Dental Material MCQ Test Bank. Chapter - 009

Powers: Dental Materials, 10th Edition
Chapter 09: Model and Die Materials
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. _____ are highly accurate replicas of a single tooth and generally are used to make metal
crowns or inlays.
A. Models
B. Casts
C. Dies
D. A and C
E. B and C
ANS: C
Feedback
A Models are used for observation.
B Casts are used as working models.
C Dies are highly accurate replicas of a single tooth and generally are used to make
metal crowns or inlays.
D C is the only correct answer.
E C is the only correct answer.
REF: Pg. 111
2. Gypsum model and die materials exhibit _____ in contrast to epoxy model and die
materials.
A. excellent abrasion resistance
B. excellent compatibility with impression materials
C. slight expansion
D. both A and B
E. both B and C
ANS: E
Feedback
A Gypsum materials are easily abraded.
B B and C are correct.
C B and C are correct.
D B and C are correct.
E Gypsum materials exhibit excellent compatibility with impression materials and
slight expansion in contrast to epoxy materials, which exhibit limited
compatibility with impression materials and slight contraction upon setting.
Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Test Bank 9-2
REF: Pg. 112
3. Which of the following types of gypsum products is also known as die stone?
A. Impression plaster
B. Model plaster
C. Dental stone
D. High-strength/low-expansion dental stone
E. High-strength/high-expansion dental stone
ANS: D
Feedback
A Impression plaster is used to mount working models to an articulator.
B Model plaster is used for casts that do not need abrasion resistance.
C Dental stone is used for casts that need abrasion resistance.
D High-strength/low-expansion dental stone is also known as die stone.
E High-strength/high-expansion dental stone may not produce an accurate die.
REF: Pg. 113
4. Orthodontic plaster is a mixture of:

A. impression plaster and model plaster.
B. model plaster and dental stone.
C. impression plaster and dental stone.
D. high-strength/low-expansion and high-strength/high-expansion dental stone.
ANS: B
Feedback
A Impression plaster is used to mount working models to an articular.
B Orthodontic plaster is a mixture of model plaster and dental stone.
C Dental stone is used for casts that need abrasion resistance.
D High-strength/high-expansion dental stone may not produce an accurate die.
REF: Pg. 113
5. Which of the following model and die materials are derived from the mineral gypsum?
A. Model plaster
B. Dental stone
C. High-strength dental stone
D. A, B, and C
E. A and C
ANS: D
Feedback
A A, B, and C are correct answers.

Test Bank 9-3
B A, B, and C are correct answers.

C A, B, and C are correct answers.
D Model plaster, dental stone, and high-strength dental stone are all derived from
the mineral gypsum.
E A, B, and C are correct answers.
REF: Pg. 113
6. Which of the following statements is true of the production of dental stone?

A. It is produced by heating gypsum in an open kettle.
B. The hemihydrate produced is b-calcium sulfate hemihydrate.
C. The hemihydrate produced is a-calcium sulfate hemihydrate.
D. A and B are true statements.
E. A and C are true statements.
ANS: C
Feedback
A Plaster is produced by heating the gypsum in an open kettle.
B A hemihydrate produced is a porous powder called b-calcium sulfate
hemihydrate.
C Dental stone is produced by heating gypsum under pressure in the presence of
steam. The hemihydrate produced is a-calcium sulfate hemihydrate.
D C is the correct answer.
E C is the correct answer.
REF: Pg. 113
7. Which of the following types of dental stone and dental plaster requires the least amount
of excess water?
A. Model plaster
B. Dental stone
ANS: C
Feedback
A Model plaster requires higher amounts of water.
B Dental stone requires higher amounts of water.
C High-strength dental stone requires the least amount of excess water.
REF: Pg. 113
8. Which form of dental gypsum product is created by boiling gypsum in a 30% solution of
calcium chloride?
A. Model plaster
B. Dental stone

Test Bank 9-4

D. A and B
E. B and C
ANS: C
Feedback
A Model plaster is produced by heating the gypsum in an open kettle.
B Dental stone is produced by heat under pressure.
C High-strength dental stone is created by boiling gypsum in a 30% solution of
calcium chloride.
E C is the only correct answer.
REF: Pg. 113
9. The _____ and _____ dense the crystal of the hemihydrate, the less excess water required
to get a workable mass.
A. larger; more
B. larger; less
C. smaller; more
D. smaller; less
ANS: A
Feedback
A The larger and denser the crystal of the hemihydrate, the less excess water
required to get a workable mass.
B When the crystal is smaller or less dense, more water is required.
C When the crystal is smaller or less dense, more water is required.
D When the crystal is smaller or less dense, more water is required.
REF: Pg. 114
10. Accelerators are chemicals that _____ the rate of setting and _____ the time of setting.
A. increase; increase
B. increase; decrease
C. decrease; increase
D. decrease; decrease
ANS: B
Feedback
A Without accelerators, setting time increases, and the set rate decreases.
B Accelerators are chemicals that increase the rate of setting and decrease the time
of setting.
C Without accelerators, setting time increases, and the set rate decreases.

