INTRODUCTION

• After determining learning objectives, the next step is the

Teaching Strategies selection of teaching strategies or methods in relation to
the desired objectives.
• Teaching Strategies or methods come in many forms:
lecture, class discussion, small group discussion, and
videotapes are among just a few types of teaching
methods.
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺧطوة اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ ھﻲ اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺎت أو‬، ‫ﺑﻌد ﺗﺣدﯾد أھداف اﻟﺗﻌﻠم‬
.‫طرق اﻟﺗدرﯾس ﻓﯾﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﻌﻠق ﺑﺎﻷھداف اﻟﻣرﺟوة‬
، ‫ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة‬:‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ اﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺎت أو طرق اﻟﺗدرﯾس ﻓﻲ أﺷﻛﺎل ﻋدﯾدة‬
PREPARED BY:-
‫ وأﺷرطﺔ اﻟﻔﯾدﯾو ھﻲ‬، ‫ واﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة‬، ‫واﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺻل‬
MS. Anitha Madhappan
.‫ﻣن ﺑﯾن أﻧواع ﻗﻠﯾﻠﺔ ﻣن طرق اﻟﺗدرﯾس‬
College of Nursing
Jazan University

MEANING Teaching methodology

Teaching strategies:
• A teaching methodology is essentially the way in which a
• It is also known as instructional strategies, are methods that
teachers use to deliver course material in ways that keep teacher chooses to explain or teach material to students so

students engaged and practicing different skill sets. they can learn the material. There are many different

Teaching methodology : methodologies that can be utilized by a teacher (lecture,

• A teaching methodology is essentially the way in which a teacher group discussion, problem based learning, role play, panel

chooses to explain or teach material to students so they can discussion, workshop, student seminar and presentation and
learn the material. symposium) ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﺗدرﯾس‬
:‫اﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺎت اﻟﺗدرﯾس‬
‫ وھﻲ طرق ﯾﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﻌﻠﻣون ﻟﺗﻘدﯾم‬، ‫ﺿﺎ ﺑﺎﺳم اﻻﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺎت اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ‬ ً ‫ﺗ ُﻌرف أﯾ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﺗدرﯾس ھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺧﺗﺎر ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﻌﻠم ﺷرح أو‬
‫ﻣواد اﻟدورة اﻟﺗدرﯾﺑﯾﺔ ﺑطرق ﺗﺣﺎﻓظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ اﻟطﻼب وﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت‬ ‫ ھﻧﺎك اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن‬.‫ﺗدرﯾس اﻟﻣواد ﻟﻠطﻼب ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗﻣﻛﻧوا ﻣن ﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻣﺎدة‬
.‫اﻟﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺎت اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﻣﻛن أن ﯾﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﻌﻠم )ﻣﺣﺎﺿرة‬
: ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﺗدرﯾس‬ ، ‫ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻧﻘﺎش‬، ‫ ﻟﻌب اﻷدوار‬، ‫ اﻟﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻘﺎﺋم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت‬، ‫ﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻧﮭﺟﯾﺔ اﻟﺗدرﯾس ھﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺧﺗﺎر ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﻌﻠم ﺷرح أو ﺗدرﯾس‬ (‫ واﻟﻌرض اﻟﺗﻘدﯾﻣﻲ واﻟﻧدوة‬، ‫ اﻟﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟدراﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠطﻼب‬، ‫ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻣل‬
.‫اﻟﻣواد ﻟﻠطﻼب ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗﻣﻛﻧوا ﻣن ﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻣﺎدة‬
 Common teaching methods:
1.Lecture
1- Lecture
Lecture can be defined as a highly structured method by which the
2- Group discussion
3- Role play :‫طرق اﻟﺗدرﯾس اﻟﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬ educator verbally transmits information directly to a group of
‫ ﻣﺣﺎﺿرة‬-1
4- Seminars ‫ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ ﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬-2 learners for the purpose of instruction. It is one of the oldest and
5- Workshop ‫ ﻟﻌب اﻷدوار‬-3
6- Paneldiscussion ‫ اﻟﻧدوات‬-4 most often used approaches to teaching.
‫ ورﺷﺔ ﻋﻣل‬-5
7-Assignment method ‫ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ ﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬-6
‫ طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻧﺎزل‬-7
8- Student presentation
‫ ﻋرض اﻟطﺎﻟب‬-8
9- Symposium ‫ اﻟﻧدوة‬-9 ‫ ﻣﺣﺎﺿرة‬.1
problem based learning ‫اﻟﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻘﺎﺋم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣل اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﻌرﯾف اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﯾﻘوم اﻟﻣﻌﻠم‬
‫ﻣن ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﻧﻘل اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﺷﻔﮭﯾًﺎ ﻣﺑﺎﺷرة إﻟﻰ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣن‬
NOTE : Different teaching and learning strategies can be used, the educator must ‫ إﻧﮭﺎ واﺣدة ﻣن أﻗدم ﻣﻧﺎھﺞ اﻟﺗدرﯾس‬.‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣﯾن ﻟﻐرض اﻟﺗدرﯾس‬
be carefully select the suitable methods for the stated learning objectives and .‫وأﻛﺛرھﺎ اﺳﺗﺧداًﻣﺎ‬
outcomes .
‫ وﯾﺟب ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫ ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧدام اﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺎت ﺗﻌﻠﯾم وﺗﻌﻠم ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬:‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻣرﺑﻲ أن ﯾﺧﺗﺎر ﺑﻌﻧﺎﯾﺔ اﻟطرق اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻷھداف وﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻣذﻛورة‬

