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Urit-1

Srystemeuhas Equations
-2- O1 2 2
SBa st togeth
F uu thu 2
pesato48 &atskes
Then F & callid d
tha enditiers 1-9a
Aunaas Ea
A
a37,
t A 2
3 10,

non unaa ln 3X2 t 4 EG


5+67, 10

gm a e ' s Can o . lo.e h L n Cerlont

dnocty 20
loti g Motation

a12 87y-8
-A

CCLt kuqmerd
MatWi
-2
mat
A dosdn mabix
X Response mataix

Encitemud mat

ow Recuchien
Echecon m
2
2
+
o-3 13 1-
supiaie
-2 o 4 4 * by 3
2
-8

o3 13 -9 -12 12 *
O -3+ 13 9 3
2

o -4 4 3uots 3
o oL3
212 41, OD ugmorlsd
mmolii apupt
LA_ VSEM_PE Column th
induud
ightmost
2-413 4 than ho Aum 3
inmsterd

3 - 3 Column
mai un fos t o m ln 91 duu
obeteurTune t u outeusing sanm TLL Uaialt f tht Quq monted
as equaluón Consutnt delouo
Os houn
+ to echiton oum
72 4 1s 3

a +5 71 73 4 Conustent

31, 2 73 S
Augmented mabi
53
5 114
3 x2 2 3 3 - 3
I312 3/63
3 t2 t-S
4 7
ase Jauc vonoltug eiss muiple aluhon
2 s WheneueA haue k
e
vaialleH
ousd Ua i hua
&4 4 lhen euo U hau va jaby ne
uavialb
o 3 1
ems o K
O 7 21 o O3 2 4 -3.
O-2 20
o2 3
X 12 4733 O 72
13)a6, 23 muihpXt oution

es 3 2 , 7 2
3 e 3x3-10 &rustene Unnguenss
Loumn the
*A bneas sysem o n i t e r t g only 4 tha Rughtmost of
Raduud Qugmunt ed matun n a t a piuot Cou mn.
7,3-3 2-1) has a unigue kouution ehen
t e pem s constent hen )
Covutert these Ost no
vaiases

u) ,- A73 8 t) 9hoirty many olutions thou à atiuost One ea vasial


1D -15
1-31373 +16 -
Fo ehad vats a h' 4 the lotooing Asem Conkstent
L
+3 dx, 2
Amantcd mon'x - 61, 482, K
Pugmeriud matna
4 3 2 3 2 -

A& 3 3h+k
43
O h tem u mskent bu
h
7 3 t27 Rtmo "column hould not le piuot Lolumn
o 3h +k
0
241z 78 oo 3h +k
ok3h
o 013 tonwted 4 3ht d
h u n , K: h u tom Dntont
dnce e lon eg 0-S n t d . tha guuon splom s dnonuterd
ete&nuna uthet the ruong Asum o ungar
¬qudden s LOnssld e
9OLia
-C
-3
sa
O-2 2a-b
2 M S8 O 5-2b-C
-4 45 +91
be (onatlwd
isnentad haIx
4sa-ab-C
0 tun 3/m 0 LE wul
)
o
o2-9 s1-1 - £0,bu s/ qLe wit Lenonsit en
Sa-dh (no unugd
kl
oS13-1 3 13-
t h e Hom
ontent then it wll haue
o

&olution m unkncuo7u
6hat, tha oloustng
3 3 he vaus qk ko
. otesnmint - LK+2-2)
-1+k

o+6-6 18 sot
D 3
g 2 has a) ur4u CtktK6)
3 0-23 t18
aiafent ) o No. e so
A 24
*Rht mpt column nd a pi upt (oumn -6 -18 -le+2) -1
the
um u nuunt az 3y tkz = 3 -

