Mensuration Formula And Questions for 2D And 3D Shapes

Mensuration is the branch of mathematics that deals with measurements of different figures and
shapes of geometry. If you are searching for Mensuration Formulas then you can checkout here.

Posted byShivali Rangra Published On May 26th, 2022

Table of Contents

Mensuration Formula

Mensuration Formula And Questions: Mensuration is the branch of mathematics that deals with
measurements of different figures and shapes of geometry. It involves the calculation of areas,
volumes etc of shapes. Various Mensuration formulas are covered in Geometry useful for the exam
point. In order to excel in this topic, you must know the formulas and concepts used to solve the
questions. Check out the important basic maths mensuration formulas covered in this post with
proper explanation.

Get free notes of Maths

What are 2D and 3D shapes?

2D Shapes- In geometry, a two-dimensional shape is a flat plane figure or a shape that has only two
dimensions i.e. length and width. Two-dimensional or 2-D shapes do not possess any thickness and
can be measured in only two faces. Only the area and perimeter of 2D shapes can be calculated.

3D Shapes- A three-dimensional shape is where the figure has three dimensions namely length,
width and thickness. We calculate volume, curved surface area, the total surface area of 3D shapes.

Mensuration Formula of 2D Shapes

Check out the formula for area and perimeter of some of the 2D shapes:
 Shape Area (Square units) Perimeter (units)

Square a² 4a

Rectangle l×b 2 ( l + b)

Circle πr² 2πr

√[s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)],
Scalene Triangle a+b+c
Where, s = (a+b+c)/2

Isosceles Triangle ½×b×h 2a + b

Equilateral Triangle (√3/4) × a² 3a

Right Angle Triangle ½×b×h b + hypotenuse + h

Rhombus ½ × d1 × d2 4 × side

Parallelogram b×h 2(l+b)

Trapezium ½ h(a+b) a+b+c+d

Area Of Trapezium: Definition, Properties, Formula And Examples

Mensuration Formula of 3D Shapes

Check out the formula for some of the 3D shapes in geometry:

Curved Surface Area (CSA) or

Volume (Cubic Total Surface Area (TSA) (Square
Shape Lateral Surface Area (LSA) (Square
units) units)
units)

Cube a³ 4 a² 6 a²

Cuboid l×b×h 2 h (l + b) 2 (lb +bh +hl)

Sphere (4/3) π r³ 4 π r² 4 π r²
 Curved Surface Area (CSA) or
Volume (Cubic Total Surface Area (TSA) (Square
Shape Lateral Surface Area (LSA) (Square
units) units)
units)

Hemisphere (⅔) π r³ 2 π r² 3 π r²

Cylinder π r² h 2π r h 2πrh + 2πr²

Cone (⅓) π r² h πrl πr (r + l)

Mensuration Formulas In Detail

Triangles: Notes And Questions
Volume Of A Sphere: Definition, Formula And Examples
Mensuration Questions

Q1. The radius of a cylinder is 10 cm and the height is 4 cm. The number of centimetres that may
be added either to the radius or to the height to get the same increase in the volume of the
cylinder is :
(a) 5
(b) 4
(c) 25
(d) 16

Ans. (a)
Sol.
Let ‘a’ cm is added in radius and height
π(10+a)²4 = π (10)² (4 +a)
(10+a)²4 = 10² (4 +a)
⇒ a = 5 cm

Q2. A solid sphere of radius 6 cm is melted to form a hollow right circular cylindrical tube of length
8 cm and external radius 10 cm. The thickness of the tube in m is
एक 6 सेमी त्रिज्या वाले ठोस गोले को एक 8 सेमी लम्बाई और 10 सेमी बाहरी त्रिज्या वाले एक खोखली
लम्ब वृत्तीय बेलनाकार ट्यूब बनाने के त्रलए त्रिघलाया जाता है । ट्यूब की मोटाई मीटर में त्रकतनी है?
(a) 1
(b) 0.01
(c) 2
(d) .02

Ans.(d)
Sol.
Volume of solid sphere
=4/3 π(6)³=288π cu.cm
⇒ Volume of the metal of tube
π(R² – r²)h cu.cm
where R = 10 cm, h = 8 cm
r = inner radius
∴ π(R²-r²)×h = 288π
⇒ (100 -r²) = 36
⇒ r = 8 cm
∴ thickness of cube = (10 – 8)cm
= 2 cm
= 0.02 m

Q3. PQRS is a rectangle. The ratio of the sides PQ and QR is 3 : 1. If the length of the diagonal PR is
10 cm, then what is the area (in cm²) of the rectangle?
PQRS एक आयत है । भुजाओं PQ और QR का अनुिात 3: 1 है. यत्रि त्रवकर्ण PR की लंबाई 10 सेमी है, तो
आयत का क्षेिफल (वगण सेमी में) क्या है?
(a) 15
(b) 30
(c) 45
(d) 20
Ans.(b)
Sol.

