A^_CAM EOVOYARA\AM EO@_AYBA

LOMBAM YOGADA

J`oc4

Eo`jgpje ?
1.  Horrj ^ksna ^kmly Yjsa`ka ( 961;188611? )
9.  Iagiamb Oej Vurdjej \coio ( 961;18861<3 )
>.  ^ahrkla Arkamtk ( 961;18861>> )

VYJBYAG ^\_LK ^1 EOVOYARA\AM

HAE_@\A^
HAE_@\A^ K@G_ EO^OCA\AM
_MKXOY^K\A^ G_CAGGLK[AC ^_YAIA[A
9696

1
 

EA\A VOMBAM\AY

Assa`agua`akeug wr.wi
Vudk syueur eagk pamdateam eo calkrat A``ac ^uicamacuwataΌa`a, earoma
 ioreat racgat-Mya eagk iksa gomyo`osakeam tubas ‐Asucam Eoporawatam Eo`uarba
Lombam Yogada‗.
Yogada‗. Gaea`ac kmk lkadueam buma gogomuck tubas gata eu`kac

eoporawatam eo`uarba.
Eagk gombunapeam torkga easkc eopala sogua pkcae yamb to`ac gogiamtu
sockmbba gaea`ac kmk lapat lkso`osakeam topat pala waetumya. Gaea`ac kmk gaskc
 dauc lark sogpurma, j`oc earoma ktu, erktke lam saram yamb iorskhat gogiambum
sambat eagk carapeam logk sogpurmamya gaea`ac kmk. ^ogjba gaea`ac
gae a`ac kmk
gogiorkeam kmhjrgask iabk gasyaraeat lam iorgamhaat umtue pombogiambam
wawasam lam pomkmbeatam k`gu pombotacuam iabk ekta sogua.

^uraiaya, 69 Losogior 9696

Eo`jgpje ?

9
 

LAH\AY K^K 

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IAI 1 VOMLAC_@_AM 

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ugusam Gasa`ac ......................................................................................................

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ohkmksk Yogada ..........................................................................................................

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acap Voreogiambam Yogada ......................................................
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araetorkstke Voreogiambam Yogada ........................................................................ 2
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ubas Voreogiambam Vala Gasa Yogada .............................................................. 11
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LAH\AY V_^\AEA .................................................................................................. >8 

IAI 1
VOMLAC_@_AM

1.1.  @atar Io`aeamb

Eo`uarba lombam amae uska rogada lkgu`ak saat amae ioruska 1> tacum lam
 ioraeckr sagpak uska 1;-96 tacum, pala saat amae gomkmbba`eam jramb
tuamya(Cargjej, 9619). Yogada gorupaeam sa`ac satu tacap poreogiambam

gamuska yamb gogk`kek earaetorkstke yamb ioriola ik`a lkiamlkmbeam lombam tacap
 poreogiambam `akmmya, earoma pala tacap kmk sosojramb gomba`agk pora`kcam lark
gasa amae-amae eo lowasa. Gasa rogada ala`ac gasa lkgama tordalkmya erksks
klomtktas atau pomnarkam klomtktas lkrk. Earaetorkstke pskejsjska` rogada yamb solamb
 iorprjsos umtue gomnark klomtktas lkrk kmk sorkmb gomkgiu`eam iamyae gasa`ac pal
palaa
lkrk rogada. \ramsksk lark gasa amae-amae lkgama so`akm gmokmbeatmya eosalaram
lkrk (so`h njmsnkjusmoss) tordalk duba poruiacam sonara hkske, ejbmktkh, sjska` gaupum
ogjskjma` pala rogada sockmbba rogada nomlorumb gomba`agk poruiacam ogjsk eo
arac yamb mobatkh gomdalk gulac garac, torskmbbumb iaceam abroskh. Voruiacam-
 poruiacam earaetorkstke pala gasa rogada torsoiut, lktagiac lombam haetjr-haetjr

<
 

oestorma` soportk eogksekmam, pj`a asuc yamb tklae ohoetkh lam bambbuam gomta`
 pala jramb tua lkprolkesk soiabak pomyoiai tkgiu`mya gasa`ac-gasa`ac rogada
(Vkamta, 966? la`ag ^amtrjne, 9662).
Gasa`ac yamb sorkmb tordalk pala eo`uarba lombam amae uska rogada
lkamtaramya eurambmya pombotacuam tomtamb eosocatam ropljluesk ,eocagk`am tklae
lkkmbkmeam, aijrsk, poreawkmam lam eocagk`am lkmk, lam pomyaekt gomu`ar soesua`

(Guecatki, 9616). Gasa`ac yamb tordalk lk kmljmoska sa`ac satumya soes ioias,
eawkm lk uska gula, go`aeueam cuiumbam soesua` pra mkeac, sorta torkmhoesk CKX
lam AKL^. Gomurut lata cask` pomo`ktkam Lopeos lk 1< ejta iosar (Golam, Daearta
Vusat, Iamlumb lam ^uraiaya) >;,; rogada gombaeu pormac go`aeueam cuiumbam
soesua` (IEEIM, 9619).
Iorlasaream Ialam Vusat ^tatkstke, pomlulue pala tacum 961? gomumdueeam
 iacwa dug`ac rogada (uska 16-9< tacum) lk Kmljmoska gomnapak `oikc lark 88 duta
 dkwa atau 9?% lark dug`ac pomlulue Kmljmoska 99? duta. Artkmya 1 lark sotkap <
jramb pomlulue Kmljmoska ala`ac rogada (Ialam Vusat ^tatkstke, 9613). Cask` somsus
Ialam Vusat ^tatkstke Dawa \ombac tacum 9618 dug`ac pomlulue iorugur 16-9<
tacum soiosr 3.928.618 dkwa lark ><.61;.6;? dkwa gomurut eo`jgpje ugur. ^oektar

9?% lark dug`ac pomlulue lk Dawa \ombac ala`ac pomlulue iorugur 16-9< tacum.
^olambeam somsus lark Ialam Vusat ^tatkstke tacum 961? pomlulue ugur 1?- 1<
tacum soiosar ?<.>;2 dkwa lark <88.<6? dkwa atau soektar 11,?% pomlulue (Ialam
Vusat ^tatkstke, 9613).
Voram porawat la`ag asucam eoporawatam eo`uarba lombam tacap amae uska
rogada ala`ac gogiamtu eo`uarba umtue gomyo`osakeam gasa`ac eosocatam lombam
nara gomkmbeateam eosambbupam eo`uarba go`aeueam humbsk lam tubas porawatam
eosocatam eo`uarba, sockmbba eo`uarba lapat go`aeueam prjbrag asucam eosocatam
sonara gamlkrk, lam gasa`ac yamb tkgiu` iksa toratask.

