COLUMN

 A column or pillar is a structural element in architecture and structural

engineering that uses compression to transfer the weight of the structure
above to other structural elements below. To put it another way, a column is a
compression member. a vertical structural component that uses compression
to transfer the weight of the structure above to other structural components
below. It transfers loads to the floor or foundations from the beam, floor slab,
roof slab, or ceiling. Typically, columns have moments of bending about one
or both of their cross-sectional axes. The chapiter at the top of the column is
used to expand the area of the column's supporting surface between the load
pushing downwards and the column. The pedestal at the bottom of the
column is used to support the column's base.

CHARACTERISTIC

 Investigations to date have revealed that the material of the pillars of this
Annex 1 building is reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete columns are
structural members designed to carry compressive loads and are constructed
of concrete with embedded reinforcing steel frames. Reinforced concrete has
a high compressive strength compared to other building materials. Due to the
reinforcement, reinforced concrete also withstands good tensile stress. It also
has excellent fire resistance and weather resistance.

APPLICATION

 Reinforced concrete is ideal for the construction of floors, roof panels,

columns and beams in residential and commercial buildings. Reinforced
concrete lattice ceilings made of beams and slabs are often used to cover
large areas such as conference halls where column-free space is a key
requirement.
FLOOR / SLAB

 A load-bearing floor formed from concrete that is part of the structure of a

building. They are located in the basement, ground floor, or upper floors. Slab
foundations are usually made of concrete with a center thickness of 4 to 6
inches. Concrete slabs provide a flat surface to help walls, beams, columns,
and foundations carry loads. Concrete slabs are often laid over a layer of
sand for drainage and buffering. Floor slabs are supported by subsoil and are
usually reinforced with rebar or welded steel mesh.

CHARACTERISTIC
• The floor or slab of the Annex 1 building is made of concrete, according to our
previous survey. A concrete mix of one part cement, two parts sand, and four parts
coarse aggregate should be used for a concrete slab. Concrete is long-lasting and
resistant to fire, water, stains, bacteria, and odors. It is scratch-resistant, easy to
clean, and reversible. Concrete, when used properly, can help to reduce energy
costs and contribute to cleaner air. It also promotes faster drying times and speeds
up the construction process.
APPLICATION
 Commercial and residential buildings frequently use concrete floors. Concrete
floors are used for the majority of commercial and industrial floor finishes.
They stand out for their high quality, long life, and low price