Answers to Sample Paper 5 1. @) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (6) 5. (b) 6. (6) 7. (d) 8. () 9. (a) 10. (c) 1. (4) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15, (4) 16, (6) 17. (d) 18. (b) 19. Given, electric field strength, E = 67 +5) +3k. As surface area lies in x-y plane, the normal to surface area is along z-axis, therefore, vector-surface area, S = 100k Electric flux, ¢ = ES = (61 +5) +3k). 100k As ik = 05 jk and RE = 1 Blectric flux, ¢ = 0 + 0 + 300 = 300 units 20. Diamagnetism is due to orbital motion of electrons developing magnetic moments opposite to applied field and hence, is not much affected by temperature, Paramagnetism and ferromagnetism is due to alignments of atomic magnetic moments in the direction of the applied field. As the temperature increases, this alignment is disturbed and hence susceptibilities of both decreases as temperature increases. 21. (a) Given, C, = C, = C, = 9 pF when capacitors are connected in series, the equivalent capacitance C, is given by Ayayt 1 9199 93 (b) In series charge on each capacitor remain same, so charge on each capacitor q = CV = (3 x 10 F) x (120 V) = 3.6 x 10" C 3 pF Or We know Work done = pE (cos 0, ~ cos 0,) and 0, = 0°, 0, = 180° Work done = pE (1 + 1) = 2PE 22. Consider an electromagnetic wave incident normally on a surface. If energy absorbed by the surface is U and p is the momentum carried by the wave, the pressure exerted by the radiation on the surface is called radiation pressure. Intensity of radiation, p= UP ° Axt At > Lo Ph le cA A Physics—12 oThus, petit Ane Radiation pressure in terms of E is given by BE p= ppc? Radiation pressure in terms of B is given by Be p= Fo 2u9 23. Slope of the line = 4 \, where h is Planck’s constant and ¢ is an electric charge. ‘ The blue light emits the electrons of greater K1 Or a Slope ASV, > V,. We know that hy = 6 + KE. 4 hy, = 6+ K, and hv, = 6 + K, vy) _ 6+K, Dividing Sok 1 1 + Ky vi OFK, K,= 6 + 2K, Change in voltaage 24. (a) Dynamic resistance = Aan "Voltage _ O.01V _ 1 Change in current 10mA (6) @ Band gap @i) Biasing 25. Properti (v2 = 2vy) s of nuclear force (@ They are charge independent. (ii) They are short range forces. (any one) As r=7A® which is independent of mass number, A. 26. (a) Net emf of the circuit, «= 2V-V = V Net resistance, Rag =2R+R=3R we Vv a t in ths it, f= ‘urrent in the circuit x Physics—12 @Potential difference across BE, v 4 Veg = 2V -1X 2R = 2V-3Ex2R = FV Potential difference across capacitor, y= 4v-v-¥ 3 3 (6) Charge on the capacitor, @ (c) Energy stored in the capacitor, » = ley E,= Ll, = by N . Holale low magnetic field at O due to ADB (inward) 4nR? Hohl, ot (outward) Magnetic field at O due to ACB = 4nR? 2. Magnetic field at O Ho B=— (1), -1) pep B=0 {using (ii)] Hence proved. 28. Circuit diagram of full wave rectifier Centre-Tap Full wave rectifier Physics—12 eVoltage waveforms ‘Wavetorm ath Input waveform Waverorm at 8 0 Dueto | Duet | Dueto | Dueto | Dp | & fo | VN NN NTS Rectifier works on the principle that a diode only conducts when it is forward biased and does not conduct practically when reverse biased. When voltage at A is higher than B, D, is forward biased whereas D, is reverse biased, therefore current flows in the loop AXYZA and voltage appears across R,. When B is at a higher voltage than A, D, is forward biased whereas D, is reverse biased. Hence, current flows in the loop BXYZB and voltage appears across R,. In both cases, voltage drop across R,, is unidirectional and hence, it is able to rectify the AC voltage to produce pulsating DC. Or The two processes involved are diffusion and drift, As a result of concentration gradient, holes diffuse from p-side to n-side and free electrons diffuse from n-side to p-side. The moment charge carriers cross the junction and leave behind the ionised atoms, ie. the acceptors on p-side (—ve ions) and the donors on n-side (+ve ions) of the junction. Holes Electrons diffuse difuse — ‘Output waveform (across R, 2O | Depletion Region The space charge region on either side of the junction where there are no free charges is known as depletion region. @)29. The following figures show the required circuit diagrams. > a (@) Forward biased p-n junction ——t— 2 + (ii) Reverse biased p-n junction When the p-n junction is forward biased as in Figure (i), the width of the depletion layer decreases. When an external voltage is applied, the barrier potential is reduced thereby, decreasing the width of depletion layer. When the p-n junction is rev. biased as in Figure (ii), the barrier potential increases, thereby, increasing the thickness of the depletion layer. A step-up