CLASS X, BIOLOGY, TERM II PRACTICALS

SESSION: 2021-22
AIM
To study
 binary fission in Amoeba, and
 budding in yeast with the help of prepared slides.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Compound microscope, permanent slides of binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast.
THEORY
Binary Fission – This is a type of asexual reproduction which takes place in Amoeba. In this type of
reproduction, parent cell divides into two small, nearly equal sized identical daughter cells. The two
daughter cells then grow into adult organism. In binary fission parental identity is lost.
Budding – This is also a type of asexual reproduction which is common in yeast. In this type of
reproduction, a small bud-like outgrowth develops at the parent cell. This bud enlarges in size. The
nucleus also enlarges in size and divides to form two nuclei. Out of these two nuclei, one goes into
developing bud. When the bud attains almost the same size as that of parent cell, a separating wall
is laid down between the bud and parent cell. This bud may detach from the parent cell or may
produce another bud over it.
PROCEDURE
1. Select the slide of binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast.
2. Set-up a compound microscope. While looking through the eye piece, adjust the mirror and
diaphragm so that microscope is illuminated.
3. Now, place the slide on stage and focus at low power. Observe it.
4. Without removing the slide, now change the focus to high power. Observe it.
OBSERVATIONS
(a) Binary Fission in Amoeba
 This is a type of asexual reproduction in which two daughter cells (or two individuals) are formed
from a single parent.
 Parent cell becomes elongated.
 Nucleus divides first and then the cytoplasm divides.
 At the point of fission, constriction appears and deepens to divide the cell into two daughter cells.

(b) Budding in Yeast

 In this type of asexual reproduction, a small protuberance or outgrowth arises from the parent
body called bud.
 Nucleus divides to form two daughter nuclei, of which one passes into the bud.
 The bud now detaches from the parent body and grows independently as a new individual or may
remain attached to parent body, forming chain of cells.
 Parental identity is not lost.
RESULT
The slides show reproduction by binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast.
PRECAUTIONS
1. Always focus the slide, first at low power and then at high power.
2. While focussing at high power, do not use coarse adjustment of microscope. Only use fine
adjustment.