PQRS is a rectangle
PR = 10 given
PQ : QR = 3 : 1
In ∆PQR
9x² + x² = 100
10x² = 100
x = √10
Area of rectangle = 3x × 1x
= 3x²
= 3 × 10
= 30

Q4. The base of a prism is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. If the perimeter of the base is 18
cm and the height of the prism is 20 cm, then what is the volume (in cm³) of the prism?
एक त्रिज्म का आधार समबाहु त्रिभुज के आकार में है । यत्रि आधार की िररत्रध 18 सेमी है और त्रिज्म की
ऊंचाई 20 सेमी है, तो त्रिज्म का आयतन (घन सेमी में) क्या है ?
(a) 180√3
(b) 30√6
(c) 60√2
(d) 120√3

Ans. (A)
Sol.
Given:-
Perimeter = 18 &height=20
Hence ,Side = 6
Volume of prism = area of base × height
= √3/4×6 × 6 × 20
V = 180√3 cm3

Q5. The height of a cone is 24 cm and the area of the base is 154 cm². What is the curved surface
area (in cm²) of the cone?
एक शंकु की ऊंचाई 24 सेमी है और आधार का क्षेिफल 154 वगण सेमी है । शंकु का वक्र िृष्ठीय क्षेिफल
(वगण सेमी में) क्या है?
(a) 484
(b) 550
(c) 525
(d) 515

Ans.(B)
Sol. Area of base = 154
πr² = 154
22/7×r^2=154
r=7

Height = 24
Radius = 7
Slant height(ℓ) = √(h²+r² )
ℓ =√(24²+7² )
ℓ=25
C.S.A. = πrℓ
= 22/7×7×25
C.S.A. ⇒ 550 cm²

Q6. A right circular solid cylinder has radius of base 7 cm and height is 28 cm. It is melted to form a
cuboid such that the ratio of its side is 2 : 3 : 6. What is the total surface area (in cm²) cuboid?
एक लंब वृत्तीय ठोस बेलन का आधार 7 सेमी और ऊंचाई 28 सेमी है । यह एक घनाभ बनाने के त्रलए
त्रिघलाया जाता है , त्रजसकी भुजाओं का अनुिात 2: 3: 6. है । घनाभ का कुल िृष्ठीय क्षेिफल (वगण सेमी में)
क्या है ?
(a)72 ∛(( (1078)²)/(9²))
(b) ∛(2156/9)
(c) ∛(2148/3)
(d) ∛(2048/3)

Ans.(A)
Sol. according to question a cylinder is transforming into a cuboid as shown in figure below

Volume of cylinder = volume of cuboid

22/7×7×7×28=2x×3x×6x
x^3=1078/9 ⇒x=∛(1078/9)
T. Surface area of cuboid = 2 [ℓb + bh + hℓ]
=2×(1078/9)^(2/3) [2×3+3×6+6×2]
T.S.A.=72×(1078/9)^(2/3)

Q7. ABCDEF is a regular hexagon. What is the ratio of the area of triangle ACE and area of triangle
AEF?
ABCDEF एक त्रनयत्रमत षट् भुज है । त्रिभुज ACE के क्षेिफल और त्रिभुज AEF के क्षेिफल का अनुिात क्या
है ? (a) 6 : 1
(b) 4 : 1
(c) 3 : 1
(d) 5 : 1

Ans.(c)
Sol.

Given is a regular hexagon

In a regular hexagon, there are 6 equilateral triangle as shown by dotted line
Area of ∆ACE = 1/2×[Area of 6 equilateral triangle]
= 3 equilateral triangle.
Area of ∆AEF = 1/2×[Area of 2 equilateral ∆]
= 1 equilateral triangle.
Hence ratio of
Area ACE : Area AEF = 3 : 1

Numerically proved
Let length of side of hexagon = 12
Interior angle ∠ABC = ((x–2)×180)/n = ((6–2)×180)/6 = 120
Area of ∆ABC = 1/2×AB×BC×sin⁡120
=1/2×12×12×cos⁡30
Area of ∆ABC = 36√3
Similarly
Area ∆CDE = Area ∆AEF = 36√3
Area of hexagon = 6×√3/4×12×12 = 216√3
Area of ACE = Area of hexagon – [Area of ∆ABC + ∆CDE + ∆AEF]
= 216√3 –108√3
= 108√3
∴ Area of ACE : Area of AEF = 108√3 ∶36√3
=3:1

Q8. ABCD is a trapezium. Sides AB and CD are parallel to each other. AB = 6 cm, CD = 18 cm, BC = 8
cm and AD = 12 cm. A line parallel to AB divides the trapezium in two parts of equal perimeter.
This line cuts BC at E and AD at F. If BE/EC = AF/FD, than what is the value of BE/EC?
ABCD एक टर े िेत्ऱियम है । भुजा AB और CD एक िू सरे के समानांतर हैं । AB = 6 सेमी, CD = 18 सेमी, BC = 8
सेमी और AD = 12 सेमी है । A रे खा AB के समांतर है , जो टर े िेत्ऱियम को समान िररत्रध के िो भागों में
त्रवभात्रजत करती है । यह रे खा BC को E और AD को F िर काटती है । यत्रि BE/EC = AF/FD, तो BE/EC का
मान क्या है ?
(a) 1/2
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 1/4
Ans.(c)
Sol.

All given values are shown in diagram

Let BE = x then EC = 8 – x
BE/EC=AF/FD (condition given)
Reverse the given condition & add 1 both side
EC/BE+1=FD/AF+1
(EC+BE)/BE=(FD+AF)/AF⇒BC/BE=AD/AF …(i)
Put values in eq. (i) → 8/x=12/AF AF=3x/2 & FD=12–3x/2
Now perimeter FABE = FECD
FA + AB + BE + FE = EC + CD + DF + FE
3x/2+6+x=8 –x+18+(12–3x/2)
5x = 32
x=32/5=BE, hence EC=8 –32/5=8/5
∴ BE/EC=(32/5)/(8/5)=4

Geometry Study Notes: Triangles, Lines And Angles

Click here for more Maths Study Notes

SSC CGL Exams Related Links

SSC CGL SSC CGL Salary

SSC CGL Exam pattern SSC CGL Admit Card

SSC CGL Cut Off SSC CGL Result

SSC CGL Syllabus SSC CGL Exam Analysis

SSC CGL Answer Key SSC CGL Marks