KINSHIP,

MARRIAGE,
and
HOUSEHOLDS
What for you is the symbol of blood?

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 KINSHIP
❑ The bond of blood or marriage which binds people
together in groups.
❑ Kinship system includes socially recognized
relationships based on supposed as well as actual
genealogical ties. These relationships are the result
of social interaction and recognized by society.
- Dictionary of Anthropology
Types of Kinship
Affinal Kinship
Relationships based upon marriage or cohabitation
between collaterals (people treated as the same
generation)
Consanguineous Kinship
Connections between people that are traced by blood
KINSHIP BY
BLOOD
 Descent Systems
Kinship is reckoned in a number of different ways around the world, resulting
in a variety of types of descent patterns and kin groups. Anthropologists
frequently use diagrams to illustrate kinship relationships to make them
more understandable.
 Descent Systems
In kinship diagrams, one individual is usually labeled as ego. This is the
person to whom all kinship relationships are referred. In the case below
on the right, ego has a brother (Br), sister (Si), father (Fa), and mother (Mo).
Note also that ego is shown as being gender nonspecific--that is, either male
or female.
 Unilineal Descent
.

This traces descent only through a

single line of ancestors, male or
female. Both males and females are
members of a unilineal family, but
descent links are only recognized
through relatives of one gender
Two Basic Forms of
Unilineal Descent
 Patrilineal Descent
Both males and females belong to their father's kin group but not their
mother's. However, only males pass on their family identity to their
children. A woman's children are members of her husband's patrilineal line.
The red people in the diagram below are related to each other patrilineally.
 Matrilineal Descent
The form of unilineal descent that follows a female line. When using this
pattern, individuals are relatives if they can trace descent through females
to the same female ancestor. While both male and female children are
members of their mother's matrilineal descent group, only daughters can
pass on the family line to their offspring. The green people below are related
to each other matrilineally.
 Bilineal Descent
When both patrilineal and matrilineal descent
principles are combined
What does triangle symbolizes in the descent system?

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Only males pass on their family identity to their children.

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Connections between people that are traced by blood

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Symbol for either male or female in the descent systems

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The person to whom all kinship relationships are referred.

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Connections between people that are traced by blood

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What does triangle symbolizes in the descent system?

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The person to whom all kinship relationships are referred.

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KINSHIP BY
MARRIAGE
 MARRIAGE
is an institution that admits men and women to family life.
as the more or less durable connection between male and female
lasting beyond the mere act of propagation till after the birth of
offspring. (Edward Westermarck)
it as a relatively permanent bond between permissible mates. ( Lowie)
a contract for the production and maintenance of children. (Malinowski)
consists of the rules and regulations that define the rights, duties and
privileges of husband and wife with respect to each other. ( Lundberg )
 MONOGAMY

is the practice of having only one

spouse at one time. In some cases,
monogamy means having only one
spouse for an entire life span.
Social monogamy Genetic monogamy
Two persons/creatures Two partners that only
that live together, have have offspring with one
sex with one another, and another.
cooperate in acquiring
basic resources such Marital monogamy
as food, clothes, and Marriages of only two
money. people.
Serial monogamy
Sexual monogamy A series of relationships.
Two persons/creatures One person has only one
that remain sexually partner at a time, and then
exclusive with one another moves on to another partner
and have no outside sex after severing the
partners. relationship with the first
 POLIGAMY

is a Greek word meaning "The practice of

multiple Marriage". It is a marriage pattern in
which an individual is married to more than one
person at a time.
Ex:Muslims
Polygyny
is the practice of
one man having
more than one
wife or sexual
partner at a time. Polyandry
involves one
woman having
multiple
husbands
Two persons/creatures that remain sexually exclusive with
each other and have no outside sex partners

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Involves one woman having multiple husbands

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Two persons/creatures that live together, have sex with one
another, and cooperate in acquiring basic resources such as
food, clothes, and money.

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RESIDENCE
PATTERN
 4 Major Residence Patterns

Neolocal Residence Patrilocal Residence

This is where the is most commonly used with
herding and farming
couple finds their own societies.
house, independent It’s where the married couple
from all family lives with the husband’s
members father’s family
 4 Major Residence Patterns
Matrilocal
Residence
is most familiar among
horticultural groups. It’s
where the couple moves to
live where the wife grew
up; usually found with
matrilineal kinship systems.
Avunculocal
Residence
is also related in matrilineal
societies however in this case the
couple moves to live with the
husband’s mother’s brother. They
live with the most significant
man, his uncle, because it’s who
they will later inherit everything
from.
RITUAL
KINSHIP
 COMPADRAZGO
Ritual kinship in the form of godparenthood
Parents selected godparents for a child at his or her baptism, confirmation,
and marriage. The godparents were then tied to the parents as co-parents.
Ideally co-parents should be a married couple;
- they were preferred because their unions were typically more stable and they
were more likely to be able to provide a home for the child should the need arise.
In most communities, however, there were not enough couples so single women
of good reputation were frequently chosen.
It was important that the person asked should be of proper character and good
standing in the community.
FAMILY AND THE
HOUSEHOLD

Nuclear Family
A family consisting of a married
man & woman and their
biological children.
Conditionally Separated
Families
A family member is separated
from the rest of the family.
This may be due to employment
far away; military service;
incarceration; hospitalization.
They remain significant members
of the family.
Extended Family
A family where Grandparents or
Aunts and Uncles play major roles
in the children’s upbringing.
These family members may be in
addition to the child’s parents or
instead of the child’s parents.
Transnational family
These families live in more than
one country. They may spend part
of each Philippines on year in
their country of origin returning to
the a regular basis. The child may
spend time being cared for by
different family members in each
country
This is where the couple finds their own house, independent
from all family members

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They live with the most significant man, his uncle, because
it’s who they will later inherit everything from.

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These families live in more than one country.

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A family member is separated from the rest of the family.
This may be due to employment far away; military service;
incarceration; hospitalization. They remain significant
members of the family.

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 KINSHIP
POLITICS
 Kinship Politics
commonly found in tribal societies across the world where kin
genealogy is applied to determine the system of communal
leadership. It is the traditional pattern of bequeathing political power
family members.
Kinship politics is built based on the classic political principle:
blood is thicker than water. It asserts that power should be
distributed among family members.
For the sake of family security, power should not be seized from
those who have kinship connections and must be circulated only
among those who are tied by blood
 Kinship Politics
Political dynasties have long been present in the Philippine political
structure.
Political dynasties started emerging after the Philippine Revolution
when the First Republic of the Philippines was established. Over the
years, newer dynasties emerged as some of the initial ones became
inactive. Majority of the positions in the Philippine government are
currently held by members of political dynasties.
Notable Philippine political dynasties include the Aquino and Marcos
families.