ASSIGNMENT NO.

5:

1. As a Science Technology advocate, discuss how you will discourage female students from
carrying out abortions?

Answer: The number of female students engaging in premarital sex is increasing together with
an unwanted pregnancy, and with this abortion became rampant. Abortions are the
termination of pregnancy either by taking medicines or having a surgical procedure. As a
science and technology advocate, I will raise awareness among all female students about the
consequences of abortion not only to God, to the law but also to their health. Awareness will be
my focus, with the use of technology and modern medicine abortion is very easy, but I want
them to realize that aside from it being a mortal sin, it has a big impact on their whole life and I
will emphasize always choosing right decision to avoid this kind of situation. Further, awareness
about unplanned pregnancies will be my advocacy by letting them realise some values that will
make them question their decisions, and will help female students to be responsible and be
knowledgeable about things like pregnancy and abortions.

2. Explain the justification for bioethics in STS at the educational and societal levels in the
Philippines.

Answer: Bioethics in STS is important to education to promote awareness to students and

balance values and beliefs for fair judgement and decision. It also promotes more opportunities
for reflection and discussion, to stimulates critical judgment, and the ability to make decisions.
It is not only for clinical decision-making, and advancements in medical technologies but also
plays a vital role in policy changes and legislation which has implications for the societal levels
in the Philippines. Bioethics is teaching ethics and human values that are necessary for the
development of a country and even the world. Bioethics in STS helps the society of the
Philippines in the clinical aspect with the consideration of values and beliefs.

3. Discuss the medical ethics in blood transfusion, health care, and heart transplanting.
Answer: There are different medical ethics in blood transfusion, health care and heart
transplanting depending on the situation. In blood transfusion after a doctor determines that
you need a blood transfusion, they will test your blood to ensure that the blood you are given
matches your blood type and it is very important ethics to make sure that every step is for the
welfare of patients. Blood donation as a gift, donor confidentiality, donor notification, donor
consent, consent for transfusion, the right to refuse a blood transfusion, and the right to be
informed if harmed is some of the medical ethics to consider.

Medical ethics in health care are the following; first is decision-making, it is a clinical
assessment regarding an individual’s ability to make informed decisions about their care.
Decisional capacity is directly linked to informed consent and is decision dependent. The
second right to refuse, even those who lack decision-making capacity, has the right to refuse
treatment. There are some circumstances where an individual’s right of refusal may be
overridden by the health care team. Also, it is part of medical ethics the withdrawal and
withhold treatment, for PAD, voluntarily stop eating and drinking, and answer frequently asked
questions.

Heart transplanting is a crucial procedure and part of its medical ethics are u tility, justice, and
respect for the person. These three are foundational ethical principles that create a framework
for the equitable allocation of scarce organs for transplantation. Ethical beliefs must be
examined from the aspects of everyone involved: the patient, family members, and health care
providers. Some aspects of the transplantation process also warrant special consideration such
as transplantation, lack of a viable support system for patients, and cultural issues.

4. What Are Cells and Genes? How Do They Interact?

Answer: Genes encode proteins and proteins dictate cell function. Therefore, cells and genes
interact because the thousands of genes expressed in a particular cell determine what that cell
can do. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things, and genes can be found deep
within cells. Further, genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code
for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body. Chromosomes are
structures within cells that contain a person's genes. Genes are contained in chromosomes,
which are in the cell nucleus. Cells have molecular pathways that convert information – such as
the binding of a chemical signal to its receptor – into a change in gene expression.

5. What Is Gene Therapy? How Does It Work?

Answer: Gene therapy is the transplantation of normal genes into cells in place of missing or
defective ones to correct genetic disorders.

Gene therapy works by replacing or inactivating disease-causing genes. In some cases, gene
therapy introduces new genes into the body to treat a specific disease. With gene therapy,
doctors deliver a healthy copy of a gene to cells inside the body. This healthy gene may replace
a damaged (mutated) gene, inactivate a mutated gene or introduce an entirely new gene.
Carriers, called vectors, transport these healthy genes into cells.