FINAL MANUSCRIPT Group 5 NS1C2

SAFETY AT SEA AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS AMONG FISHERFOLKS
IN BARANGAY TALABA 2, BACOOR, CAVITE CITY: BASIS FOR

SAFETY AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS
PROGRAM
A Thesis
Presented to
the Faculty of the Languages Department
Philippine Merchant Marine School, Las Piñas City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements IN Research Course (Research Writing)
For the First Semester, School Year 2021-2022
By:
Group 5 NS1C2
Bantilan, Romar Mananguete, Marsan Jay

Cateron, Marc Montil, Earl Jhun
Divinagracia, Keven Santos, Justine Oliver
Gonzales, Frenz Rexton P. Veluz, Jordan Lee
Jose, Ralph Louie
December 2022
i
APPROVAL SHEET
This research entitled
SAFETY AT SEA AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN

BARANGAY TALABA 2 BACOOR CAVITE CITY: BASIS FOR SAFETY AND MARINE
POLLUTION AWARENESS PROGRAM
Prepared and presented by: Group 5 N-S1C2
Bantilan, Romar Mananguete, Marson Jay

Cateron, Marc Montil, Earl Jhun
Divinagracia, Keven Santos, Justine Oliver
Gonzales, Frenz Rexton P. Veluz, Jordan Lee
Jose, Ralph Louie
has been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL
EXAMINATION.
CLARENCE L. RAFAEL, MAIE, MSME

Adviser
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination
MAGDALENA T. CORRE, Ed.D ETHEL M. DOMINGUEZ, MAT

Member Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Research Course
for 1st Semester, School Year 2022-2023
TEODORO II R. TIU, LlB, MAEd MAGDALENA T. CORRE, Ed.D.

