OOGENESIS AND THE OVARIAN CYCLE

 OOGENESIS – process of producing female gametes

 OVARIAN CYCLE - Puberty, the pituitary gland begins to release FSH, primary follicles grow and mature
each

month

 Follicle grows larger, it accumulates in the antrum, then primary oocyte is contains undergoes meiosis
to

produce secondary oocyte and polar oocyte

 Ovulated secondary oocyte is penetrated by a sperm, its nucleus undergoes the second meiotic
division that

produces another polar body and the ovum Nucleus

 If secondary Oocyte is nto penetrated by a sperm, it deteriorates without completing meiosis

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A. Functions

1. Production of the male gametes

2. Transmission of the spermatozoa to the female

B. Male Reproductive organs

1. Testes/Testicles

 Olive-sized and approximately 4 cm long and 2.5 cm wide and weighs 10-15 g.

 SPERMATIC CORDS – holds the testes in the scrotum

 TUNICA VAGINALIS – Serous covering for the testes

 TUNICA ALBUGINEA – forms the septa that divides the testis into a series of internal compartments

called LOBULES

 SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES – Convoluted tubules, “sperm forming factories”

 SPERMATOZOA – cells that line the epithelial

 LEYDIG CELLS- Interstitial cells which secrete testosterone

2. Duct System
A. Epididymis

1. Comma-shaped organ that is highly coiled tube about 6m (20ft) long

2. Caps the superior par tof the testis

3. During stimulation, walls of the epididymis contract to expel the sperm in to the next part of

the duct system, the vas deferens

a. Ductus deferens/ Vas Deferense

i. Lines with pseudostratified epithelium and contains a heavy coat of smooth muscle

ii. Functions to store sperm, which can remain viable for several months

iii. Enclosed by a connective tissue sheath called SPERMATIC CORD

b. Ejaculatory Duct

i. Union of the ducts of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens

ii. Ends at the prostate urethra, where they eject sperm and seminal vesicle

secretions before ejaculation

c. Urethra

i. Extends form the base of the bladder to the tip of the penis

ii. Terminal part of the male duct system

iii. 3 regions

1. Prostatic Urethra

2. Membranous Urethra

3. Spongy ( Penile) Urethra

iv. Carries both urine and sperm

v. Bladder sphincter contricts when ejaculation occurs

Accessory organs and semen

1. Seminal Vesicles – located at the base of the bladder (60% of Fluid volume of Semen)

2. Prostate gland – Single gland about the size of a chestnut, encircles the upper part of the urethra just
below

the bladder

a. Secretes milky fluid that activates enzymes

3. Bulbourethral gland (Cowpers gland) – tiny pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate gland

a. Produce a thick, clear mucus that drains into penile urethra

b. Lubircates during coitus

4. Semen – milky white, somewhat sticky mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions

a. Alkalinity (7.2 to 7.6) helps neutralize acid environment in female vagina (3.5 – 4)

b. Contains seminal plasmin, chemical that inhibits bacterial multiplication , hormone relaxin and certain

enzymes that enhances sperm motility

c. Dilutes sperm; without dilution, sperm motility is severely impaired