intestinal
complaints, it was frequently used as an antispasmodic to treat diarrhea.
Arsenic
Some forms of arsenic are used as medicine. Despite serious safety concerns, arsenic is often used as a part of
extremely diluted homeopathic remedies that are used for digestive disorders, food poisoning, sleep problems
(insomnia), allergies, anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Polonium-210
By taking advantage of its high radioactivity, Po-210 has been used in three predominant applications: as a static
eliminator, as a heat/energy source, and as a neutron source when combined with a low atomic weight element.
Cyanide
In manufacturing, cyanide is used to make paper, textiles, and plastics. It is present in the chemicals used to develop
photographs. Cyanide salts are used in metallurgy for electroplating, metal cleaning, and removing gold from its ore.
Cyanide gas is used to exterminate pests and vermin in ships and buildings. In the body, cyanide in small
amounts can also combine with another chemical to form vitamin B12, which helps maintain healthy nerve and
red blood cells.
Quiz#2
Question#2
The following steps are general and indicative, and can be adjusted, if appropriate, to bring about the desired result:

Organizing a working group

Insure appropriate representation of workers and employers, and integrate all required expertise. Include those
directly involved in using/producing the substance (technicians, workers). Make a work plan with well-defined roles
for all stages. Take measures to ensure an efficient information flow between the group, the rest of the company and
its stakeholders. Maintain a collaborative, open–minded atmosphere.

Defining the problem

List the substances to be substituted. Be clear on why you make these choices. Prioritize substitution according to
legal provisions, company policy and stakeholder perspective. Define the function that a substance has and how it is
integrated in the rest of the process/product. List the required conditions for this function to perform adequately
(temperature, acidity, pressure, chemical compatibility, etc.,). An alternative should fit these conditions, or the
system/product will need to be changed, to a greater or lesser degree. Define what quality the substance gives to the
process or to the final product. If that quality is not actually necessary needed (e.g. some commercial attributes) the
substance may be eliminated. Otherwise, an alternative is needed.
Setting substitution criteria
Set criteria for selecting possible alternatives. Initially, fewer (pre)screening criteria may be used. This would
eliminate at an early stage those alternatives that are not safe enough CMRs and substances of equivalent concern,
such as endocrine disruptors, also sensitizers or neurotoxicants should not be chosen as alternatives [5]. Other criteria
may be added to differentiate between alternatives that have passed the screening criteria. Cost, availability on the
local market, and other advantages may be considered.

Searching for alternatives

Solutions may be found inside the company. Searching other sources is also important. Alternatives already
developed and implemented may lower innovation costs and risks. Internet sources, official reports, supplier chain,
professional or sectorial associations or authority representatives may provide useful information. Another approach
is to ask the supplier to formulate a safer alternative. Some companies offer support in selecting the right product, or
may even be willing to reformulate the initial one (especially for important clients).

Assessing and comparing alternatives

Assess all alternatives using the same method or tool to allow for comparison. Select those alternatives that best fit
the nature and dimension of the problem and that provide indeed an overall risk reduction.

Experimenting on pilot scale

Try substitution on a smaller scale to see if it lives up to expectations in terms of safety, technical and environmental
performance. Compare costs against those initially forecast, and estimate if feasible when transposed at full scale.

Implementing, re-evaluating
Plan carefully for full-scale implementation. Evaluate the risks (see also: Risk management tools for dangerous
substances) and take appropriate measures. Review as necessary the supply chain, training needs, monitoring (see
also: Monitoring, sampling and analysis of airborne dangerous substances), and other procedures.