Asst. Head of Humanities and Languages Dean of Studies
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers, whose dedication, patience, eagerness, and sacrifices have
been diligently poured into this study, extends their wholehearted gratitude and
appreciation, first of all, to the Almighty God, who sent his Holy Spirit to provide them
the strength and knowledge to push through in finishing the manuscript. Gratitude is
also due to the following individuals who have helped, supported, and guided them in
many ways:
Their professor and thesis adviser, Engr. Clarence L. Rafael, for his great concern,
full support, valuable comments, expertise, knowledge and excellent ideas, thus
supervising and often guiding the researchers with patience that inspired the
researchers to finish this study;
Dr. Magdalena T. Core and Mrs. Ethel M. Dominguez, panel members, for their
intellectual comments and suggestions towards the improvement of this study;
Finally, to the fisher folks of Barangay Talaba 2 who served as respondents of this
study for extending full and unselfish cooperation in answering questionnaires during
the gathering of necessary data for the completion of this study.
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DEDICATION
To the Almighty God who enlightened me on what to do and who gave me the
strength of body and mind in order to finish this study, this study is lovingly dedicated.
To their parents, for their unconditional love and care, this study is lovingly
dedicated.
The Researchers
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ABSTRACT
Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes
from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution results in
damage to the environment, to the health of all organisms, and to economic structures
worldwide. Major sources of marine pollution are the inflow of chemicals, solid waste,
discharge of radioactive elements, industrial and agricultural effluents, man-made
sedimentation, oil spills, and many such factors. Most of causing this problem are
people itself, thus , the garbage’s that going in the sea, lakes, and river, and so on are
causing a pollution. Eighty percent of pollution to the marine environment are comes
from land. Nevertheless, affecting the fisher folks to suffer on difficulty to catch fishes
on the sea. As I said this came from people that lacking of discipline that causing them
to throw anywhere their garbage’s which is the government is at fault to in lucking
proper segregation so that to train the people to have a discipline to throw their trash to
rightful place. This problem start at early decades which are it start when the people
becoming aware that the trashes that they throw wrong fully was start to affect them
which causing floods in any places when having storm. This problem still exist because
the people itself has a greater factor on solving it, however, while we solving it this
problem it still happening right now. It is necessary to solve this problem because this is
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affecting our health and also the daily life of the fisher folks to have a foods to their
table or their livelihood, however we can totally solve this solution but we can reduce it.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgements iii
Dedication iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Background of the Study
Research Framework
Hypotheses
Statement of the Problem
Scope and Limitations
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms
vi
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Review of Related Literature
Review of Related Studies
CHAPTER 3 METHODS AND PROCEDURE
Research Design
Respondents of the Study
Sampling Technique
Research Instrument
Data-Gathering Procedures
Statistical Treatment of Data
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Respondents’ Profile
Respondents’ Awareness on Safety at Sea
Respondents’ Awareness on Marine Pollution
Comparative Analysis between Respondents’ Level of Awareness
on Safety at Sea According to Categories.
Comparative Analysis between Respondents’ Levels of Awareness
on Marine Pollution According to Categories.
vii
CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
Letter of Request to Conduct Study
Letter to the Respondents
Data Gathering Instrument
CURRICULUM VITAE
PHOTOS/DOCUMENTATION
Table LIST OF TABLES Page
viii
4.1 The profile of the respondents in terms of age
4.2 The Respondents’ Frequency Distribution in Terms of Gender
4.3 Respondent’s Frequency Distribution in Terms of Educational
Attainment
4.4 The Respondent’s Frequency Distribution in Terms of Training
and Seminar
4.5 Respondents’ Awareness on Safety at Sea
4.6 Respondents’ Awareness on Marine Pollution
4.7 Comparative Analysis between Respondents’ Level of Awareness
on Safety at Sea According to Categories.
4.8 Comparative Analysis between Respondents’ Levels of Awareness
on Marine Pollution According to Categories.
Figure LIST OF FIGURES
1.1 Research Paradigm
ix
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
Fishing has always been and will always be a dangerous occupation. While risk
will always be a part of fishing, measures to reduce risks at sea have had some success,
particularly in technologically advanced areas of the world. Despite this, fishing remains
the most dangerous occupation pursued by man. In recent years much attention has
been paid to safety of navigation and marine transportation. Marine Navigation and
Safety of Sea Transportation addresses the main aspects of marine safety, including:
safety of navigation; maneuvering and ship-handling systems; marine traffic control and
automatic identification systems; navigation tools, system.
On the other hand, marine pollution can affect the safety at sea not only to the
Marine environment but also in the safety of all the lives of the seafarers at sea.
According to the Ocean Pollution; Causes and Effects and Prevention Marine pollution
has a lot of factors such as Conventional oils or Oil spills, Intentional discharge,
Eutrophication, Ocean mining, Radioactive waste, Effects of Electric Generating Stations
at sea, Littering and more on. Marine pollution is very harmful to our ocean also to the
seafarers which may give them a problem to avoid sailing the ship or may cause
stoppage and it can cause a delay on your destination. Marine pollution is a serious
1
issue or major issue at sea because of its effect at sea, it can cause a big damage of the
state of the coastal life of the corals, and also the living creatures at sea.
As researchers, it is necessary to solve these two maritime issues in order to
enhance control or prevent fisherfolks and other concerned individuals and industries to
control their wastes. Likewise, safety of life at sea must be taught to all fishermen in
order to minimize accidents during fishing.
Background of the Study
Marine pollution can affect the safety at sea not only to the Marine environment
but also in the safety of all the lives of the seafarers at sea. Marine pollution is very
harmful also to the fishermen which may give them a problem to avoid sailing the
fishing vessels or may cause stoppage and it can cause a delay on your destination.
Marine pollution is a serious issue or major issue at sea because of its effect at sea, it
can cause a big damage of the state of the coastal life of the corals, and also the living
creatures at sea. To increase the safety of the fishermen as well as the sustainable
utilization of the fish stocks, all concerned fishermen do their parts to improve the
safety at sea. As times comes by, the safety at sea improves a lot. They also publish
safety regulation at seas for fisheries and attend some trainings, education and lastly
development of regulation.
In areas near Talaba ll in Bacoor Cavite City, tropical mangroves that are the
nursery for many fish and protect land from coastal erosion, have been destroyed to
2
create shrimp farms. To prevent further damage to the aquatic ecosystems that support
our fisheries, we all need to ensure the fish we buy comes from sustainable companies
who do not deplete fish stocks or damage the environment. Likewise, the Metro area
has regular floods as a result of waste being dumped into rivers. This ultimately seeps
into the maritime ecosystem and has detrimental effects on both the fishing business
and nature-based tourism, both of which generate cash. Fishermen from this area have
complained that plastics are suffocating coral reefs, which has an impact on the ecology
as a whole and decreased fish harvest.
As researchers, it is our desire to recommend probable solution or method to
remedy the problem. A safety at sea and marine pollution awareness program must be
conducted with the participations of all fisher folks of Talaba ll, Bacoor Cavite City.
Research Framework
In every activity, people accept a level of individual evaluation of risk in terms of
their overall safety to enable them to avoid accidents that usually occurs at sea due to
lack of safety awareness. People ignore risk when the level of risk is below the
acceptable limit and increase their exposure to risk. However, when people observe a
higher risk, they become aware of precautionary measures to avoid exposure on risk
(Wilde, 2014). Thus, there should be a full implementation of safety awareness in fishing
industry so that fisher folks will become fully aware of the danger brought about by
negligence and ignorance while working in accident-prone environment.
3
Figure 1 illustrates in graphic form the paradigm of the study. The Input, Process
and Output Model (IPO) mentally outlines concepts of the researchers. The block
diagram shows high level flow of different elements and aims to arrive at the main
objective.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
1. Type the numerical data in

1. Demographic Profile 1. t-test result for difference
the variable view and encode
of fishermen as to: in fishermen’s safety and marine
all the data in the data matrix
pollution
on the SPSS software.
a) Age awareness according to:
b) Gender
2. Analyze the data by using
c) Education a. Age
descriptive statistics to
d) Training/Seminar b. Gender
determine the measure of
c. Education
central tendencies, variations
2. Safety Awareness of d. Training/Seminar
of responses and significant
Fishermen
differences on safety
2. Safety Awareness Program
awareness according to age,
3. Marine Pollution
gender, education and
Awareness of 3. Marine Pollution Awareness
training.
Fishermen Program
3. Present the data in tabular
form.
4. Interpret and analyze the

data.
Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study
In the paradigm of the study, it shows that the researchers process from the
Input of the study which are the demographic profiles, safety awareness and marine
pollution awareness of the respondents. The researcher’s process consists of the
4
encoded numerical data gathered and encoded into the SPSS software. Data are
analyzed, presented, and interpreted by the researchers. The output of the process shall
be the basis for seminar workshop about safety awareness and marine pollution
awareness.
Hypotheses
The following null hypotheses were tested in this study:
HO: There’s no significant difference on the respondent’s awareness on safety at sea
according to their demographic profile.
HO: There’s no significant difference on the respondent’s awareness on marine pollution
according to their demographic profile.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to investigate the safety and marine pollution awareness among fisher
folks of Talaba ll, Bacoor Cavite City.
Specifically, it aims to investigate the following:
1. What is the demographic profile of fisher folks in terms of
1.1 Age,
1.2 Gender,
1.3 Educational attainment
1.4 Training and seminar
5
2. What is the extent of respondent’s awareness on safety at sea?
3. What is the extent of respondent’s awareness on marine pollution?
4. Is there a significant difference on the respondent’s awareness on safety at sea
according to categories?
5. Is there a significant difference on the respondent’s awareness on marine
pollution according to categories?
Scope and Limitation
This study focuses on the awareness on safety at sea and marine pollution. The data
collection was conducted with the participation of 50 randomly selected fisherfolks of
Talaba ll, Bacoor Cavite City. From August to December 21, 2022. The variables to be
investigated are respondents’ awareness on safety at sea and awareness on marine
pollution.
For the limitations of the study, it could be important to compare the results with other
fisher folks in other provinces. This study has also limited coverage, which is considered
as its weakness. It only focuses on the basic for safety and Marine pollution awareness
program. Due to time limitation the researchers would not be able to include any
neighboring towns or provinces.
Significance of the Study
The researcher will conduct this study to awoke the awareness of fisher folks in the
safety of life at sea and to reduce or prevent of marine pollution at sea.
6
1. Philippine Coast Guars. This study will benefit to the following coast guard in
terms of ensuring the safety of fisher folks and for them to be able to know or be
aware the causes of marine pollution that could causes such effect in the sea.
2. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources. This study will benefit to this
government sector to produce such laws and regulations that is related to the
safety of every fisherfolks. The findings of this study can contribute ideas for the
said official to what should be the negative or positive contribute of fisher folks
in the country.
3. Department of Environment and Natural Resources. The findings of this study
will benefit to this department who is ensuring, managing and development of
the country’s environment and natural resources. They can measure and
maintain what would be the practice that must be avoided for those fisher folks.
4. Fisher folks. This study will benefit to other fisher folks who doesn’t have any
idea about the marine pollution that causes some effect on the sea that is
brought danger to their occupation. Through this they can have some insight
about the safety and awareness of Marine pollution.
5. Future Researchers. This study will serve as a guide for the student who will
conduct research in similar subject. It may help to add their knowledge and
conclusions about this topic, which is basis for safety and Marine Pollution
awareness program.
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Definition of Terms
The following terms were defined operationally and conceptually.
Awareness This refers to knowledge or perception of