TYPES OF LECTURE : Advantages of lecture method

A.TRADITIONAL ORAL ESSAY • Present many ideas in a short time
Ø The teacher is the only speaker. • Provide common background for all students
B. PARTICIPATORY LECTURE • Good for large groups
Ø Begins with learners brainstorming ideas on the lecture topic on
what they have read in preparation. • An efficient, cost-effective
C. FEEDBACK LECTURE • Useful to describe patterns, highlight main ideas and summarize data.
Ø Consists with mini lectures with 10-minutes small group discussion • An effective approach for cognitive learning.
Ø Opportunity to manipulate the lecture content • Useful in providing foundational background information as a basis for
D. Mediated Lecture subsequent learning, such as group discussion.
Ø Use of media such as films , slides , Web based images along with
traditional lecture • Easily supplemented with printed handouts and other audiovisual
:‫أﻧواع اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرات‬
materials to enhance learning. ‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة‬
‫ اﻟﻣﻘﯾﺎس اﻟﺷﻔوي اﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾدي‬.‫أ‬
.‫اﻟﻣﻌﻠم ھو اﻟﻣﺗﺣدث اﻟوﺣﯾد‬ ‫ﻗدم اﻟﻌدﯾد ﻣن اﻷﻓﻛﺎر ﻓﻲ وﻗت ﻗﺻﯾر‬
‫ ﻣﺣﺎﺿرة ﺗﺷﺎرﻛﯾﺔ‬.‫ب‬ ‫ﻗدم ﺧﻠﻔﯾﺔ ﻣﺷﺗرﻛﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟطﻼب‬
.‫ﯾﺑدأ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣﯾن اﻟذﯾن ﯾﻘوﻣون ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺻف اﻟذھﻧﻲ ﻟﻸﻓﻛﺎر ﺣول ﻣوﺿوع اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة ﺣول ﻣﺎ ﻗرأوه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺣﺿﯾر‬ ‫ﺟﯾد ﻟﻠﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة‬
‫ ﻣﺣﺎﺿرة ردود اﻟﻔﻌل‬.‫ج‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة وﻓﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺣﯾث اﻟﺗﻛﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ دﻗﺎﺋق‬10 ‫ﺗﺗﻛون ﻣن ﻣﺣﺎﺿرات ﺻﻐﯾرة ﻣﻊ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ ﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ ﺻﻐﯾرة ﻣدﺗﮭﺎ‬ .‫ﻣﻔﯾد ﻟوﺻف اﻷﻧﻣﺎط وإﺑراز اﻷﻓﻛﺎر اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ وﺗﻠﺧﯾص اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﻓرﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻼﻋب ﺑﻣﺣﺗوى اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة‬ .‫ﻧﮭﺞ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﻣﺣﺎﺿرة ﺑوﺳﺎطﺔ‬.‫د‬
.‫ ﻣﺛل اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬، ‫ﻣﻔﯾد ﻓﻲ ﺗوﻓﯾر ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻛﺄﺳﺎس ﻟﻠﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﻼﺣق‬
‫اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟوﺳﺎﺋط ﻣﺛل اﻷﻓﻼم واﻟﺷراﺋﺢ واﻟﺻور اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻧدة إﻟﻰ اﻟوﯾب ﺟﻧﺑًﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻧب ﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرات اﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾدﯾﺔ‬
.‫ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﻛﻣﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺳﮭوﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺷرات اﻟﻣطﺑوﻋﺔ وﻏﯾرھﺎ ﻣن اﻟﻣواد اﻟﺳﻣﻌﯾﺔ واﻟﺑﺻرﯾﺔ ﻟﺗﻌزﯾز اﻟﺗﻌﻠم‬