1.9.  Yugusam Gasa`ac

1.  Apa lohkmksk rogada: 
9.  Iabakgama tubas poreogiambam rogada:  
>.  Iabakgama tubas poreogiambam eo`uarba lombam amae rogada:  
<.  Iabkagama Asucam Eoporawatam pala eo`uarba lombam amae rogada:  

1.>.  \uduam
1.>.1.  \uduam _gug
Gacaskswa gagpu gogiuat asucam eoporawatam eo`uarba sosuak lombam
gasa`ac eosocatam yamb tordalk pala eo`uarba lombam amae rogada.
1.>.9.  \uduam Ecusus

?
 

Gacaskswa gagpu 4
a)  Gomyoiuteam lohkmksk eo`uarba lombam amae rogada.
 i)  Gomdo`aseam tubas-tubas poreogiambam eo`uarba lombam amae rogada.
n)  Gomdo`aseam asucam eoporawatam pala eo`uarba lombam amae rogada.

IAI 9
\KMDA_AM V_^\AEA

9.1  Lohkmksk Yogada

Kstk`ac alj`osnomno atau rogada iorasa` lark eata `atkm alj`osnomno (eata
 iomlamya alj`osnomta yamb iorartk rogada) yamb iorartk tugiuc gomdalk lowasa.
Alj`osnomno artkmya iorambsur-ambsur gomudu eogatambam sonara hkske, aea`,
eodkwaam lam sjska` sorta ogjskjma`. Ca` kmk gombksyarateam eopala caekeat ugug,
yaktu iacwa portugiucam tklae iorpkmlac lark satu haso eo haso `akmya sonara tkia-
tkia, totapk portugiucam ktu ior`ambsumb sotacap logk sotacap (A`-Gkbcwar, 9668).

9.9  \acap Voreogiambam Yogada

Gomurut ^arwjmj (9668) ala > tacap poreogiambam rogada la`ag prjsos
 pomyosuakam lkrk gomudu lowasa 4 
a.  Yogada Awa` (Oar`y Alj`osnomno)
^ojramb rogada pala tacap kmk ioruska 16-19 tacum gaskc torcoram „ coram
coram
aeam poruiacam-poruiacam yamb tordalk pala tuiucmya somlkrk lam ljrjmbam-

8
 

ljrjmbam yamb gomyortak poruiacam-poruiacam ktu. Goroea gombogiambeam

 pkekram-pkekram iaru, nopat tortarke pala `awam domks, lam gulac torambsamb
sonara orjtks. Lombam lkpobamb iacumya sada j`oc `awam domks, ka sulac
 iorhamtask orjtke. Eopoeaam yamb ior`oikc-`oikcam kmk lktagiac lombam
 ioreurambmya eomla`k torcalap ‐obj‗. Ca` kmk gomyoiaieam para rogada awa`
su`kt lkgombortk jramb lowasa.
 
 i. Yogada Galya (Gkll`o Alj`osnomno) 
\acap kmk ioruska 1>-1? tacum. Vala tacap kmk rogada sambat gogiutuceam
eawam-eawam. Ka somamb ea`au iamyae togam yamb gomyueakmya. Ala
eonomlorumbam ‐‐marastkn‗, yaktu gomnkmtak lkrk somlkrk, lombam gomyueak togam-
marastkn‗, togam-
togam yamb gogpumyak skhat-skhat yamb saga lombam lkrkmya. ^o`akm ktu, ka
 iorala la`ag ejmlksk eoikmbumbam earoma ka tklae tacu carus gogk`kc yamb
gama4 poea atau tklae polu`k, ragak-ragak atau somlkrk, jptkgks atau poskgks,
kloa`ks atau gotorka`ks, lam soiabakmya. Yogada prka carus gogioiaseam lkrk
lark Jolkpjos Njgp`ox (porasaam nkmta pala kiu somlkrk pala gasa eamae-
eamae) lombam gogpororat cuiumbam lombam eawam-eawam lark `awam domks.

n.  Yogada Aeckr (@ato Alj`osnomno) 

\acap kmk (18-1; tacum) ala`ac gasa ejmsj`klask gomudu porkjlo lowasa
lam lktamlak lombam pomnapakam `kga ca` lkiawac kmk.  
1)  Gkmat yamb gaekm gamtap torcalap humbsk-humbsk kmto`oe.
9)  Objmya gomnark eosogpatam umtue iorsatu lombam jramb-jramb `akm lam
la`ag pomba`agam-pomba`agam iaru. 
>)  \oriomtue klomtktas soesua` yamb tklae aeam ioruiac `abk. 
<)  Objsomtrksgo (tor`a`u gogusateam porcatkam pala lkrk somlkrk) lkbamtk
lombam eosokgiambam amtara eopomtkmbam lkrk somlkrk lombam jramb `akm.  
?)  \ugiuc ‐lkmlkmb‗ yamb gogksaceam lkrk prkialkmya ( prkvato so`h) lam
gasyaraeat ugug (tco pui`kn). 

9.>  Earaetorkstke Voreogiambam Yogada

Gomurut Rjmb (966;), earaetorkstke poreogiambam rogada lapat lkiolaeam
gomdalk 4 
a.  Voreogiambam Vskejsjska` 
\ojrk poreogiambam pskejsjska` gomurut Orkesjm la`ag Rjmb (966;),
gombambbap iacwa erksks poreogiambam pala gasa rogada gombcask`eam
toriomtuemya klomtktas. Vorkjlo rogada awa` lkgu`ak lombam awktam puiortas lam
 ioreogiambmya staik`ktas ogjskjma` lam hkske yamb ro`atkh pala saat atau eotkea

2
 

cagpkr `u`us lark ^G_. Vala saat kmk, rogada lkcalapeam pala erksks klomtktas
eo`jgpje vorsus pombaskmbam lkrk.
Vala porkjlo so`amdutmya, kmlkvklu iorcarap umtue gomnobac jtjmjgk lark
eo`uarba lam gombogiambeam klomtktas lkrk soiabak `awam torcalap lkhusk poram.
Klomtktas eo`jgpje gomdalk sambat pomtkmb umtue porgu`aam pogiomtueam
klomtktas prkialk. Yogada pala tacap awa` carus gagpu gogonaceam gasa`ac

tomtamb cuiumbam lombam togam soiaya soio`ug goroea gagpu gomdawai

 portamyaam tomtamb skapa lkrk goroea la`ag eaktammya lombam eo`uarba lam
gasyaraeat. 
1)  Klomtktas eo`jgpje  
^o`aga tacap rogada awa`, toeamam umtue gogk`kek suatu eo`jgpje
sogaekm euat. Yogada gombambbap iacwa gogk`kek eo`jgpje ala`ac ca`
yamb pomtkmb earoma goroea gorasa gomdalk iabkam lark eo`jgpje lam
eo`jgpje lapat gogiork goroea status. Eotkea rogada gu`ak gomnjnjeeam
nara lam gkmat iorpomagpk`am, baya goroea sobora ioruiac. Iuetk
 pomyosuakam lkrk rogada torcalap eo`jgpje togam soiaya lam
eotklaenjnjeeam lombam eo`jgpje jramb lowasa gogiork eorambea pk`kcam

 iabk rogada sockmbba goroea lapat gogorameam pomjmdj`am lkrk goroea

somlkrk sogomtara gomj`ae klomtktas lark bomorask jramb tuamya. Gomdalk
kmlkvklu yamb ioriola gombaekiateam rogada tklae lktorkga lam lkaskmbeam
lark eo`jgpje.

