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    F2019 Nick

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    1. The document discusses a study on the impact of dry blending various pigments into rotomolded polyethylene at different addition rates. 2. Impact strength testing showed a 30-60% loss of impact strength for most pigments, and a severe loss of ductility, especially at low temperatures. 3. Organic red and yellow pigments in particular caused the polymer to transition from ductile to brittle failure. The findings suggest testing new pigment formulations before production to avoid unexpected losses in impact strength and ductility.

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    F2019 Nick

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    1. The document discusses a study on the impact of dry blending various pigments into rotomolded polyethylene at different addition rates. 2. Impact strength testing showed a 30-60% loss of impact strength for most pigments, and a severe loss of ductility, especially at low temperatures. 3. Organic red and yellow pigments in particular caused the polymer to transition from ductile to brittle failure. The findings suggest testing new pigment formulations before production to avoid unexpected losses in impact strength and ductility.

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    1. The document discusses a study on the impact of dry blending various pigments into rotomolded polyethylene at different addition rates. 2. Impact strength testing showed a 30-60% loss of impact strength for most pigments, and a severe loss of ductility, especially at low temperatures. 3. Organic red and yellow pigments in particular caused the polymer to transition from ductile to brittle failure. The findings suggest testing new pigment formulations before production to avoid unexpected losses in impact strength and ductility.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    11 views13 pages

    F2019 Nick

    Uploaded by

    henry cajo
    1. The document discusses a study on the impact of dry blending various pigments into rotomolded polyethylene at different addition rates. 2. Impact strength testing showed a 30-60% loss of impact strength for most pigments, and a severe loss of ductility, especially at low temperatures. 3. Organic red and yellow pigments in particular caused the polymer to transition from ductile to brittle failure. The findings suggest testing new pigment formulations before production to avoid unexpected losses in impact strength and ductility.

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    of 13

    THE POWER OF PIGMENT

    DRY BLENDING STUDY

    DR NICK HENWOOD
    ROTOMOTIVE LIMITED
    PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

    • Methods & Equipment


    • Pigments investigated
    • Impact Strength (MFE) results
    • Ductile to Brittle transition
    • Why is this happening?
    • Lessons learned
    • “Thank-you’s”
    METHODS &
    EQUIPMENT

    1. Pigments mixed with ExxonMobilTM LL8460.29 powder in a


    planetary blender at ambient temperature
    2. Mixtures molded in a “double hex” steel tool, using a uniaxial
    gas-fired rotomolding machine
    3. Cook conditions controlled using modified K-PAQ to monitor
    IAT in real time
    4. Thickness conformity checked using a K-METRON magnetic
    tester
    5. Molded parts marked & cut to produce 24 sample plaques
    from each molded part (5” x 5” x 1/8” thick)
    6. Sample plaques conditioned at -40° for 48 hours
    7. Impact testing to ARM procedure using a 10 lb dart
    PIGMENT TYPES
    Color Color Index Pigment Name Type
    Number
    Brown 24 Chrome antimony titanium buff Inorganic

    Red 254 Yellow shade dieto-pyrrole-pyrrole Organic

    Yellow 183 Red shade monoazo Organic

    Red 101 Red iron oxide Inorganic

    Blue 29 Ultramarine Blue Inorganic

    Green 17 Chrome oxide Inorganic

    White 6 Titanium Dioxide Inorganic

    Black 7 Carbon Black Inorganic


    PIGMENT ADDITIONS
    Addition Rate Addition Rate Addition Rate
    (%) (g / kg) (g / 100 lb)
    0 0 0

    .055 .55 25

    .110 1.10 50

    .220 2.20 100

    .330 3.30 150


    MEAN FAILURE ENERGY
    FAILURE MODES

    FAIL - BRITTLE FAIL - DUCTILE


    DEVELOPMENT OF
    BRITTLENESS
    WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?
    WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?
    WHY IS THIS HAPPENING?

    Differences in pigment particle size / bulk density?


    Differences in dispersion / clumping?
    Differences in heat stability?
    LESSONS LEARNED
    • Expect a 30-60% loss of impact strength with
    most pigments
    • Expect a severe loss of ductility, especially at
    low ambient temperatures
    • Be wary of using organic reds & yellow, but
    recognize that sometimes this may be
    unavoidable
    • Use as low an addition rate as possible
    • Recognize that good pigments aren’t cheap
    • If in doubt – TEST!
    GRATEFUL THANKS

    Roy Crawford Rotomolding Education &


    Development Fund

    ExxonMobil Chemical

    Colleagues in ARM, both old & new

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