75tAu e a 3 aual 3 p u No fast vaaaldo tky +S -


h a niqu s0lublen 3
Arug mented mat 1-k-4
-

&poe the
AYtem beh uw i conyt ard do a pOlgle Ualues
-

1+x+ 3)
3 K 3 - -C2) -
5 Conmnt cn du coo's cgd 2 3
, 137, -

C1td t2

O t E-2

3c-d s"
t t haue n
K - 5 Bu lost en uou cost
o SL

7 2 -3 S uth s net tr 32
3C- hould not ao 3c-t ro
8C-d-o

d 3c S4s
w e IncoRsd
k -1J 141
3lulsanu dt0 R 3
2

2
a t crdhou e
paad en a,b.cso that thu louung /m
mut

wkrcwns ,y g1 has o sal, Can u Sm haue n unge0 go


Uaualslu tu ydm kas
3 a
K 2 thin a hawe a
3
d 64-"3b Ne. ga

panintt Pad u

a-b
3

23
-

1. D4
O-2 5 2a-b
10 a-C 27
2

D C
2

-k 2

+7-b 1

- I -2
ri1rh -bt0. 3
50 4b,c) =(1, ,-2) 4 6
A

-2 2K
-2
A

3 c -1- o- r6 ha
urngue

Coumn houldn t Js a piu CGJu


42 5
3
- b 1 2 -k#

-o-b- 33 +4
kt2
O
aC 0 hs suyhem onstent & has
a-k'= o
Cebumn hausd
lea puo e u m r ,
1 a
3 2C KE+
36o
2
2 uwdh s ns tu
1- -2 2 O -3
O
3-bc + k-
' haR 4 sel
w) Fa t lou sk LE
C-b-- gk + 6 O
- -a-b -c
-a) K 2
Bpttrn a durt hs o Ne.
(k42)(e-2)=o
L-12 +2
1 1 haue o 8elLtien
3 3 fau vauabli 3w
a
J Theu

-A 4
genud luten intesms 3-3
X=Z-
-

-07: 0, t7|
-1 +z-1
2

az-2
Auarentd mat

4ki = 2
JertoA Equationa"

2tu

CIRnty ntupt
n

&colos C,(Cp thon derd1d


ie
Cd, GU +plp 20d to
wton 0s linsas Currsinction " i,

qrenatsd o Jriuas tewnsuration e G 2


e46 (on gralid as Jias (ans a,2G, hn
hus e i i laios 7, 72 3uch hat 1,4,4+X,0-b

-2,57 t

-97 1 z -3

-
-3J
5

32

inu h iaTnect (pumn mat a


p'd ctnn
b le ginalsd
ruwlart Hernu on
LE
' t eytam e
3 37 S PAN

i-1ee y,|3
2 +8v, =
NOTG AVI 5 |
An undudeteumined dystom ooys hout m o
uuauasl
an quanien.sud a stsm Conudant hex wl le oy in yR hin 3et e au nau comlunatd
mn 0luhau ' Vpg
, v d h )
E, - v î a tailes as
pantv, Va
-unde detesmunsd CCOn ue
ta7 -63 ceguan spr
5
2 4
4 12 9 oun dk eiminad(an e cenisient, [Nat in span any vecto
6 , 10 COnRtet can ha n t plan
unique & 2 in 4pan4.

thun
9 taa 4pan a, 4
that
aplane pasr though ogn i a', Is b
ctexmuns hehasbcan eneaadud as ureu Coo o ,2g plane ? has
b
Can genutd heueeton uoi e,nSpatnf 9,,9a? y 44,742
s
LC4,4 . Pe a,x, +0,7, +ag7 b Sotuten.
8hDudw ilent
ghoud be nsrd

5 -3 5 -3
o-3:2
3 1 3
-3 - 2

S.
-

+3
- Os 18 1

2 1 10 t0
o -A matrlx. Hhe s4sti
43 0-15-10 5
urtmost column e Reduud
intoistant
Andmustut 1FIl4-2 a 47 a. J=inb span,G
A O t (oumn a puLot Column , b umot
n à un COrilan.
' solutien
Henu b (annat
enpoRd m a LC
o , 0, 9
Fon at vus h 'ye Sn4, V, uuntd madre

0-4
A

uit 3 A 6S 4 4
n
Span, v, v.peudd #uu eust
Suatas A,72 &71 uch tha
, v,7,
2,V, - 4
Cwg 4
3
15 3 4
2 1
27 column s iat a piust Column h t Sstem
sigttmest
53-4 13-6 isconsislant b ú
0-2- 3 1 +3
o0:-5 C 12 h-
S a w
sina; 1a, 40@, 09
gbmad Lelumn a nst
a uotipl 2 a in o
n-5 =0 h - 5 Thmats cauation fhab Az b
'ud e in
spanf , Y,,v,3 4 [h ss 5 Az

&enate telumunsA : 103


at24 h
2x3 3 x mx coA u

o w many wou au in 4 , a,
.S b w
Aa a t s s au in w t h e1-Axb tosstea
No,t nat a w do n a Q ds o each b,b2,ba
hg Motria
27s
dTheu a 3 wGed ina, aa,, 34:b
I u lo: AbHba
1 5 3hth
|4 2-6: bz A12 b
n n , 4, +7,, 47 3-2 7:63 o 53b1tb3
b
3 A :bi Ab
b