Test Bank 9-5
D Without accelerators, setting time increases, and the set rate decreases.
REF: Pg. 114
11. Which of the following chemicals is an effective accelerator for gypsum materials?
A. Calcium sulfate
B. Potassium sulfate
C. Borax
D. B-calcium sulfate hemihydrate
E. A-calcium sulfate hemihydrate
ANS: B
Feedback
A Calcium sulfate is a chemical found in model plaster.
B Potassium sulfate is an effective accelerator for gypsum materials.
C Borax extends the setting time.
D This is a type of gypsum.
E This is a type of gypsum.
REF: Pg. 114
12. Which of the following materials will accelerate the setting reaction of gypsum products?
A. Blood
B. Saliva
C. Agar
D. Terra alba
E. Unset alginate
ANS: D
Feedback
A Blood will retard the setting reaction of gypsum.
B Saliva will retard the setting reaction of gypsum.
C Agar will retard the setting reaction of gypsum.
D Terra alba will accelerate the setting reaction of gypsum products.
E Unset alginate will retard the setting reaction of gypsum.
REF: Pg. 114
13. Using excessive water to prepare gypsum materials will result in:
A. a reduction in the setting time.
B. a reduction in strength.
C. increased setting expansion.
D. A, B, and C.
E. A and C.

Test Bank 9-6
ANS: B
Feedback
A There will be an increase in the setting time.
B Using excessive water to prepare gypsum materials will result in a reduction in
strength.
C It will result in a reduction in the setting expansion of set gypsum materials.
D The only correct answer is B.
E The only correct answer is B.
REF: Pg. 114
14. If the temperature of the water used to mix gypsum materials is raised up to body
temperature (37.5° C), the setting time decreases. However, if water temperature is raised
above 37.5° C, the setting time will increase.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
ANS: A
Feedback
A Both statements are true.
B Both statements are true.
C Both statements are true.
D Both statements are true.
REF: Pg. 115
15. Clinically, the best way to determine the final setting time is:
A. loss of surface gloss.
B. when the material can no longer be poured.
C. when the conversion of hemihydrate to dihydrate is complete.
D. dissipation of the heat of reaction.
ANS: D
Feedback
A Clinically, the best way to determine the final setting time is dissipation of the
heat of reaction.
B Clinically, the best way to determine the final setting time is dissipation of the
heat of reaction.
C Clinically, the best way to determine the final setting time is dissipation of the
heat of reaction.
D Clinically, the best way to determine the final setting time is dissipation of the
heat of reaction.

Test Bank 9-7
REF: Pg. 115
16. Which of the following statements is true of the compressive strengths of gypsum
materials?
A. Die stone has the lowest compressive strength, because it has the least excess
water.
B. Die stone has the lowest compressive strength, because it has the most excess
water.
C. Die stone is almost 4 times as strong in compression as plaster, because the excess
water is minimized.
D. Die stone is almost 4 times as strong in compression as plaster, because the excess
water is maximized.
ANS: C
Feedback
A Plaster has the lowest compressive strength, because it has the most excess
water.
B Plaster has the lowest compressive strength, because it has the most excess
water.
C Die stone is almost 4 times as strong in compression as plaster, because the
excess water is minimized.
D Die stone has minimal excess water.
REF: Pg. 116
17. When a model or die is wet, its compressive and tensile strength is approximately _____
its strength when dry.
A. 4 times
B. twice
C. one-half
D. one-quarter
E. one-sixteenth
ANS: C
Feedback
A Four times is die stone’s compressive strength.
B This is too low and is an inaccurate strength.
C When a model or die is wet, its compressive and tensile strength is
approximately one-half its strength when dry.
D This is too low and is an inaccurate strength.
E This is too low and is an inaccurate strength.
REF: Pg. 117

Test Bank 9-8
18. As compressive strength of gypsum materials increases, _____ increases.