Disadvantages of lecture method
• No student participation opinions with one another and with the educator.
• Instructor do all the work Key principles for Group Discussion
• Cannot estimate student background
• No means of checking student learning
• Difficult to hold attention of all students
• Need considerable skill in speaking
‫ﻣﺳﺎوئ طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة‬
‫ﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ طﻼﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻘوم اﻟﻣدرب ﺑﻛل اﻟﻌﻣل‬
‫ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﻘدﯾر ﺧﻠﻔﯾﺔ اﻟطﺎﻟب‬
‫ﻻ ﺗوﺟد وﺳﯾﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻘق ﻣن ﺗﻌﻠم اﻟطﻼب‬
‫ﻣن اﻟﺻﻌب ﺟذب اﻧﺗﺑﺎه ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟطﻼب‬
‫ﺗﺣﺗﺎج ﻣﮭﺎرة ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺣدث‬
2.Group Discussion
MEANING :Group discussion is defined as a method of teaching whereby
learners get together to actively exchange information, feelings, and
• Forming heterogeneous teams
• Stressing student accountability
• Providing meaningful team assignments focusing on solving real-world
problems
• Providing feedback to students ‫ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬.2
‫ ﺗ ُﻌﱠرف اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﻌﻠﯾم ﺣﯾث ﯾﺟﺗﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣون ﻣﻌًﺎ‬:‫اﻟﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬
.‫ﻟﺗﺑﺎدل اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت واﻟﻣﺷﺎﻋر واﻵراء ﺑﻧﺷﺎط ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺿﮭم اﻟﺑﻌض وﻣﻊ اﻟﻣرﺑﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺑﺎدئ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺷﻛﯾل ﻓرق ﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺄﻛﯾد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺎءﻟﺔ اﻟطﺎﻟب‬
‫ﺗوﻓﯾر ﻣﮭﺎم ﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ ذات ﻣﻐزى ﺗرﻛز ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣل ﻣﺷﻛﻼت اﻟﻌﺎﻟم اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘدﯾم اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻟراﺟﻌﺔ ﻟﻠطﻼب‬