9)  Klomtktas Kmlkvklua` 

Vala tacap pomnarkam kmk, rogada gogportkgiambeam cuiumbam yamb
goroea eogiambeam amtara lkrk goroea somlkrk lombam jramb `akm lk gasa
`a`u, soportk ca`mya arac lam tuduam yamb goroea carap gagpu lk`aeueam lk
gasa yamb aeam latamb. Vrjsos poreogiambam klomtktas prkialk gorupaeam
 prjsos yamb gogaeam waetu lam pomuc lombam porkjlo eoikmbumbam,
loprosk lam eoputusasaam. Vomomtuam klomtktas lam iabkammya lk lumka
gorupaeam ca` yamb pomtkmb lam sosuatu yamb gomaeuteam iabk rogada.
 Magum logkekam, dkea sotacap logk sotacap lkbamtkeam lam lk`otaeeam pala
togpat yamb sosuak, klomtktas yamb pjsktkh pala aeckrmya aeam gumnu` lark
eoikmbumbam. Lkhusk poram tordalk dkea kmlkvklu tklae gagpu
goghjrgu`askeam eopuasam klomtktas lark ioriabak aspkrask, poram lam
klomtkhkeask. 
>)  Klomtktas poram soesua` 
Gasa rogada gorupaeam waetu umtue ejmsj`klask klomtktas poram
soesua`. ^o`aga gasa rogada awa`, eo`jgpje togam soiaya gu`ak

3
 

gombjgumkeaskeam ioiorapa pombcarapam torcalap cuiumbam

cotorjesoesua` lam iorsagaam lombam eogaduam poreogiambam, rogada
lkcalapeam pala pombcarapam torcalap pork`aeu poram soesua` yamb gatamb
yamb iake lark togam soiaya gaupum jramb lowasa. Vombcarapam soportk kmk
 ioriola pala sotkap iulaya, amtara laorac bojbrahks, lam lkamtara eo`jgpje
sjskjoejmjgks.

<)  Ogjskjma`ktas 
Yogada `oikc gagpu gombomla`keam ogjskmya pala gasa rogada
aeckr. Goroea gagpu gombcalapk gasa`ac lombam tomamb lam raskjma`, lam
wa`aupum gaskc gomba`agk porkjlo loprosk, porasaam goroea `oikc euat lam
gu`ak gomumdueeam ogjsk yamb `oikc gatamb pala gasa rogada aeckr.
^ogomtara rogada awa` ioroaesk nopat lam ogjskjma`, rogada aeckr lapat
gombomla`keam ogjskmya sagpak waetu lam togpat umtue gombomla`keam
ogjskmya sagpak waetu lam togpat umtue gomboesproskeam lkrkmya lapat
lktorkga gasyaraeat. Goroea gaskc totap gomba`agk pomkmbeatam ogjsk,
lam dkea ogjsk ktu lkpor`kcateam, pork`aeu goroea gombbagiaream porasaam

tklae agam, eotobambam, lam eoikgiambam.  

 i.  Voreogiambam Ejbmktkh  
\ojrk poreogiambam ejbmktkh gomurut Vkabot la`ag Rjmb (966;), rogada
tklae `abk lkiatask lombam eomyataam lam aetua`, yamb gorupaeam nkrk porkjlo
 iorpkekr ejmerot5 goroea duba gogorcatkeam torcalap eogumbekmam yamb aeam
tordalk. Vala saat kmk goroea `oikc dauc eo lopam. \ampa gogusateam porcatkam
 pala sktuask saat kmk, goroea lapat gogiayambeam suatu rambeakam porkstkwa
yamb gumbekm tordalk, soportk eogumbekmam eu`kac lam ioeorda5 gogkekream
 iabakgama soba`a sosuatu gumbekm lapat ioruiac lk gasa lopam, soportk
cuiumbam lombam jramb tua, lam aekiat lark tkmlaeam goroea, gksa`mya
lkeo`uaream lark soej`ac. Yogada sonara gomta` gagpu gogamkpu`ask `oikc lark
lua eatobjrk varkaio` pala waetu yamb iorsagaam. Gksa`mya, goroea lapat
gogportkgiambeam cuiumbam amtara eonopatam, darae lam waetu la`ag
gogiuat romnama porda`amam wksata. Goroea lapat gomlotoesk ejmskstomsk atau
kmejmskstomsk `jbks la`ag soeo`jgpje pormyataam lam gombova`uask skstog, atau
sorambeakam mk`ak-mk`ak la`ag pork`aeu yamb `oikc lapat lkama`ksks.  
n.  Voreogiambam Gjra` 
\ojrk poreogiambam gjra` gomurut Ejc`iorb la`ag Rjmb (966;), gasa
rogada aeckr lknkrkeam lombam suatu portamyaam sorkus gombomak mk`ak gjra` lam
kmlkvklu. Yogada lapat lombam gulac gombagik` poram `akm. Goroea
gogacagk tubas lam eowadkiam iorlasaream cae tkgia` ia`ke lombam jramb

;
 

`akm, lam duba gogacagk ejmsop poralk`am yamb tagpae la`ag pomotapam
cueugam torcalap eosa`acam lam poriakeam atau pombbamtkam apa yamb to`ac
lkrusae aekiat tkmlaeam yamb sa`ac. Magum logkekam, goroea gogportamyaeam
 poraturam-poraturam gjra` yamb to`ac lktotapeam, sorkmb soiabak aekiat lark
jisorvask rogada iacwa suatu poraturam sonara voria` iorasa` lark jramb lowasa
totapk goroea tklae gogatuck poraturam torsoiut.

