Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter Three
Chapter Three
Chapter Three
Institute of Technology
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Electronics and communication Department
Undergraduate program
TELECOMMUNICATION
NETWORKS
(Eeng. 5151)
In the T1 system
• 24 time slots are multiplexed (byte interleaved) to form a frame
• Each time slot is an 8-bit encoded word and one more bit is added
for frame synchronization and alignment.
• If we combine these 64Kbps channels together, we can achieve
wideband transmission rate of 1.544 Mbps
BISDN BISDN
Services Services
Reassembly
Segmentation
Multiplexing Demultiplexing
Workstation Workstation
H
ATM Network H
H H H H H H
H H H
(a) In the VLF, LF, and MF bands, radio waves follow the curvature of
the earth
(b) In the HF band, they bounce off the ionosphere
3. Satellite
• NASA launched the first experimental satellite in 1963.
• The first commercial satellite was launched in 1965.
• So 1965 marked the beginning of the use of satellite communications
to support public telephony as well as television, particularly
international television.
• Currently, more than 250 communications-based satellites are in
space.