Advantages of group discussion 3. Role Play

• Enhances learning in both the affective and cognitive domains.
• Is both learner centered and subject centered. Role playing is a learning structure that allows students to
• Stimulates learners to think about issues and problems.
immediately apply content as they are put in the role of a
• Encourages members to exchange their own experiences, thereby making learning
more active. decision maker. students adopt and act out such roles as they
• Provides opportunities for sharing of ideas and concerns.
‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬ might be expected to carry out when trained.
.‫ﯾﻌزز اﻟﺗﻌﻠم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺟﺎﻻت اﻟﻌﺎطﻔﯾﺔ واﻟﻣﻌرﻓﯾﺔ‬
ً ‫أن ﯾﻛون اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠم ﻣﺗﻣرﻛًزا وﻣوﺿو‬
.‫ﻋﺎ‬ ‫ ﻟﻌب اﻟدور‬.3
.‫ﺗﺣﻔز اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣﯾن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺿﺎﯾﺎ واﻟﻣﺷﻛﻼت‬
ً ‫ ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﺟﻌل اﻟﺗﻌﻠم أﻛﺛر ﻧﺷﺎ‬، ‫ﯾﺷﺟﻊ اﻷﻋﺿﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺑﺎدل ﺧﺑراﺗﮭم اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
.‫طﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌب اﻷدوار ھو ھﯾﻛل ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﻲ ﯾﺳﻣﺢ ﻟﻠطﻼب ﺑﺗطﺑﯾق اﻟﻣﺣﺗوى‬
Disadvantages of group discussion .‫ﺻﺎ ﻟﺗﺑﺎدل اﻷﻓﻛﺎر واﻟﻣﺧﺎوف‬
ً ‫ﯾوﻓر ﻓر‬ ‫ ﯾﺗﺑﻧﻰ اﻟطﻼب‬.‫ﻓوًرا ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم وﺿﻌﮭم ﻓﻲ دور ﺻﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﻘرار‬
• One or more members may dominate the discussion. ‫وﯾؤدﯾون ﻣﺛل ھذه اﻷدوار اﻟﺗﻲ ﻗد ﯾﺗوﻗﻊ ﻣﻧﮭم اﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﮭﺎ ﻋﻧد‬
.‫ﺗدرﯾﺑﮭم‬
• Easy to stray from the topic, which interferes with achievement of the objectives.
• Shy learners may refuse to become involved or may need a great deal of
encouragement to participate.
• More time consuming to transmit information ‫ﻣﺳﺎوئ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬
.‫ﻗد ﯾﮭﯾﻣن ﻋﺿو واﺣد أو أﻛﺛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬
.‫ﺳﮭوﻟﺔ اﻻﺑﺗﻌﺎد ﻋن اﻟﻣوﺿوع ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾﺗﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ ﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻷھداف‬
.‫ﻗد ﯾرﻓض اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣون اﻟﺧﺟوﻟون اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ أو ﻗد ﯾﺣﺗﺎﺟون إﻟﻰ ﻗدر ﻛﺑﯾر ﻣن اﻟﺗﺷﺟﯾﻊ ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﻐرق وﻗﺗ ًﺎ أطول ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘل اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬
ADVANTAGES OF ROLE PLAY
4.Seminars
• Attempts to place students in situation as near reality as possible
• Students learn actively to exercise the ways of behaving and responding § Seminars are for small groups of students studying the same
that are expected when occupying that role course. They are normally led by a tutor in a seminar room.
• Develop real communication skills § Seminars are designed for students to talk about topics in the
• Effective to both slow and fast learner ‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ ﻟﻌب اﻷدوار‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎوﻻت ﻟوﺿﻊ اﻟطﻼب ﻓﻲ ﻣوﻗف أﻗرب ﻣﺎ ﯾﻛون إﻟﻰ اﻟواﻗﻊ‬ course reading or lectures in detail, so students have to take an
‫ﯾﺗﻌﻠم اﻟطﻼب ﺑﻧﺷﺎط ﻟﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ طرق اﻟﺗﺻرف واﻻﺳﺗﺟﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺗوﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻧد ﺷﻐل ھذا اﻟدور‬ active part in the lecture. Sometimes the tutor will lead the
‫ﺗطوﯾر ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻻﺗﺻﺎل اﻟﺣﻘﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬
DISADVANTAGES ‫ﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻛل ﻣن اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﺑطﻲء واﻟﺳرﯾﻊ‬ seminar, or they might choose students to make a presentation.
• Requires a high level of preparation by the teacher and students so That
roles are realistically acted out ‫ ﻧدوات‬.4
• Not appropriate for large groups. ‫اﻟﻧدوات ﻣﺧﺻﺻﺔ ﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت ﺻﻐﯾرة ﻣن اﻟطﻼب اﻟذﯾن ﯾدرﺳون ﻧﻔس‬
.‫ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﯾﻘودھم ﻣدرس ﻓﻲ ﻏرﻓﺔ اﻟﻧدوة‬.‫اﻟدورة اﻟﺗدرﯾﺑﯾﺔ‬
• Requires considerable planning.
‫ﺗم ﺗﺻﻣﯾم اﻟﻧدوات ﻟﻠطﻼب ﻟﻠﺗﺣدث ﻋن ﻣوﺿوﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟدورة اﻟﺗدرﯾﺑﯾﺔ‬
• Time-consuming and strongly dependent on student’s imagination ‫ ﻟذﻟك ﯾﺗﻌﯾن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﻼب اﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑدور‬، ‫أو ﻗراءة اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرات ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻔﺻﯾل‬
‫ﺳﻠﺑﯾﺎت‬ ‫ أو ﻗد ﯾﺧﺗﺎر‬، ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌض اﻷﺣﯾﺎن ﯾﻘود اﻟﻣﻌﻠم اﻟﻧدوة‬.‫ﻧﺷط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺣﺎﺿرة‬
‫ﯾﺗطﻠب ﻣﺳﺗوى ﻋﺎﻟﯾًﺎ ﻣن اﻹﻋداد ﻣن ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣﻌﻠم واﻟطﻼب ﺑﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﺗﻣﺛﯾل اﻷدوار ﺑﺷﻛل‬
.‫اﻟطﻼب ﻟﺗﻘدﯾم ﻋرض ﺗﻘدﯾﻣﻲ‬
‫واﻗﻌﻲ‬
.‫ﻏﯾر ﻣﻧﺎﺳب ﻟﻠﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة‬
.‫ﯾﺗطﻠب ﻗدرا ﻛﺑﯾرا ﻣن اﻟﺗﺧطﯾط‬
‫ﺗﺳﺗﻐرق وﻗﺗ ًﺎ طوﯾﻼً وﺗﻌﺗﻣد ﺑﺷدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﯾﺎل اﻟطﺎﻟب‬