l.  Voreogiambam ^pkrktua` 

Vala saat rogada gu`ak gamlkrk lark jramb tua atau jtjrktas yamb `akm,
 ioiorapa lkamtaramya gu`ak gogportamyaeam mk`ak lam kloa` eo`uarba goroea.
^ogomtara ktu, rogada `akm totap iorpobamb tobuc pala mk`ak-mk`ak kmk soiabak
o`ogom yamb staik` la`ag cklupmya soportk eotkea goroea iorduamb go`awam
ejmh`ke pala porkjlo porbj`aeam kmk. Yogada gumbekm gomj`ae aetkvktas kialac
yamb hjrga` totapk go`aeueam kialac sonara kmlkvklua` lombam prkvask la`ag
eagar goroea somlkrk. Goroea gumbekm gogor`ueam oesp`jrask torcalap
ejmsop eoioralaam \ucam. Gogiamlkmbeam abaga goroea lombam jramb `akm
lapat gomyoiaieam goroea gogportamyaeam eopornayaam goroea somlkrk totapk

 pala aeckrmya gombcask`eam porugusam lam pombuatam spkrktua`ktas goroea. 

o.  Voreogiambam ^jska` 
_mtue gogporj`oc eogatambam pomuc, rogada carus gogioiaseam lkrk
goroea lark ljgkmask eo`uarba lam gomotapeam soiuac klomtktas yamb gamlkrk
lark wowomamb jramb tua. Magum, prjsos kmk pomuc lombam agikva`omsk iake
lark rogada gaupum jramb tua. Yogada kmbkm lowasa lam kmbkm ioias lark
eomla`k jramb tua, totapk goroea taeut eotkea goroea gomnjia umtue gogacagk
tambbumb dawai yamb toreakt lombam eogamlkrkam.  
1)  Cuiumbam lombam jramb tua 
^o`aga gasa rogada, cuiumbam jramb tua-amae ioruiac lark
gomyayambk lam porsagaam cae. Vrjsos gomnapak eogamlkrkam sorkmb ea`k
go`kiateam eoeanauam lam agikbu`ktas earoma iake jramb tua gaupum
rogada ioradar umtue gomagpk`eam poram yamb iaru lam gomda`ameammya
sagpak so`osak, sogomtara pala saat iorsagaam, pomyo`osakam sorkmb ea`k
gorupaeam rambeakam eorombbambam yamb gomyaekteam, yamb pomtkmb umtue
gomotapeam cuiumbam aeckr. Vala saat rogada gomumtut cae goroea umtue
gombogiambeam cae-cae kstkgowamya, goroea sorkmb ea`k gomnkptaeam
eotobambam lk la`ag rugac. Goroea gomomtamb eomla`k jramb tua, lam
ejmh`ke lapat gumnu` pala cagpkr sogua sktuask atau gasa`ac. 
9)  Cuiumbam lombam togam soiaya 

16
 

Ra`aupum jramb tua totap gogiork pombaruc utaga la`ag soiabkam

 iosar eocklupam, iabk soiabkam iosar rogada, togam soiaya lkambbap `oikc
 iorporam pomtkmb eotkea gasa rogada lkiamlkmbeam gasa eamae-eamae.
Eo`jgpje togam soiaya gogiorkeam rogada porasaam eoeuatam lam
eoeuasaam. 
a)  Eo`jgpje togam soiaya

Yogada ikasamya iorpkekram sjska`, suea iortogam, lam suea

 ioreo`jgpje. Lombam logkekam eo`jgpje togam soiaya gogk`kek
ova`uask lkrk lam pork`aeu rogada. _mtue gogporj`oc pomorkgaam
eo`jgpje, rogada awa` iorusaca umtue gomyosuakeam lkrk sonara tjta`
la`ag ioriabak ca` soportk gjlo` iorpaeakam, baya ragiut, so`ora guske,
lam tata iacasa, sorkmb ea`k gombjriameam kmlkvklua`ktas lam tumtutam
lkrk. ^oba`a sosuatu pala rogada lkueur j`oc roaesk togam soiayamya.
 i)  ^acaiat
Cuiumbam porsjma` amtara satu jramb lombam jramb `akm yamb
 ioriola ikasamya toriomtue amtara rogada sosaga domks. Cuiumbam kmk
`oikc loeat lam `oikc staik` larkpala cuiumbam yamb lkiomtue pala gasa

eamae-eamae portombacam, lam pomtkmb umtue pomnarkam klomtktas. ^ojramb

sacaiat gorupaeam pomlombar toriake, yaktu togpat rogada gomnjia
eogumbekmam poram-poram lam suatu poram iorsagaam, goroea sa`kmb
gogiorkeam lueumbam satu saga `akm.

9.<  \ubas Voreogiambam Vala Gasa Yogada

\ubas-tubas poreogiambam pala gasa rogada gomurut (Cur`jne, 9661) amtara `akm4 
a.  Gomnapak cuiumbam iaru lam yamb `oikc gatamb lombam togam soiaya iake prka
gaupum wamkta
\ubas poreogiambam pala gasa rogada gomumtut poruiacam iosar la`ag
skeap lam pork`aeu amae. Aekiatmya, camya solkekt amae `aek-`aek lam amae
 porogpuam yamb lapat lkcarapeam umtue gombuasak tubastubas torsoiut so`aga
awa` gasa rogada, apa`abk goroea yamb gatambmya tor`agiat. Eoiamyaeam
carapam lktugpueeam pala ca` kmk ala`ac iacwa rogada gula aeam go`otaeeam
lasar-lasar iabk pogiomtueam skeap lam pj`a pork`aeu.
 i.  Gomnapak poram sjska` prka, lam wamkta
Voreogiambam gasa rogada yamb pomtkmb aeam gombbagiaream soiorapa
 dauc poruiacam yamb carus lk`aeueam lam gasa`ac yamb tkgiu` lark poruiacam
ktu somlkrk. Vala lasarmya, pomtkmbmya gombuasak tubas-tubas poreogiambam
la`ag waetu yamb ro`atkh skmbeat soiabak aekiat poruiacam uska eogatambam