transformer is based on the principle of mutual induction. (No. oturs, Ns) (No. ots, 3) It consists of two coils wound on asoft iron al " core. One of the coils is called the primary oom coil which is connected to an ac source. ‘The other coil is called the secondary coil and it is connected to the load. ‘Sesondty An alternating potential (V,) when applied to the primary coil is induced an emf in it, a Nee do If resistance of primary coil is low, then V, = ¢, => V, = -NyaP As same flux is linked with the secondary coil with the help of soft iron core due to the mutual induction, an emf is induced in it. de a) dt If an output circuit is opened, V, Physic 630. Thus, N, For step-up transformer, — > 1 N, P ¢ of de voltage, flux does not change. Thus, no emf is induced in the circuit, Or Let an alternating current of J = J,, sin at be passing through a network of L, C and R creating a potential difference of V = V,, sin (ot + $) where 4 is the phase difference. Then the power consumed is given by P=VI=V,1,, sin (ot £9) sin of P=V yd, (Sin of cos $ cos af sin >) sin ot Inca P= Vy, (sin? ot cos 6 + 3 sin 2or sin 4) r r Pdt in otc J Vals {[sin?orcos dt P,= = P,= j = oy = r far { sin sin onde aj r rot p= Van [Zeoso+o] bef Zand { sin2ondt =0 T 2 a 2 a V, = HEB C086 = Vay gs 608 4 When a plane wavefront is incident on a single slit, all the point sources of light constituting the wavefronts are in same phase. The wavelets coming out from the wavefront might meet over the screen with some path difference, i. a phase difference is introduced between them. The brightness at a point on the screen depends on the phase difference between the wavelets meeting at the point. We imagine that the slit is divided into smaller parts and the wavelets coming out from these portions meet and superpose on the screen with proper phase difference. The wavelets from different parts of the wavefront, incident on the slit, meet with zero phase difference to constitute a central maximum. In case of secondary maxima, there are some wavelets meeting the screen out of phase, thus, reducing intensity of secondary maxima. ia aaa Physics —12 6)31. (a) Principle: Current-carrying coil placed in a magnetic field experiences a torque. Working: Suppose current ‘is pas torque, ing through the coil. This coil experiences a t = NBA sin 6 where N is total number of turns in the coil. 6 is the angle between magnetic field vector and area vector of the coil. Counter torque is developed in the spring. If k is the restoring torque per unit angular twist, for an angular twist of ‘0’, we have Restoring torque, v=ko In equilibrium v NiBA sin 6 = k0 ko NBA ‘sind: If the magnetic field is radial, ie., plane of the coil is parallel to the direction of magnetic field then, = 90° kK. ‘NBA = ix® 0 So on caliberating the s le linearly, we can measure the current. Call Uniform Radial Magnetic Field Pivot Softiof core Permanent Magnet 2R ©) i" el R 3 Magnitude of magnetic field induction at an axial point at a distance ‘x’ from the centre of a coil of radius R, number of turns N and carrying current i is given by Physics —12 ”Hy NER? Resultant field ‘B’ due to both the coils at the mid-point P is obtained by putting x=R Be ox tne Rs BDZ = HoNiR? Bere = BONER BONE sn 2v2R*> 2V2R This field acts along the common axis of the coils. Or (a) (@) Magnetic field at a point inside the current carrying wire, iver a Current enclosed by the loop of radius r is Using Ampere’s circuital law, B(2nr) = tigl Physics—12 @)Hol (6) Magnetic field at point a/2 above the surface, B, = 5" Mol Hol 2n(a+$) Sma Magnetic field at point a/2 below the surface is Molt Myl (2) Hol 2 2na? 2na\2 culated as B. na 4 3 Hol Magnetic field is maximum on the surface of wire, Brox = 52> na 32. (a) To explain diffraction pattern in case of single slit (illuminated by monochromatic source) we divide the slit into much smaller parts and add their contributions at any point ‘p’ on the screen with proper phase differences. [using Huygen’s principle]. Meeting at point P Meeting at central point C [We are taking parallel beam of light because angles are very small] We treat each point on the wavefront at the slit as secondary sources. [using Huygen’s principle} As the incoming wavefront is parallel to the plane of the slit, these sources are in phase [using Huygen’s principle] Path difference between the waves coming out from the two edges of the slit is S,P-S,P = SM > S)M =a sin 0 = a0 Physics—12 °For any two point sources, L and L, in the plane of the slit having a separation y, the path difference would be L,P - LP = y0 ie, AP = yO As the initial phase difference is zero, the