o .0
by+ 3bi-(+in)
bst3br-1b, ub1)= 4 bs 43h ba
Au
k y s a m a 4esnt ony ushen bi-Iba 4by 0.
Burs h igtin ost tol i nda fiuct Coumn. . T i n
fes e tuu h, bs, bs, b-b +bg may not u go Conled , u
in s plone spannd u a,3°z
ilus eb,, by, bs. the kutem Ax b u inwnitd
tm ft an mn Totik. Ysl in &ottmenis an eqiuslr
Trt ui al ce thim au t s Gou e
(him atae
)A las
iucb Eutuy ROW
E) b
onuytnt je eah be iR (odumm o
C) 6, an ts fuisld as Linms Comisunation ho& pfuct n uy u
Bnu A motitesr
a
A matr .
2-7.4, 47,0, 47,0,4 h misont Conusunt ja cth beI
Ar b
d)Cel't A Shan IP
rot
2
Su v, V,3 span
hao ho Ax: b o, (eniyut jea eash bt1 e
Dny wuas eR Can
e VV, V span 1 Comuratia o V,
Arentd genutud) as a lineu
Cath
,475V, +, V, á = b comuitnd
A.
Conwtiud tu A matua uuig ,,v2,Va as cdums e
.glinu matiz ocs md ha a hiut in evey Ao
Axb nat wmudent tu eath b¬tR 3Seus, V, 3or
Cols A deu nt span1R
IR,h
G. u - v e plant R Apannud ly Cs
eA
Col's Cgnetu A mai wk , v aV d
oA, kh ó u?
ta A matr &hos a
piut en V2 Va
veRoca q
u be u plone spannut ly e A. o'i u can Shan 1R
Aeruttd as a Lintas Grahiatienee'iefA
2.0,4qa, U dnut A
31 1J
to u y Row A maix has a pivet
r Cslumns A span R °(ox)
Aiamydud mus nCRu wds V, V V pan 1R
A b tonslsbers tauk b IR
26: - 33 32

-I 6
6
l42
lomogenousquahion funa ndenendan u
Az 0 Hovmogenous equamon
A 14c0V te le lungal
sad

mxn mA
DectoA dander hsh ciatt akoalasu ejp AuCh thait),
Yhe honmogeneous uane C CV +p
Ax0 t least houRourbian iexr hasendy h tulae soluthon. 7. C (( o
w t o d IR". Tus solun'en da calitd as tiual 8oh
6 the moR
important questlon wshatbus ths exisg a
nontuual dependu ,vCV, CpVp:0
d i d ie a non exo uector7 hat
soi'sfa Ax 0 has a non tiua sotuhedn
#u set VV
tomoqenaouu A Ax o t a nom huäI haut
g64 4 § enly
eteunnu
sytm Axso has at latl ku vacile
unaty ndnendtnt
CaaJeteAmne - olhaus homogeneaus a x-o has a mon.ti a v a columns
o
oluon dostuet the A matrik h V,
t
enuy tfial koth hen
tu
Ax o bas
37 451, -4g 0 Uthe homeqencou
21 4A70 2
4 D

, &inaey dndentndent A
61 28 s0.
5
S 4 o
42: 3 2

2 4 0 2
O8 :0
2 0 -
-3 A : O 3
3 3o
1.

D au barit vaiattee & Atu


hai à n m 6ial e
homogeneou uanbn Ax o
2 a p vaual ,Ax -a has a non tiuual golution, tsna the See {u v, Vs} 4 unaty oleheroke
D
C1 each hou )
14 2 o 4 t 2
37 4 5724X2 o
31 l 0 07

naual eluh on , -4712, 0


solaten
71Z 2 2jeraul
an Scalas mulhipls

-S

b a scalaa mulhplas

pon&
Phas te a set ctos Aas mau numls han u
n hom Vs u han , V Vg can e genralud as Linta
an set L D.
ormuraben V ,

EEA
gCon e Cthas sads, X V, t V2
Comgiutent
en
eapresudin ny
-3:5

Ba uecdous , B.Y ae kineaty nlependant dhoortrat *B,


-,-2/34Y au unaady endnnder
6-
shanm Seus 3 is -3S
a ,d- t2p+ as LE on LA o

-60-h
2(atp) 7,(x-p) +7,(« -ag+Y)=o-0 ineridnt. )
coum he Radtucad Cugvnentud a pëuot Colun
ha nigtmost
3 ybn is JNCON SISTENT
not n 3pan{ a n value h .
Hlene
(A4 7g) v, v V3 u LD
+
B(a-z-27g)t -0 Foa vehot uakw h' w t u vettos

gT au LI 12

, =o 27, D 4
+
-h- 4
O
-12272:o 72
ecte 3 3 -1:0 to

-2 4o 44
-5 h

42o 4 4ho
o 2 3O

7 t72 17, 0
272t37,o
. 22-4,20o
o -2 o
o6h D
yaasc
RE Ai *o Vas a e
hu ahou syaam mius hat it dV3 uul be LD
nsiunt only hln 70,
Kn 9 0; oetBexp.YatY LT. asu
w A-[v, v, V])
gaF uhat valus. ' h Ay 0
v3 spang9, v,3
6-ho
Az=o has Vaua
h
whin pouek n 6-h =o

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