11
 

yamb gomdalk lo`apam io`as tacum, gomyoiaieam iamyae toeamam yamb

gombambbu para rogada.
n.  Gomorkga eoalaam hkskemya lam gombbumaeam tuiucmya sonara ohoetkh
^orkmbea`k su`kt iabk para rogada umtue gomorkga eoalaam
eoala am hkskemya ik`a sodae
eamae-eamae goroea to`ac gombabumbeam ejmsop goroea tomtamb pomagpk`am
lkrk pala waetu lowasa mamtkmya. Lkpor`ueam waetu umtue gogporiakek ejmsop

kmk lam umtue gogpo`adark nara-nara gogporiakek pomagpk`am lkrk sockmbba

`oikc sosuak lombam apa yamb lknkta-nktaeam.
l.  Gombcarapeam lam gomnapak pork`aeu sjska` yamb iortambbumb dawai
Gomorkga poram soes lowasa yamb lkaeuk gasyaraeat tklae`ac gogpumyak
 iamyae eosu`ktam iabk `aek-`aek5 goroea to`ac lkljrjmb lam lkaraceam sodae awa`
gasa eamae-eamae. \otapk ca`mya ioriola iabk amae porogpuam. ^oiabak amae-
amae, goroea lkporij`oceam iaceam lkljrjmb umtue gogakmeam poram soloradat,
sockmbba usaca umtue gogpo`adark poram hogkmkm lowasa yamb lkaeuk
gasyaraeat lam gomorkga poram torsoiut, sorkmbea`k gorupaeam tubas pjeje
yamb gogor`ueam pomyosuakam lkrk so`aga iortacum-tacum. Earoma alamya
 portomtambam lombam `awam domks yamb sorkmb ioreogiamb so`aga aeckr gasa

eamae-eamae lam gasa puior, gaeam gogpo`adark cuiumbam iaru lombam `awam
 domks iorartk carus gu`ak lark mj` lombam tuduam umtue gombotacuk `awam domks
lam iabakgama carus iorbau` lombam goroea. ^olambeam pombogiambam
cuiumbam iaru yamb `oikc gatamb lombam togam soiaya sosaga domks duba tklae
gulac.

o.  Gomnapak eogamlkrkam ogjskjma` lark jramb tua lam jramb-jramb lowasa
`akmmya
Iabk rogada yamb sambat gomlagiaeam eogamlkrkam, usaca umtue gamlkrk
sonara ogjskjma` lark jramb tua lam jramb-jramb lowasa `akm gorupaeam tubas
 poreogiambam yamb gulac. Magum, eogamlkrkam ogjsk tklae`ac saga lombam
eogamlkrkam pork`aeu. Iamyae rogada yamb kmbkm gamlkrk, duba kmbkm lam
gogiutuceam rasa agam yamb lkporj`oc lark eotorbamtumbam ogjsk pala jramb
tua atau jramb-jramb lowasa `akm. Ca` kmk gomjmdj` pala rogada yamb statusmya
la`ag eo`jgpje soiaya tklae goyaekmeam atau yamb euramb gogk`kek cuiumbam
yamb aerai lombam ambbjta eo`jgpje.
h.  Gogporskapeam earkor oejmjgk
Eogamlkrkam oejmjgk tklae lapat lknapak soio`ug rogada gogk`kc
 poeordaam lam gogporskapeam lkrk umtue ioeorda. Ea`au rogada gogk`kc
 poeordaam yamb gogor`ueam porkjlo po`atkcam yamb `aga, tklae ala dagkmam
umtue gogporj`oc eogamlkrkam oejmjgk ik`agama goroea sonara rosgk gomdalk

19
 

lowasa mamtkmya. ^onara oejmjgk goroea gaskc carus torbamtumb so`aga

 ioiorapa tacum sagpak po`atkcam yamb lkpor`ueam umtue ioeorda so`osak lkda`amk.
b.  Gogporskapeam poreawkmam lam eo`uarba
Eonomlorumbam poreawkmam gula gomyoiaieam porskapam poreawkmam
gorupaeam tubas poreogiambam yamb pa`kmb pomtkmb la`ag tacumtacum rogada.
Gosekpum taiu sjska` gombomak pork`aeu soesua` yamb iorambsur-amsur

gombomlur lapat gogporgulac porskapam poreawkmam la`ag aspoe soesua`,

totapk aspoe poreawkmam yamb `akm camya solkekt yamb lkporskapeam. Eurambmya
 porskapam kmk gorupaeam sa`ac satu pomyoiai lark gasa`ac yamb tklae
torso`osakeam, yamb j`oc rogada lkiawa eo gasa rogada.
c.  Gogporj`oc porambeat mk`ak lam skstog otks soiabak pobambam umtue iorpork`aeu
gombogiambeam kloj`jby
^oej`ac lam pomlklkeam tkmbbk gomnjia umtue gogiomtue mk`ak-mk`ak yamb
sosuak lombam mk`ak lowasa, jramb tua iorporam iamyae la`ag poreogiambam kmk.
 Magum ik`a mk`ak-mk`ak lowasa iortomtambam lombam togam soiaya, gasa rogada
carus gogk`kc yamb toraeckr ik`a gombcarap lueumbam togam-togam yamb
gomomtueam eocklupam sjska` goroea. ^oiabkam rogada kmbkm lktorkga j`oc

togam-togammya, totapk ca` kmk sorkmbea`k lkporj`oc

lkporj`oc lombam pork`aeu
pork`aeu yamb j`oc
jramb lowasa lkambbap tklae iortambbumb dawai.

9.?  Lohkmksk Eo`uarba

Eo`uarba gorupaeam `ogiaba portaga la`ag eocklupam amae togpat amae
 io`adar lam gombataeam soiabak gaec`ue sjska`. La`ag eo`uarba ugugmya amae
go`aeueam kmtoraesk yamb kmtkg. Gomurut ^`agotj (9668) eo`uarba ala`ac `ogiaba
 pomlklkeam yamb yamb portaga lam utaga iabk amae-amaemya iake pomlklkeam
 iambsa, lumka, lam mobara sockmbba nara jramb tua gomlklke amae-amaemya aeam
 iorpombaruc torcalap io`adar. ^olambeam gomurut Guiarae, lee (966;) eo`uarba
ala`ac poreugpu`am lua jramb atau `oikc yamb lkkeat j`oc cuiumbam larac,
 poreawkmam atau aljpsk, lam tkap-tkap ambbjta eo`uarba so`a`u iorkmtoraesk satu
lombam yamb `akm.
Iorlasaream eoambbjtaammya, eo`uarba lapat lkiabk la`ag > domks (Luva`,
1;29 la`ag ^otkalk 9663), yaktu 4 
a.   Mun`oar hagk`y, sorkmb lksoiut lombam eo`uarba kmtk, yaktu eo`uarba yamb
ambbjtamya torlkrk lark ayac, kiu lam amae yamb io`ug gomkeac.  

1>
 

 i.   Oxtomlol hagk`y, atau eo`uarba iosar, yaktu eo`uarba yamb ambbjtamya torlkrk
lark ayac, kiu, sorta hagk`y lark eolua io`ac pkcae.  
n.   Cjrkzjmta` oxtomlol hagk`y, yaktu eo`uarba yamb ambbjtamya torlkrk lark ayac,
kiu lam amae yamb to`ac gomkeac lam gaskc gomugpamb pala jramb tuamya.  