Advantages of seminar 5.Workshop

§ Improving communication skills.
• Workshop is a teaching structure that pushes students to be
§ Gaining expert knowledge, networking with others and creative and responsible in their own learning. The Workshop
motivation and confidence.
Model lead students to take charge of their own learning,
§ Keeping students satisfied becoming active and engaged in their work and development
Disadvantages of understanding ‫ورﺷﺔ ﻋﻣل‬.5
§ Time consuming ‫ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻣل ھﻲ ھﯾﻛل ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﻲ ﯾدﻓﻊ اﻟطﻼب ﻟﯾﻛوﻧوا ﻣﺑدﻋﯾن‬
‫ ﯾﻘود ﻧﻣوذج ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟطﻼب إﻟﻰ ﺗوﻟﻲ‬.‫وﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾن ﻓﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻣﮭم‬
§ Cannot be applied to new students. ‫ وأن ﯾﺻﺑﺣوا ﻧﺷﯾطﯾن وﻣﺷﺎرﻛﯾن ﻓﻲ‬، ‫ﻣﺳؤوﻟﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﻠم اﻟﺧﺎص ﺑﮭم‬
§ Preparation and teaching takes a lot of hard work ‫ﻋﻣﻠﮭم وﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﮭم‬

‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ اﻟﻧدوة‬
.‫ﺗﺣﺳﯾن ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻻﺗﺻﺎل‬
.‫اﻛﺗﺳﺎب ﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻟﺧﺑراء واﻟﺗواﺻل ﻣﻊ اﻵﺧرﯾن واﻟﺗﺣﻔﯾز واﻟﺛﻘﺔ‬
‫إرﺿﺎء اﻟطﻼب‬
‫ﺳﻠﺑﯾﺎت‬
‫اﺳﺗﮭﻼك اﻟوﻗت‬
.‫ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗطﺑﯾﻘﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟطﻼب اﻟﺟدد‬
‫ﯾﺗطﻠب اﻹﻋداد واﻟﺗدرﯾس اﻟﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن اﻟﻌﻣل اﻟﺷﺎق‬
 Advantages of Workshops
• Enable participants to learn from each other, practice their skills,
‫ﺧطوات ﺗﻧظﯾم ورﺷﺔ اﻟﻌﻣل‬ and turn theory into practice.
• Use to realize the higher cognitive and psychomotor objectives
‫ﻓﺗﺢ ﻣﻠف‬ • Opportunities for communication.
‫ﺗرﺗﯾب اﻷﻣوال‬
• Introduce a new idea. ‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ ورش اﻟﻌﻣل‬
‫ﺻﯾﺎﻏﺔ اﻷھداف‬ ‫ﺗﻣﻛﯾن اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﯾن ﻣن اﻟﺗﻌﻠم ﻣن ﺑﻌﺿﮭم اﻟﺑﻌض وﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ ﻣﮭﺎراﺗﮭم‬
.‫وﺗﺣوﯾل اﻟﻧظرﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗ ُﺳﺗﺧدم ﻟﺗﺣﻘﯾق اﻷھداف اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﯾﺔ واﻟﻧﻔﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺣرﻛﯾﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﯾﺎ‬
Disdvantages of Workshops
.‫ﻓرص ﻟﻠﺗواﺻل‬
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ وﻣﻛﺎن اﻟورﺷﺔ‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﺧﺑراء‬ ‫اﺧﺗﯾﺎر اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﯾن‬ • Novel Ways of Thinking. .‫ﻗدم ﻓﻛرة ﺟدﯾدة‬
• Can not organized for large group
• May be hard to fit everything that you want to cover into a single
workshop. ‫ﻋﯾوب ورش اﻟﻌﻣل‬
.‫طرق ﺟدﯾدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر‬
