C D F G A

D E G A B

C D E F G AB
C D F G A
D E G A B

C D E F G AB
C D F G A
D E G A B

C D E F G AB
C D F G A
D E G A B

C D E F G AB
C D F G A
D E G A B

C D E F G AB
Middle C Octave
Tone Semitone
Tone Semitone
𝄆 𝄇 𝄞 𝄢
𝅝 𝅗𝅥 𝅘𝅥 𝅘𝅥𝅮 𝅘𝅥𝅯
𝄞
𝄢
Major and Minor keys are types
of scales and chords.

C or C major Chord

Cm or C minor chord
To find a major chord – Start on the
root note i.e. C, then count up 4
semitones for the middle note and
then another 3 semitones for the top
note = CEG
To find a minor chord – Start on the
root note i.e. C, then count up 3
semitones for the middle note and
then another 4 semitones for the top
note = CE G
 th
To add a 7 , count up
another 3 semitones

C7 = CEGB
 C D F G A
D E G A B

1 3 2
Root 4 3
2 1

C D E F G AB
 C D F G A
D E G A B
3
1 3

Root 2 1 2 4

C D E F G AB
 C D F G A
D E G A B
3
1 3 2 1
Root 4 3
2 1 2

C D E F G AB
 Key Sharps ( )
Major Minor 0 1 2 3 4 5
C A -
G E F
D B F C
A F F C G
E C F C G D
B G F C G D A
 Key Flats ( )
Major Minor 0 1 2 3 4 5
C A -
F D B
B G B E
E C B E A
A F B E A D
D B B E A D G