9.8  \ubas Voreogiambam Eo`uarba lombam Amae _ska Yogada

Lkgu`ak pala saat amae portaga gomkmbba`eam rugac lam ioraeckr pala saat
amaetoraeckr gomkmbba`eam rugac.@agamya tacapam kmk torbamtumb dug`ac amae lam
alaatau tklaemya amae yamb io`ug ioreo`uarba lam totap tkmbba` iorsaga jramb
tua.\ubas poreogiambam 4 
1.  Gogpor`uas eo`uarba kmtk gomdalk eo`uarba iosar.
9.  Gogportacameam eokmtkgam pasambam.
>.  Gogiamtu jramb tua gogasuek gasa tua.
<.  Gogiamtu amae umtue gamlkrk lk gasyaraeat.
?.  Vomataam eogia`k poram lam eobkatam rugac tambba.

9.2  Gasa`ac-Gasa`ac yamb \ordalk Vala Eo`uarba lombam \acap Voreogiambam

Amae _ska Yogada

Eotklaegatambam la`ag cuiumbam eo`uarba soportk yamb lktumdueeam j`oc
alamya portombearam lombam ambbjta-ambbjta eo`uarba, torus gomorus gombrktke atau
 iuat ejgomtar-ejgomtar yamb goromlaceam tomtamb pomagpk`am atau pork`aeu ambbjta
eo`uarba, sorkmb tordalk so`aga tacum-tacum awa` gasa rogada. Vala saat kmk cuiumbam
eo`uarba ikasamya iorala pala tktke romlac.
Cuiumbam eo`uarba yamb iurue gorupaeam iacaya pskej`jbks pala sotkap uska,
tor`oikc so`aga gasa rogada earoma pala saat kmk amae `aek-`aek lam porogpuam sambat
tklae pornaya pala lkrk somlkrk lam iorbamtumb pala eo`uarba umtue gogporj`oc rasa
agam. [amb `oikc pomtkmb `abk, goroea gogor`ueam ikgikmbam atau iamtuam la`ag
gombuasak tubas poreogiambam gasa rogada. Dkea cuiumbam-cuiumbam eo`uarba
lktamlak lombam portomtambam, porasaam-porasaam tklae agam ior`ambsumb `aga, lam
rogada euramb gogk`kek eosogpatam umtue gombogiambeam pj`a pork`aeu yamb tomamb
lam `oikc gatamb. Yogada yamb cuiumbam eo`uarbamya euramb iake duba lapat
gombogiambeam cuiumbam yamb iurue lombam jramb-jramb lk`uar rugac. Gosekpum
sogua cuiumbam, iake la`ag gasa lowasa atau la`ag gasa eamae-eamae, ealamb-
ealamb tobamb magum jramb amb so`a`u gomba`agk eosu`ktam la`ag iorbau` lombam
jramb `akm lkambbap tklae gatamb lam euramb gomyomambeam. Ca` kmk gombcagiat
 pomyosuakam sjska` yamb iake.
Gasa rogada lkeoma` iamyae jramb soiabak gasa yamb kmlac lam pomuc
rjgamtkea, palaca` soiomarmya gasa kmk gorupaeam gasa yamb pomuc lombam

1<
 

eosuearam. Iueam camya iabk lkrkmya totapk iabk eo`uarba lam `kmbeumbam sjska`. Gasa
kmk aeam gogiuat rogada gomba`agk eoikmbumbam lksatu pkcae gaskc amae-amae,
totapk lk`akm pkcae carus iortkmbeac `aeu soportk jramb lowasa. ^ktuask kmk gogiuat
goroea la`ag ejmlksk ejmh`ke, sockmbba aeam tor`kcat iortkmbeac `aeu amoc, nambbumb
lam ea`au tklae lkejmtrj` lombam iake lapat gomyoiaieam eomaea`am. La`ag usacamya
gomnark klomtktas lkrk, goroea sorkmb gogiamtac jramb tuamya, earoma gogu`ak

gogpumyak pomlapat somlkrk, nkta-nkta lam mk`ak-mk`ak somlkrk yamb ioriola lombam
jramb tuamya.
Vomlapat jramb tua tklae `abk lapat lkdalkeam pobambam, gosekpum soiomarmya
goroea duba io`ug gogk`kek lasar pobambam yamb euat. Jramb yamb lkambbap pomtkmb
la`ag gasa kmk ala`ac togam soiaya. Goroea iorusaca umtue gombkektu pomlapat lam
baya togam-togammya earoma lkambbap gogk`kek eosagaam lombam lkrkmya. Earomamya
sorkmb ea`k rogada tor`kiat la`ag bomb-bomb, lombam gomdalk ambbjta bomb goroea
aeam sa`kmb gogiork lam gomlapat lueumbam gomta`. Ioiorapa easus toraeckr soportk
bomb-bomb gjtjr yamb tor`kiat eobkatam gorupaeam iomtue lark eonomlorumbam
torsoiut. Goroea aeam ioramk go`aeueam tkmlaeam-tkmlaeam eodacatam eotkea lk`aeueam
la`ag eo`jgpje lam tklae aeam ioramk go`aeueammya sonara kmlkvklua`. Gasa`ac `akm

yamb sorkmb gombbambbu amae rogada ala`ac gasa`ac yamb ioreaktam lombam jrbam
roprjluesk (soesua`). ^atu sksk goroea sulac gomnapak eogatambam soesua`, yamb
gomyoiaieam goroea gogk`kek ljrjmbam umtue poguasam totapk lksksk `akm eoiulayaam
lam mjrga sjska` go`aramb poguasam eoiutucam soesua` lk`uar pormkeacam. Valaca`
umtue gomkeac iamyae porsyaratam yamb carus lkpomuck, iueam camya eogagpuam
la`ag go`aeueam cuiumbam soesua`, totapk lkpor`ueam oejmjgk, eogatambam pskej`jbk,
lam soiabakmya.syarat-syarat kmk sambat iorat lam gumbekm io`ug lknapak pala uska
rogada. J`oc earoma ktu, para rogada gomnark eopuasam la`ag iomtue ecaya`am,
gogiana iueu atau gomjmtjm hk`g pjrmj. Gosekpum tkmbeac `aeu kmk soiomarmya totap
go`ambbar mjrga gasyaraeat, totapk goroea go`aeueammya lombam sogiumyk-
sogiumyk.
_mtue gombcalapk sktuask kmk jramb tua carus `oikc ikdaesama la`ag gomykeapk,
nara yamb topat lk`aeueam ala`ac lombam gomburambk njmtrj` sonara iortacap torcalap
amaemya, sockmbba goroea lapat tugiuc gomdalk lkrk somlkrk sonara iortacap sagpak
aeckrmya lowasa.