‫ﻟﺟﻧﺔ اﻟرﻋﺎة‬ ‫ﻟﻐ ﺔ ﻋ ﻣ ل‬ ‫دﻋوة اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﯾن‬ ‫ﻻ ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﻧظﯾﻣﮭﺎ ﻟﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة‬
‫ﻗد ﯾﻛون ﻣن اﻟﺻﻌب وﺿﻊ ﻛل ﻣﺎ ﺗرﯾد ﺗﻐطﯾﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ ورﺷﺔ‬
.‫ﻋﻣل واﺣدة‬

Advantages of Panel discussion

6.Panel discussion • Encourages the creative generation of new (cogenerated) knowledge and ideas
• Panel discussion is a great way to engage students in meaningful through critical discussion.
classroom discussions. • Different point of views are expressed by the speakers.
• Helps the student to share their critical thinking and better judgment.
• A selected group of 4-6 students act as panelists and the
• Students learn to discuss topic of conversational form in small group front to
remaining students are the audience. large group ‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻧﻘﺎش‬
• They talk and discuss about a particular topic but from different .‫ﯾﺷﺟﻊ اﻟﺟﯾل اﻹﺑداﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﻌرﻓﺔ واﻷﻓﻛﺎر اﻟﺟدﯾدة )اﻟﻣﺗوﻟدة( ﻣن ﺧﻼل اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﻧﻘدﯾﺔ‬
.‫ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر ﻋن وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧظر ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻣن ﻗﺑل اﻟﻣﺗﺣدﺛﯾن‬
perspectives. .‫ﯾﺳﺎﻋد اﻟطﺎﻟب ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ ﺗﻔﻛﯾرھم اﻟﻧﻘدي وﺣﻛﻣﮭم ﺑﺷﻛل أﻓﺿل‬
‫ﯾﺗﻌﻠم اﻟطﻼب ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ ﻣوﺿوع ﺷﻛل اﻟﻣﺣﺎدﺛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﺻﻐﯾرة أﻣﺎم ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة‬
‫ ﻟوﺣﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬.6 Disadvantages of Panel discussion
‫ﺗﻌد اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ طرﯾﻘﺔ راﺋﻌﺔ ﻹﺷراك اﻟطﻼب ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺎت‬ • Requires more time for planning, organizing and presentation.
.‫ﺻﻔﯾﺔ ھﺎدﻓﺔ‬ • Discussion method is not appropriate for all the topics.
‫ طﻼب ﺑدور أﻋﺿﺎء اﻟﻠﺟﻧﺔ واﻟطﻼب‬6-4 ‫ﺗﻘوم ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻣﺧﺗﺎرة ﻣن‬ • It can be used only to students who have some basic knowledge in the topic.
.‫اﻟﻣﺗﺑﻘﯾن ھم اﻟﺟﻣﮭور‬
‫ﯾﺗﺣدﺛون وﯾﻧﺎﻗﺷون ﺣول ﻣوﺿوع ﻣﻌﯾن وﻟﻛن ﻣن وﺟﮭﺎت ﻧظر‬ • Some of the students may feel shy to take part while others may try to
.‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ dominate. ‫ﻣﺳﺎوئ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﻧﻘﺎش‬
.‫ﯾﺗطﻠب ﻣزﯾدًا ﻣن اﻟوﻗت ﻟﻠﺗﺧطﯾط واﻟﺗﻧظﯾم واﻟﻌرض‬
.‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ ﻟﯾﺳت ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻣواﺿﯾﻊ‬
.‫ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ ﻓﻘط ﻟﻠطﻼب اﻟذﯾن ﻟدﯾﮭم ﺑﻌض اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬
.‫ﻗد ﯾﺷﻌر ﺑﻌض اﻟطﻼب ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺟل ﻣن اﻟﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﻗد ﯾﺣﺎول اﻵﺧرون اﻟﮭﯾﻣﻧﺔ‬
7.Assignment method Advantages of Assignment method

