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1 Terminologies 2

“ Medical and
Surgical Asepsis



Chain of Infection

Mode of Transmission

” 


Standard Precautions

Contamination

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Terminologies 3 Terminologies 4

 Decontamination  Healthcare Associated Infection

 Disinfection  Iatrogenic Infection

 Sterilization  Occupational Exposure

 Antiseptic  Personal Protective Equipment

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Infection 5 Disease 6

 The growth of microorganisms in body tissue  A detectable alteration in normal tissue function
where they are not usually found.

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Asepsis 7 Most Common 8

Nosocomial Infection
 Goals: ❑ Escherichia coli
❑ Protect the patient from Nosocomial infection ❑ Staphylococcus aureus
❑ Prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganism ❑ Pseudimonas aeruginosa
❑ Candida albicans

 Factors on Infection: ❑ Enterococcus

❑ Immune System
❑ Prolonged Duration of Illness
❑ Procedures

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Asepsis 9 General Aseptic 10

Procedures
 Medical Asepsis  Frequent Handwashing
 Surgical Asepsis
 Safe Disposal of contaminated materials

 Regular checking and emptying of containers

 Prompt cleaning

 Proper labeling

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Handwashing 11 Healthcare Acquired 12

Infections
 Reduce flora in skin  Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)

 Protection if there are break in skin

 Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

 Reduce risk of contact to infectious agent

 Penicillin –resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

 Reduce transmission of infection

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When to do Handwashing 13 Personal Protective 14

 At the beginning and end of each shift
Equipment (PPE)
 Gloves
 When the hands are visibly soiled  Mask
 Sterile Gowns
 After contact with a possible source of ---
microorganism
 Head Caps
 Eye Protector/ goggles
 Before and after invasive procedure are
performed

 Before removing gloves

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Gloves 15 Guidelines on Proper use 16

 Examination gloves
of Gloves (WHO)
 Not meant to replace proper hand hygiene
 Surgical gloves

 Must be worn if contact to potentially infectious material

 Must be removed and disposed after caring for a patient

 Must be changed if moving from a contaminated body

site to another

 Re –using after decontamination is not recommended

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Masks 17 Sterile Gown 18

 Sterility Parameters:
❑ The front of a sterile gown is
considered sterile from the
chest down to the level of the
sterile field
❑ The gown sleeves are sterile 2
inches above and below the
cuff, circumferentially
❑ The back of the gown is not
considered sterile
❑ The neck, sleeve cuffs and
underarms are not considered
sterile

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Isolation Precautions 19 Transmission Based 20

Precaution
 Proper Handwashing  Contact Precautions
 Use of PPE
 Proper handling and disposal of excretion and  Droplet Precautions
secretions
 Proper handling and disposal of soiled linen and
equipment  Airborne Precautions

 Environmental Control
 Prevention of Injury
 Patient placement

Aseptic Measures in the 21 Preventing Infection in the 22

Operation Room Community

The End 23