A. both hardness and abrasion resistance
B. hardness but not abrasion resistance
C. abrasion resistance but not hardness
D. neither hardness nor abrasion resistance
ANS: A
Feedback
A As compressive strength of gypsum materials increases, both hardness and
abrasion resistance increase.
B Both hardness and abrasion resistance are related to compressive strength. If
compression strength increases, hardness and abrasion resistance increase as
well.
C Both hardness and abrasion resistance are related to compressive strength. If
well.
D Both hardness and abrasion resistance are related to compressive strength. If
well.
REF: Pg. 117
19. When powder and water are added to the mixing bowl:
A. powder should be added first.
B. water should be added first.
C. the second material added should be sprinkled in slowly over a period of about 30
seconds.
D. both A and C.
E. both B and C.
ANS: E
Feedback
A Powder is added to water in the mixing bowl in order to completely incorporate
the powder and liquid. This is more difficult if the water is added to the powder.
B B and C are both correct.
C B and C are both correct.
D B and C are both correct.
E When powder and water are added to the mixing bowl, the water should be
added first, and the second material (powder) should be sprinkled in slowly over
a period of about 30 seconds.
REF: Pg. 118
20. When gypsum is mixed by hand, the mass is stirred with a spatula at a rate of about
_____ revolution(s) per second for _____.

Test Bank 9-9
A. five; about 5 minutes

B. two; about 2 minutes
C. two; about 1 minute
D. one; about 2 minutes
E. one; 30 seconds
ANS: C
Feedback
A The material would be harder to work with because of setting reactions if mixed
for 5 minutes.
B There would be less working time if mixed for 2 minutes.
C When gypsum is mixed by hand, the mass is stirred with a spatula at a rate of
about two revolutions per second for about 1 minute.
D There would be less working time if mixed for 2 minutes.
E The material would not be completely incorporated if mixed for 30 seconds.
REF: Pg. 118
21. The purpose of the vibrating table is to:

A. ensure a smooth mix of the materials.
B. help remove any bubbles that formed during mixing.
C. initiate the setting reaction.
D. wet the gypsum powder particles.
ANS: B
Feedback
A A smooth mix is achieved by efficient spatulation.
B The purpose of the vibrating table is to help remove any bubbles that formed
during mixing.
C The setting process is a chemical reaction.
D The powder is sifted into the liquid for 3 seconds to wet the powder particles.
REF: Pg. 119
22. The impression should not be removed from the gypsum for _____ minutes.
A. 3 to 5
B. 5 to 10
C. 10 to 20
D. 20 to 40
E. 45 to 60
ANS: E
Feedback
A Early removal often fractures the model.

Test Bank 9-10
B Early removal often fractures the model.

C Early removal often fractures the model.
D Early removal often fractures the model.
E The impression should not be removed from the gypsum for 45 to 60 minutes.
REF: Pg. 119
23. When the alginate dries out before it is poured:

A. the alginate will rob the gypsum mix of some of its water.
B. the edges of the alginate may become hard and inflexible.
C. the impression will be distorted.
D. A, B, and C are correct.
E. A and C are correct.
ANS: D
Feedback
A A, B, and C are all correct.
B A, B, and C are all correct.
C A, B, and C are all correct.
D When the alginate dries out before it is poured, the alginate will rob the gypsum
mix of some of its water; the edges of the alginate may become hard and
inflexible; and the impression will be distorted.
E A, B, and C are all correct.
REF: Pg. 119
24. Which of the following statements is true of the handling of an alginate impression?
A. The heat produced is the result of an endothermic reaction.
B. An alginate impression should be rinsed completely and disinfected after pouring.
C. Any residual water in low places of the impression should not be removed.
D. The poured impression may be kept moist by storing it in a humid environment.
ANS: D
Feedback
A The heat produced is the result of an exothermic reaction.
B An alginate impression should be rinsed completely and disinfected before
pouring.
C Any residual water in low places of the impression should be removed.
D The poured impression may be kept moist by storing it in a humid environment.
REF: Pg. 119
25. Which of the following statements is true regarding disinfection of a gypsum model?
A. The model may be sterilized in an autoclave.
B. Disinfecting the impression rather than the model is preferable.

Test Bank 9-11
C. Disinfecting the model rather than the impression is preferable.

D. A and B are true statements.
E. A and C are true statements.
ANS: B
Feedback
A The model may not be sterilized in an autoclave; however, a gypsum model can
be sterilized in ethylene oxide.
B Disinfecting the impression rather than the model is preferable.
C Not all disinfectants are compatible with gypsum products.
D B is the only correct answer.
E B is the only correct answer.
REF: Pg. 120
26. Casts of teeth are used to make:

A. crowns.
B. inlays.
C. retainers.
D. all of the above.
ANS: C
Feedback
A Dies are highly accurate replicas of a single tooth and generally are used to make
B Dies are highly accurate replicas of a single tooth and generally are used to make
C Casts of teeth are used to make orthodontic retainers, and casts of the remaining
ridges in the edentulous patient are used to make dentures for the patient.
REF: Pg. 111
27. Which of the following statements is(are) correct about making models, casts, and dies?
A. Fine detail is not significant.
B. Gypsums are not dimensionally stable.
C. The material does not need to be strong.
D. A, B, and C are all correct.
E. A, B, and C are all incorrect.
ANS: E
Feedback
A When making models, casts, and dies, reproduction of fine detail is important.
B When making models, casts, and dies, dimensional stability is important.