GA^A@AC-GA^A@AC EO^OCA\AM
Vala tacap kmk eosocatam hkske ambbjta eo`uarba ikasamya iake. \apk prjgjsk
eosocatam totap gomdalk ca` yamb pomtkmb. Haetjr-haetjr roskej carus lkklomtkhkeask lam
lkiknaraeam lombam eo`uarba, soportk pomtkmbmya baya cklup eo`uarba yamb socat gu`ak
lark uska >? tacum, roskej pomyaekt damtumb ejrjmor gomkmbeat lkea`ambam prka lam

1?
 

 pala uska kmk ambbjta eo`uarba yamb lowasa gu`ak gorasa `oikc romtam torcalap
 pomyaekt soiabak iabkam lark poruiacam-poruiacam poreogiambam lam ikasamya
goroea kmk `oikc gomorkga stratobk prjgjsk eosocatam. ^olambeam pala rogada,
eono`aeaam torutaga eono`aeaam gjik` gorupaeam iacaya yamb agat iosar, lam patac
tu`amb lam nolora earoma at`otke duba ugug tordalk .
Vomya`acbumaam jiat-jiatam lam a`ejcj`, eo`uarba ioromnama, eocagk`am yamb

tklae lkeocomlaek, lam pomlklkeam lam ejmso`kmb soes gorupaeam iklamb porcatkam
yamb ro`ovam. La`ag gomlkseuskeam tjpke kmk lombam eo`uarba, porawat lapat tordoiae
la`ag porso`kskcam atau gasa`ac amtara jramb tua lam eaug gula, rogada ikasamya
gomnark po`ayamam eosocatam gomnaeup udk eocagk`am, gombbumaeam jiat-jiatam, udk
AKL^, eo`uarba ioromnama, lam aijrsk, lkabmjsks lam porawatam pomyaekt eo`agkm.
Abaemya to`ac gomdalk troml yamb sac iabk rogada umtue gomorkga porawatam
eosocatam tampa kdkm jramb tua. Ik`a jramb tua lkkeutsortaeam gaea lk`aeueam
wawamnara torpksac soio`ug goroea lkeugpu`eam .
Eoiutucam eosocatam yamtb `akm ala`ac la`ag iklamb cuiumbam lam iamtuam
umtue gogporejejc cuiumbam poreawkmam lam cuiumbam rogada lombam jramb tua.
Ejmso`kmb `ambsumb yamb iorskhat gomumdamb atau gu`ak rudueam eo sugior-sugior

la`ag ejgumktas umtue ejmso`kmb, lam duba pomlklkeam yamb iorskhat roeroaskjma`, lam
 po`ayamam `akmmya gumbekm lkpor`ueam, pomlklkeam prjgjsk eosocatam ugug duba
lkkmlkeaskeam.

9.3.  Voram Vorawat

Voram porawat pala tacap kmk ala`ac gombaraceam eo`uarba pala
 pomkmbeatam lam pomnobacam pomyaekt. Vomyu`ucam
Vomyu`uca m tomtamb pomyaekt earlkjvaseu`or
e arlkjvaseu`or
 pala uska `amdut, pomyu`ucam tomtamb pomyaekt earlkjvaseu`or pala uska `amdut,
 pomyu`ucam tomtamb jiat-jiatam tor`aramb, gkmugam eoras, soes, pomnobacam
eono`aeaam pala rogada, sorta gogiamtu tornkptamya ejgumkeask yamb `oikc ohoetkh
amtara jramb tua lombam amae rogadamya ( Guiarae, 966;, ca` ;6).
Voram porawat la`ag pomkmbeatam eosocatam lam pomnobacam pomyaekt pala
tacap eo`uarba lombam amae rogada gomurut ^tamcjpo (1;;3, Ca` ?9)4
a.  Buru tomtamb haetjr-haetjr eosocatam
 i.  Buru la`ag ksu-ksu pogonacam gasa`ac gombomak ae`jcj` lam gorjeje, lkot
lam horae ialam
n.  Hask`ktatjr eotoragpk`am kmtorporsjma` lombam amae io`asam tacum iorsaga jramb
tua.

18
 

l.  Vomj`jmb `ambsumb, ejmsu`tam

ejmsu`tam atau pkcae yamb gorudue eo sugior-sugior
eosocatam gomta`
o.  Ejmsu`tam eo`uarba ioromnama
h.  Vkcae yamb gorudue eo iabkam pomyaekt yamb lktu`aream go`a`uk soesua`
b.  Vosorta la`ag jrbamksask gasyaraeat umtue pombomla`kam pomyaekt.

IAI >
A^_CAM EOVOYARA\AM

HJYGA\ VOMBEADKAM EOVOYARA\AM EO@_AYBA

VYJBYAG ^\_LK ^1 EOVOYARA\AM HAE_@\A^ K@G_ EO^OCA\AM
_MKXOY^K\A^ G_CAGGALK[AC ^_YAIA[A
D`m. ^utjrodj Mj. ?; ^uraiaya

A.  VOMBEADKAM
K.  KLOM\K\A^ _G_G EO@_AYBA
1.  Klomtktas Eopa`a Eo`uarba
 Maga 4 \m. A Vomlklkeam 4 ^GA
_gur 4 <6 \acum Voeordaam 4 Iuruc Vairke
Abaga 4 Ks`ag A`agat 4 ^uraiaya

12
 

^ueu 4 Dawa Mjgjr \`p 4 631xxxx

9.  Ejgpjsksk Eo`uarba
 Mj. Maga @/V _gur Cui. E`b Voeordaam Vomlklkeam
1. My. M V >; tc Kstrk Rkraswasta ^GA
9. Am. E @ 18 tc Amae Vo`adar ^GA
>. Am. @ V 19 tc Amae Vo`adar ^GV
<. Momoe \ V 86 tc Kiu \klae Ioeorda ^GV

>.  Bomjbrag

Eotorambam 4
4 Ambbjta eo`uarba `aek-`aek yamb sulac gomkmbba`
4 Ambbjta eo`uarba porogpuam yamb sulac gomkmbba`
4 Ambbjta eo`uarba `aek-`aek
4 ambbjta eo`uarba porogpuam
4 E`kom

<.  \ypo Eo`uarba

a)  Domks typo eo`uarba
Eo`uarba \m. A gorupaeam typo eo`uarba oxtomlol hagk`y. Eo`uarba \m. A (<6
tacum) torlkrk lark \m. A, My. M, Am. E, Am. @, lam Kiu lark \m. A yaktu Momoe

\.
 i)  Gasa`ac yamb tordalk lombam tkpo torsoiut
Ambbjta eo`urba euramb gombotacuk tomtamb poram lam tambumb dawaimya.