phase difference between the waves is introduced only due to this path difference. () For the central point on the screen o=0 ap ie, Ad = 0 All the parts ofthe slit contribute in phase. So, maximum intensity is obtained at ‘C (ii) Secondary maxima: Secondary maxima are found at o= (n+ a 2ha Forn"* secondary maxima we can imagine as if sits divided into (2 + 1) parts. Contributions from 2n parts of the slit get cancelled. Only (2 + 1)" part of the slit contributes to the intensity at a point between two minima. With increase in ‘n’ secondary maxima become weaker. (i) Minima: Minima are found at oa mh @ For n“ minima we can imagine as if slit is divided into ‘2n’ parts. Separation between two point sources on consecutive parts will be x 7 As Ap = ey yok mea kh a~2n 2 Path difference of 4 corresponds to phase difference of m (te., waves meet out of phase). There are even number of parts so net intensity is zero at the point on the screen, (b) We know width of central diffraction band is Ww 22.) @ when a’ =2a,W = (i) Size of central maximum will reduce to half. (ii) Intensity of central maximum will be four times Physics —12 (19)Or Principle: For a combination of lenses, magnification gets multiplied. Working: When an object is near the focus of an objective image is formed near the eyepiece. This image acts like an object for second lens, the eyepiece. Being between the focus and optical centre of eyepiece final image is formed at least distance of distinct vision. D e Object AB is subtending angle «at least distance of distnet vision Compound microscope Magnifying power of compound microscope is B_ tanB @ tana tan B in AA'Be AB AB t MBe = 48 an @ in AABe = 4B ABD _ m=-4BD AB "Ue oe But m, = %andm, =1+2 u fe m= + 1+ 2) ule Asu—> f,,v > L, length of microscope. = m= £142 fol te where, L = Iength of microscope tube D = least distance of distinct vision. Magnifying power can be increased by taking objective and eyepiece of small focal lengths. Physic n)33. (a) () We know that wave number ¥ is given by ¥ = 4 (@ The hydrogen atom consists of a nucleus having a charge +e around which an electron of mass m is revolving in a circle of radius r. Since the electrostatic force supplies the necessary centripetal force. ¥ 2 EE = KS, where k = r P 4ne, lo 2 ro fe (1) mv? Also, from Bohr’s second postulate angular momentum is quantised, mor = nt 2x nh = 2) °° Fame @) Putting this value of v in equation (1), we have 2 r= 4m mn? h? 2p? which gives = (3) 4x?mke* Clearly, ron (i) Total energy E,, of the electron in the nth orbit is exe r 2) ( m*!2) r amie x drink? = 2am wh Clearly, Where R is called the Rydberg’s constant. For H, line in Balmer series n= 2,n,=3 1.097 x 107 i 4 9 1.097 107 x = 36 Ble ele Physics—12 (12)36 L097 x5 9, = 3021000 107m = 6563.4 A 1.097 x5 Or Total energy of the electron in a Bohr’s orbit is -1.5 eV. We know that kinetic energy of the electron in any orbit is half of the potential energy in magnitude and potential energy is taken as -ve. x 107 m @ Total energy = kinetic energy + potential energy = E, - 2B, -Ey s 15eV () -2x15=-3eV (c) Energy released when the transition of this electron takes place from this orbit to the ground state = 15 ~(- 13.6) = 151eV = 15.1 x 1.6 x 10°F Let 2 be the wavelength of the light emitted, then nc = 124 x 16x 1075 6.63 x 10" x 3 x 108 15.1 1.6 x 107 2 = 0.8232 x 107m 2 = 823.2 x10 m (d) Here total energy of electron, => he E =~ 136 eV =~ 136 x 16 x 10" =-22x 108 2 From E=— Bnegr _ ne —9 x 10° (1.6 x 107%)? > pe re 2Ane)E 2x (2.2 107 r=53x10"'m Velocity, v= 2 o4neymr Where m = 9.1 x 107! kg Physics—12 (13)9.110 x 107 v 9x10" v = 2.2 x 10° m/s 34. () Gauss law doesn’t depend on internal configuration. (ii) Yes. Gauss law is applicable on symmetric surfaces. (iti) The cause of electric flux production through a closed surface is the total charge enclosed by the surface. Flux will be zero. Or (iii) The Gaussian surface does not pass through any discrete charge because electric field due to a system of discrete charge is not well defined at location at any discrete charge. 35. (i) Aswe know, I= I, + I, + 2vLh cos Intensity will be maximum when, cos 6 = +1 Tnyax = T+ 1, + V2hh = V+ Vhy (ii) A wave completes 4. wavelength while traversing phase difference of 2x. (ii) 1=1, +1, + 2YTI, cos Let L=h=h 1 = 2, + 2h, cos = 4f, cos? + 2 For 2 = path difference 6 =2n 1 = 4I, = k units Fi Ae iff = 2k For 4 = path difference, = 2% = - am _ 3k T= 4}, cost = 38 or (ii) (@) For sustained interference pattern, the source should be coherent, monochromatic and narrow. () Coloured fringes are obtained in place of the dark and light fringes. Physics—12 (14)