Test Bank 9-12
C When making models, casts, and dies, the material does need to be strong.
D All of the answers are incorrect.
E A number of qualities are required of materials to be used for making models,
casts, or dies. These qualities are accuracy, dimensional stability, reproduction of
fine detail, strength and resistance to abrasion, and ease of adaptation to the
impression, color, and safety, among others.
REF: Pg. 11
28. Epoxy materials are compatible with most of the elastomeric impression materials. Epoxy
materials can be used with alginates.
A. Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is correct.
B. Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect.
C. Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is correct.
D. Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is incorrect.
ANS: B
Feedback
A Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect.
B Epoxy materials are compatible with most of the elastomeric impression
materials, but they cannot be used with the alginates or agar impression
materials. A separating medium must be used.
C Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect.
D Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect.
REF: Pgs. 112-113
29. High-strength stone requires the least amount of excess water, because the crystals are:
A. large and dense.
B. large and sparse.
C. small and dense.
D. small and sparse.
ANS: A
Feedback
A High-strength stone, with its large, dense crystals, requires the least excess water.
B Dental stone requires somewhat more water, and plaster requires the most excess
water. In general the larger and denser the crystal size of the hemihydrate, the
less excess water required to get a workable mass.
C Dental stone requires somewhat more water, and plaster requires the most excess
D Dental stone requires somewhat more water, and plaster requires the most excess

Test Bank 9-13
REF: Pg. 113
30. If a 2% solution of borax is added to the gypsum powder, what will be the result? The
setting time will be:
A. reduced significantly.
B. reduced slightly.
C. extended significantly.
D. extended slightly.
ANS: C
Feedback
A Borax will not reduce the setting time in any way.
B Borax will not reduce the setting time in any way.
C Borax, a chemical with the formula Na2B4O7 • 10H2O, is a chemical that will
extend the setting time of some gypsum products by several hours if added to the
powder at a concentration of 2%.
D A 2% solution of borax can extend the setting time by several hours.
REF: Pg. 114
31. Water-powder ratio is defined as the amount of water in _____ added to the amount of
powder in _____.
A. ounces; ounces
B. milliliters; ounces
C. ounces; grams
D. milliliters; grams
ANS: D
Feedback
A Manufacturers base their measurements in milliliters of fluid and in grams of
powder.
B Manufacturers base their measurements in milliliters of fluid and in grams of
powder.
C Manufacturers base their measurements in milliliters of fluid and in grams of
powder.
D The water-powder ratio for a material is defined as the amount of water in
milliliters added to 100 g of powder.
REF: Pg. 114
32. A hemihydrate will not set if the:

A. body temperature is above 37.5° C.
B. body temperature is below 37.5° C.
C. mixing water reaches 100° C.

Test Bank 9-14
ANS: C
Feedback
A If the room temperature (20° to 25° C) is raised up to body temperature (37.5°
C), the setting time decreases. The temperature of the mixing water has a similar
effect.
B If the mixing water temperature is raised above 37.5° C, the setting time will
increase.
C If the mixing water temperature reaches 100° C, the hemihydrate will not set at
all.
REF: Pg. 115
33. Hardness and abrasion resistance is especially important for:

A. study models.
B. orthodontic models.
C. dies.
D. casts.
ANS: C
Feedback
A Study models do not require the same level of hardness and abrasion resistance.
B Orthodontic models do not require the same level of hardness and abrasion
resistance.
C Increased hardness and abrasion resistance are especially important for die
materials, in which extreme accuracy is needed to ensure the proper fit of crowns
and inlays.
D Casts do not require the same level of hardness and abrasion resistance.
REF: Pg. 115
34. The initial setting time for gypsum is defined as the time the:
A. powder is added to the water until mixing is complete.
B. powder is added to the water until the pour is complete.
C. pour begins until the pour is complete.
D. powder is added to the water until the material cannot be used.
ANS: D
Feedback
A The time for mixing water and powder should be about 1 minute.
B The time for mixing water and powder and pouring to be complete should be
about 5 minutes.
C The time for pouring is included in the 5-minute time frame.
D The initial setting time is the interval between the time the water and powder are