vAssignment method is the most common method of • Motivates students to explore more.
teaching especially in teaching of Science. • Helps to complete syllabus on schedule.
vIt is an instructional technique comprises the guided information, • Improves students performance.
self learning, writing skills and report preparation among the • Provide feedback to the teacher about the depth of students'
learners. assimilation.
‫ طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻧﺎزل‬.7 ‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻧﺎزل‬
‫ﻋﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗدرﯾس‬ ً ‫طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﯾﯾن ھﻲ أﻛﺛر طرق اﻟﺗدرﯾس ﺷﯾو‬ .‫ﯾﺣﻔز اﻟطﻼب ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺗﻛﺷﺎف اﻟﻣزﯾد‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻠوم‬ .‫ﯾﺳﺎﻋد ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺗﻛﻣﺎل اﻟﻣﻧﮭﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣوﻋد اﻟﻣﺣدد‬
‫إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ ﺗﺷﺗﻣل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت اﻟﻣوﺟﮭﺔ واﻟﺗﻌﻠم اﻟذاﺗﻲ‬ .‫ﯾﺣﺳن أداء اﻟطﻼب‬
.‫وﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ وإﻋداد اﻟﺗﻘﺎرﯾر ﺑﯾن اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻣﯾن‬ .‫ﻗدم ﻣﻼﺣظﺎت ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠم ﺣول ﻋﻣق اﺳﺗﯾﻌﺎب اﻟطﻼب‬

Disadvantages of Assignment method

8.Student presentations
For the Teachers: • Student presentations is a instructional strategy allows the
• It is time consuming and burden process. student to present content to the class as a whole . For
example, teachers can divide up a chapter into topics and
• Teacher has to collect the information from various sources before have the students "teach" the class by presenting their
assigning the work to the students. "expert" analysis

