Ronald Rudijono XI IPA 1/32

1. Because
Because is a subordinating conjunction which bridging one clause (independent clause) with
another clause (dependent clause)
Example : I didn’t go to work yesterday because I was ill

2. Because of
Because of is classified as preposisiton, which are able to be interpreted with conjunctions
aswell, but only followed by noun, not clause
Example : I didn’t go to work yesterday because of illness

3.As
The conjunction “as” has several different meanings. We use “as” when one event happens
while another is in progress (‘during the time that’). In this case the verb after is often in the
continuous form
Example : They arrived as we were leaving

4. Therefore
“Therefore” is a conjunctive adverb that can be used as a transition word in sentences and
paragraphs. It shows cause and effect between independent clauses, so it cannot be used to
start a paragraph or included as part of a standalone sentence.
Example : John studied hard for the math exam. Therefore, he got an A+

5. Due to
Due to is a preposition that veiled meaning ‘on the result of’ or simply explaining an event.
Example : The accident happened due to his carelessness

6. Owing to
Owing to is explaining more the reason or uttering ‘because of what’ the incident or event
happened.
Example : Owing to his carelessness, the accident happened

7. Since
 Ronald Rudijono XI IPA 1/32
since is used as a conjunction, it joins a main clause and a subordinate clause. Since comes at
the beginning of the subordinate clause.
Example : Mike has been promoted twice since he joined the company.