Test Bank 9-15
mixed and the time that the mix can no longer be poured into a mold or
impression.
REF: Pg. 115
35. The final setting time is defined as:

A. the point where the gypsum can be removed without fracture.
B. the point where the gypsum can be removed without distortion.
C. the point where the exothermic reaction is complete.
D. all of the above.
E. only A and B.
ANS: E
Feedback
A A and B are both correct answers.
B A and B are both correct answers.
C The exothermic reaction is not an accurate predictor of set.
D A and B are the only correct answers.
E The final setting time is defined as the time at which the conversion of the
hemihydrate to dihydrate is essentially complete. Clinically this means that the
gypsum then can be removed from its impression or otherwise manipulated
without distortion or fracture.
REF: Pg. 115
36. The inherent roughness limits the ability of gypsum materials to capture the finest details
of impressions. Reproduction of detail is sufficient for most applications.
ANS: A
Feedback
A The inherent roughness limits the ability of gypsum materials to capture the
finest details of impressions, although from a practical standpoint, the
reproduction of detail is sufficient for most applications.
B Both statements are correct.
C Both statements are correct.
D Both statements are correct.
REF: Pg. 116
37. Proper wetting occurs when gypsum is poured against a _____-based impression material
such as _____.

Test Bank 9-16
A. water; alginate
B. water; addition silicone
C. non–water; alginate
D. non–water; addition silicone
ANS: A
Feedback
A When gypsum is poured against a water-based impression material such as
alginate, good wetting occurs, and the detail of reproduction is good.
B When gypsum is poured against a water-based material such as an addition
silicone, the wetting may be reduced.
C When gypsum is poured against a non–water-based material such as an addition
D When gypsum is poured against a non–water-based material such as an addition
REF: Pg. 116
38. If gypsum materials are not adequately spatulated, _____ suffers.

A. accuracy
B. dimensional change
C. strength
D. abrasion resistance
ANS: C
Feedback
A Accuracy is attributed to the impression.
B Dimensional change is attributed to the impression.
C Many users of gypsum materials do not spatulate the gypsum adequately, and the
physical properties such as strength suffer as a result.
D Abrasion resistance will depend on the type of gypsum used.
REF: Pg. 116
39. Dies of epoxy for use in fabrication of crowns, bridges, and inlays can be poured into
alginate. Epoxy dies are tougher and more abrasion resistant than high-strength stone
dies, and they are more accurate and stable dimensionally.
ANS: D
Feedback

Test Bank 9-17
A Epoxy is used with elastomeric materials.

B Epoxy is used with elastomeric materials.
C Epoxy dies are not as dimensionally stable.
D Dies of epoxy for use in fabrication of crowns, bridges, and inlays can be poured
into polyether, polysulfide, or silicone elastomeric impression materials,
although a separator must be used with polysulfide impressions to prevent the
epoxy from bonding to the impression. Epoxy dies are tougher and more
abrasion resistant than high-strength stone dies, but they are not as accurate or as
stable dimensionally.
REF: Pg. 120

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Powers: Dental Materials, 10th Edition

Chapter 09: Model and Die Materials

REF: Pg. 111

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

REF: Pg. 112

REF: Pg. 113

4. Orthodontic plaster is a mixture of:

REF: Pg. 113

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

B A, B, and C are correct answers.

REF: Pg. 113

6. Which of the following statements is true of the production of dental stone?

REF: Pg. 113

REF: Pg. 113

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

C. High-strength dental stone

REF: Pg. 113

REF: Pg. 114

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

REF: Pg. 114

REF: Pg. 114

REF: Pg. 114

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

REF: Pg. 114

REF: Pg. 115

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

REF: Pg. 115

REF: Pg. 116

REF: Pg. 117

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

18. As compressive strength of gypsum materials increases, _____ increases.

REF: Pg. 117

REF: Pg. 118

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

A. five; about 5 minutes

REF: Pg. 118

21. The purpose of the vibrating table is to:

REF: Pg. 119

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

B Early removal often fractures the model.

REF: Pg. 119

23. When the alginate dries out before it is poured:

REF: Pg. 119

REF: Pg. 119

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

C. Disinfecting the model rather than the impression is preferable.

REF: Pg. 120

26. Casts of teeth are used to make:

REF: Pg. 111

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

REF: Pgs. 112-113

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

REF: Pg. 113

REF: Pg. 114

REF: Pg. 114

32. A hemihydrate will not set if the:

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

REF: Pg. 115

33. Hardness and abrasion resistance is especially important for:

REF: Pg. 115

Copyright © 2013, 2008 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

REF: Pg. 115

35. The final setting time is defined as: