LUMINAMATH COMPETITION MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM

2ND Grade

CHAPTER 1. NATURAL NUMBERS

1.1. Operations with natural numbers

Operations with natural numbers; calculation rules with powers

1.2. Divisibility of natural numbers

Multiple, divisor, the divisibility by 10, 2, 5, 3, 9 criteria

Prime numbers and composite numbers.

Properties of the divisibility relation in N:

a|a, ∀a∈N; a|b and b|a → a=b, ∀a,b∈N;

a|b and b|c → a|c, ∀a,b,c∈N;

a|b → a|k∙b, ∀a,b,k∈N;

a|b and a|c → a|(b±c), ∀a,b,c∈N.

1.3. Common divisors, common multiples

Common divisors of two or more natural numbers; greatest common divisor, prime numbers between
them.

Common multiples of two or more natural numbers; least common multiple, the relationship between
GCD and LCM

Simple problems that are solved using divisibility.

CHAPTER 2. THE SET OF RATIONAL NUMBERS

2.1. Rational numbers

Equivalent fractions; irreducible fraction; the notion of rational number; forms of writing a rational
number; The absolute value.

Comparing and ordering rational numbers. The integer part of a rational number.
2.2. Operations with rational numbers

Operations with rational numbers; properties.

Order of operations and use of parentheses.

Weighted arithmetic mean.

2.3. Equations in Q

Equation of the form ax+b=0, a∈Q, a≠0, b∈Q.

Problems that are solved with the help of equations.

CHAPTER 3. RATIOS AND PROPORTIONS

3.1. Ordinary fractions

Definition; percentages; problems in which percentages appear.

Sizes directly proportional; cross-multiplication

Inversely proportional quantities.

3.2. Proportion

Proportion; fundamental property of proportions; finding an unknown term in a proportion.

3.3. Statistical elements

Data organization elements; data representation through graphs; probabilities.

CHAPTER 4. INTEGERS

4.1. Integers

The set of integers Z; the opposite of an integer; representation on the number axis; absolute value
(module); comparing and ordering integers.
4.2. Operations with integers

Addition of whole numbers; properties.

Subtraction of integers.

Multiplication of whole numbers; properties; the set of multiples of an integer.

Dividing integers when the dividend is a multiple of the divisor; the set of divisors of an integer.

Power of an integer with a natural number exponent; calculation rules with powers.

Order of operations and use of parentheses.

4.3. Equations

Equations in Z; inequalities in Z.

Problems that are solved with the help of equations.

CHAPTER 5. GEOMETRIC FIGURES

5.1. Congruence of triangles

Triangle: definition, elements; classification of triangles; the perimeter of the triangle.

Construction of triangles: cases SAS, ASA, SSS. Congruence of certain triangles: criteria for congruence of
triangles: SAS, ASA, SSS.

The congruent triangles method of proof

5.2. Perpendicularity

Perpendicular lines (definition, notation, square construction); oblique lines; the distance from a point
to a line. The altitude in a triangle (definition, drawing). Concurrency of altitudes in a triangle (without
proof).

Congruence criteria of right triangles: HL, HA, LL, LA.

Area of the triangle (intuitively on grids of squares).

Perpendicular bisector of a segment; the property of the points on the perpendicular bisector of a
segment; construction of the median of a segment with straightedge and compass; concurrence of the
perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle; symmetry to a straight line.

Property of the points on the bisector of an angle; construction of the bisector of an angle with
straightedge and compass; concurrence of the bisectors of the angles of a triangle.
5.3. Area of the triangle

Area of the triangle (formula)

5.4. Parallelism

Parallel lines (definition, notation); construction of parallel lines (by translation); axiom of parallels.

Parallelism criteria (angles formed by two parallel lines with a secant).

5.5. Properties of triangles

The sum of the measures of the angles of a triangle; exterior angle of a triangle, exterior angle theorem.

Median in the triangle; concurrency of the medians of a triangle (without proof).

5.6. Properties of the isosceles and equilateral triangle

Properties of the isosceles triangle (angles, important lines, symmetry).

Properties of the equilateral triangle (angles, important lines, symmetry).

5.7. Properties of the right triangle

Properties of the right triangle (leg opposite to the 30° angle, median corresponding to the hypotenuse-
direct and reciprocal theorems).