For the Students : ‫ ﻋروض اﻟطﻼب‬-8

‫اﻟﻌروض اﻟﺗﻘدﯾﻣﯾﺔ ﻟﻠطﻼب ھﻲ اﺳﺗراﺗﯾﺟﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﻣﺢ‬
• Time consuming (Need to spend more time in seeking information ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬.‫ﻟﻠطﺎﻟب ﺑﺗﻘدﯾم اﻟﻣﺣﺗوى إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺻل ﻛﻛل‬
‫ ﯾﻣﻛن ﻟﻠﻣدرﺳﯾن ﺗﻘﺳﯾم ﻓﺻل إﻟﻰ ﻣواﺿﯾﻊ وﺟﻌل اﻟطﻼب‬،
and its retrieval) ‫ﻋﯾوب طرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﺗﻧﺎزل‬ "‫"ﯾﻌﻠﻣون" اﻟﻔﺻل ﻣن ﺧﻼل ﺗﻘدﯾم ﺗﺣﻠﯾﻠﮭم "اﻟﺧﺑﯾر‬
:‫ﻟﻠﻣﻌﻠﻣﯾن‬
.‫إﻧﮭﺎ ﻋﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﺳﺗﻐرق وﻗﺗ ًﺎ طوﯾﻼً وﺗﺣﻣل ﻋﺑﺋ ًﺎ‬
.‫ﯾﺟب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣﻌﻠم ﺟﻣﻊ اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻣن ﻣﺻﺎدر ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ ﻗﺑل ﺗﻌﯾﯾن اﻟﻌﻣل ﻟﻠطﻼب‬
: ‫ﻻﺟل اﻟطﻼب‬
(‫ﻣﺿﯾﻌﺔ ﻟﻠوﻗت )اﻟﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻗﺿﺎء اﻟﻣزﯾد ﻣن اﻟوﻗت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺑﺣث ﻋن اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت واﺳﺗرﺟﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬
Advantages:
• The students learn how to speak in front a group.
9.Symposium
• It is a teaching technique that serves as an excellent method for informing
• They learn how to prepare material for public presentation,
and practice the audience, crystallizing their opinion and preparing them for arriving at
• improves their speaking skills. decision regarding a particular issue or a topic.
Disadvantages: Advantages of Symposium
• List of irrelevant information in slides.
• Can be used to address large group or class
• The student can neglect of interaction with students.
• Uncontrolled speed in presenting or too strict order of slides. • Useful to present large topics for discussion

:‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ‬ • Direct the students to continuous independent study

.‫ﯾﺗﻌﻠم اﻟطﻼب ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﺣدث أﻣﺎم ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻧدوة‬-9
‫ﯾﺗﻌﻠﻣون ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ إﻋداد اﻟﻣواد ﻟﻠﻌرض اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﻣﻣﺎرﺳﺔ‬
‫إﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﯾﻣﯾﺔ ﺗﻌﻣل ﻛطرﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻣﺗﺎزة ﻹﻋﻼم اﻟﺟﻣﮭور وﺑﻠورة آراﺋﮭم‬
.‫ﯾﺣﺳن ﻣﮭﺎرات اﻟﺗﺣدث ﻟدﯾﮭم‬
.‫وإﻋدادھم ﻟﻠﺗوﺻل إﻟﻰ ﻗرار ﺑﺷﺄن ﻗﺿﯾﺔ أو ﻣوﺿوع ﻣﻌﯾن‬
:‫ﺳﻠﺑﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻣزاﯾﺎ اﻟﻧدوة‬
.‫ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ اﻟﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت ﻏﯾر ذات اﻟﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷراﺋﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻟﻣﺧﺎطﺑﺔ ﻣﺟﻣوﻋﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة أو ﻓﺋﺔ‬
.‫ﯾﻣﻛن ﻟﻠطﺎﻟب إھﻣﺎل اﻟﺗﻔﺎﻋل ﻣﻊ اﻟطﻼب‬
‫ﻣﻔﯾد ﻟﺗﻘدﯾم ﻣواﺿﯾﻊ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬
.‫ﺳرﻋﺔ ﻏﯾر ﻣﻧﺿﺑطﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋرض اﻟﺷراﺋﺢ أو ﺗرﺗﯾﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺷﻛل ﺻﺎرم ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺗوﺟﯾﮫ اﻟطﻼب ﻟﻠدراﺳﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻘﻠﺔ اﻟﻣﺳﺗﻣرة‬

Disadvantages of Symposium

• Doesn't provide adequate opportunity for all student to

participate.

• The speech limited to 10-20 minutes.

• Limited time for question and answer (3-4 minutes).

• Possibility of repetition.
‫ﻣﺳﺎوئ اﻟﻧدوة‬
.‫ﻻ ﺗوﻓر ﻓرﺻﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﯾﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟطﻼب ﻟﻠﻣﺷﺎرﻛﺔ‬
.‫ دﻗﯾﻘﺔ‬20-10 ‫ﯾﻘﺗﺻر اﻟﺧطﺎب ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.(‫ دﻗﺎﺋق‬4-3) ‫وﻗت ﻣﺣدود ﻟﻸﺳﺋﻠﺔ واﻷﺟوﺑﺔ‬
.‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻛرار‬