?.  ^ueu Iambsa

a)  Asa` sueu iambsa 4
\m. A lam My. M iorasa` lark ^uraiaya (Dawa). Iacasa ljgkmam yamb goroea
bumaeam socark-cark lk rugac ala`ac iacasa Kmljmoska lam Dawa. ^aat iorala
lk `uar rugac, goroea gombbumaeam la`ag iacasa Kmljmoska lam Dawa la`ag

13
 

 pornaeapam. My. M gombataeam eo`urbamya tklae gogk`kek eoikasaam ecusus

yamb gogpombaruck status eosocatam eo`uarba yamb lkadaream turum-togurum.
 i)  Iulaya yamb iorcuiumbam lombam eosocatam 4
\klae ala
8.  Abaga lam Eopornayaam yamb gogpombaruck eo`uarba 4
^o`uruc eo`uarba \m. A iorabaga Ks`ag. Eobkatam kialac eoabagaam eo`uarba

\M. A yaktu scj`at `kga waetu lam puasa lk`aeueam. Gomurut \m. A, abaga
 iorporam sambat pomtkmb la`ag eocklupam goroea, iaceam la`ag ca` eosocatam.
Eotkea ala ambbjta eo`uarba yamb solamb saekt, eo`uarba duba so`a`u gomljaeam
umtue eosogiucam ambbjta eo`uarba yamb saekt torsoiut.
2.  ^tatus sjska` oejmjgk eo`uarba 4
a)  Ambbjta eo`uarba yamb gomnark maheac 4
Lk eo`uarba \m. A, pomnark maheac utaga lk eo`uarba ala`ac \m. A yamb
 ioeorda soiabak iuruc lam pogiawa anara mkeacam
 i)  Vombcask`am 4
Vombcask`am \m. A + >.666.666 sotkap iu`am.
n)  _paya `akm 4

\m. A duba gaskc aetkh soiabak pogiawa anara lk anara-anara pormkeacam,

gaea lark ktu \m.A tor`kcat daramb iorala lkrugac. ^o`akm ktu upaya `akm yamb
lk`aeueam yaktu Kiu. M socark-cark gogiuea warumb yamb gomdua` eoiutucam
socark-cark lam gaeamam rkmbam lk rugacmya lombam pombcask`am porcark
gomurut Kiu. M ala`ac ?6.666-am.
l)  Carta iomla yamb lkgk`kek (poraijt, tramspjrtask, l``)
^opola gjtjr (1 iuac) lam poraijt rugac tambba.

o)  Eoiutucam yamb lkeo`uaream tkap iu`am 4

socark  „  cark
Eopor`uam eo`uarba socark „   cark ala`ac umtue gaeam lam dadam Am. E lam Am.
@.
3.  Aetkvktas Yoeroask Eo`uarba
\m. A tklae gogk`kek dalwa` ecusus umtue roeroask eo`uarba, camya sosoea`k
amaemya gombadae iorwksata. Raetu `kiuram ikasamya lksosuakeam lombam dalwa`
`kiur eorda lam `kiur amae soej`ac, totapk soearamb daramb lk`aeueam, camya dkea
ala waetu sada eo`uarba porbk roeroask. My. M duba gombataeam ikasamya lkrkmya
 ioreumdumb eo rugac eoraiat yamb `otae rugacmya iorloeatam lombam rugac
eo`uarba \m. A. Lk rugac, My. M gombataeam eo`uarbamya lapat gomkegatk
ckiuram go`a`uk \X lam ralkj yamb torsolka lk rugacmya. Am. E gombataeam dkea
 iamyae eobkatam lam gogiuat lkrkmya stross gaea lka aeam gakm eo`uar lombam
togam-togammya, ikasamya mjmberjmb sagik` gombjirj` tklae do`as, gakm eo

1;
 

warmot atau romta` V^ lam gomjmtjm ia`apam gjtjr. Am. E duba gombataeam
sorkmb gakm lombam togam-togammya ckmbba ga`ag cark.

KK.  YKRA[A\ LAM \ACAV VOYEOGIAMBAM EO@_AYBA

1.  \acap poreogiambam eo`uarba saat kmk (lktomtueam lombam amae tortua) 4
\orgasue eo`uarba lombam rogada. \ubas poreogiambam eo`uarba lombam amae

rogada.
9.  \acap poreogiambam eo`uarba yamb io`ug torpomuck lam eomla`amya 4
Iorejgumkeask sonara toriuea lombam amae-amae. My. M gombataeam iacwa Am.
E ala`ac amae yamb pomlkag lam daramb ioriknara dkea tklae lktamya. \orutaga
saat gogasuek uska rogada, Am. E sulac gu`ak daramb ioreugpu` lombam
eo`uarba, dkea iorala lk rugac Am. E iamyae gombcaikseam waetumya lk la`ag
eagarmya. Am. E gombataeam daramb ioriknara lombam \m. A earoma gomurut Am.
E iapaemya ktu ba`ae lam ea`au gomyuruc sosuatu, gksa`eam io`adar, \m. A sorkmb
garac-garac sockmbba Am. E ga`as umtue gomambbapkmya. My. M gombataeam
soiomarmya \m. A iake, totapk gogamb abae eoras umtue gomlklke amae-amaemya.
 My. M duba gombataeam iacwa Am. E su`kt umtue lkatur sogomdae gogasuek

^GA. Am. E gombataeam tklae gombotacuk tubas poreogiambam gaupum

tambbumb dawaimya soiabak rogada, earoma soio`ugmya tklae pormac gomlapateam
kmhjrgask gombomak tubas poreogiambam gaupum tambbumb dawaimya soiabak
rogada.

>.  Ykwayat eosocatam eo`urba kmtk 4

a)  Ykwayat eosocatam eo`uarba saat kmk 4
Eo`uarba \m. A tklae ala yamb gomlorkta pomyaekt iorat. Magum torealamb
saekt iatue, pk`oe, pamas, saekt eopa`a magum soto`ac io`k jiat lk warumb
eo`ucam sulac ck`amb.
 i)  Ykwayat pomyaekt turumam 4
\klae ala rkwayat pomyaekt eo`uarba yamb gomurum. Ik`a saekt, eo`uarba \m. A
 porbk eo puseosgas. \klae ala pj`a gaeam atau domks gaeamam yamb lkiatask.
n)  Ykwayat eosocatam gaskmb-gaskmb ambbjta eo`uarba
Kgumksask \kmlaeam
 M Eoalaam Gasa`ac
 Maga _gur II (INB/Vj`kj/LV yamb to`ac
  eosocatam eosocatam
\/CI/Nagpae) lk`aeueam
1. \m. A <6 tc 83 eb - @ombeap \klae ala -
9. My. M >; tc <3 eb - @ombeap \klae ala -

96