a situation or fact.(Conceptual definition)
In this study is overall safety to enable
them to avoid accidents that usually
occurs at sea (operational definition)
Fisher Folks This refers to people who catch fish for a
living. (Conceptual definition)
In this study, Fisher folks is a person who
had a dangerous occupation at the sea.
(operational definition)
Mine Pollution This refers to a combination of chemicals
and trash, most of which comes from land
sources and is washed or blown into the
ocean (Conceptual definition)
In this study, Marine pollution is a serious
issue or major issue at sea because of its
effect at sea, it can cause a big damage of
the state of the coastal life of the corals,
and also the living creatures at sea.
Safety This refers to the condition of being

protected from or unlikely to cause
danger, risk, or injury.
(Conceptual definition)
In this study, Safety of Sea Transportation
addresses the main aspects of marine
safety, including: safety of navigation;
maneuvering and ship-handling systems;
marine traffic control and automatic
identification systems; navigation tools,
system.(operational definition)
Safety at Sea This refers to the state of human activity
at sea causing threats to ships, human life
and the environment (Conceptual
definition)
In this study, safety of life at sea must be
taught to all fishermen in order to
8
minimize accidents during fishing.
Training This refers to the action of teaching a

person or animal a particular skill or type
of behavior (Conceptual definition)
In this study, they also publish safety
regulation at seas for fisheries and attend
some trainings, education and lastly
development of regulation. (operational
definition)
9
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Review of Related studies
This chapter includes the review of related literature and studies.
This study presents new multi-jurisdictional legislative interventions to reduce SUPs
since 2017 and incorporates emergence of new non-legislative interventions to mitigate
other types of SUPs at individual and private-sector levels that complement or influence
legislative interventions. Further, effectiveness of SUP bag interventions (e.g., bans vs.
levies) to help reduce SUP marine pollution are presented and range between 33 and
96% reduction in bag use.
The results state that the students change quantitatively their perception of beach-litter
causes and derived problems, and they improved their knowledge about the main
marine litter sources and the role of the sea in the waste transport and deposition along
the coast. Locritani (2019).
Results suggest that the public perceives the immediacy of marine anthropogenic
impacts and is highly concerned about ocean pollution, overfishing, and ocean
acidification. Eliciting public awareness, concerns, and priorities can enable scientists
and funders to understand how the public relates to marine environments, frame
impacts, and align managerial and policy priorities with public demand. Duarte (2014)
10
Findings suggest that most students are concerned about the ocean environment, but
their knowledge is not enough that makes the willingness to participate in ocean related
actions limited as well. The results show there is an urgent need to improve students’
OEA (Ocean Environmental Awareness). Fang(2016)
This paper tries to incorporate Hofstede’s dimensions of national culture to identify
possible interaction with accidents. It will be of help to figure out the need to consider
the aspect of national culture to be efficient in dealing with policies for safer
communities and nations Formela (2019)
Findings strongly suggest that regulations that have been primarily designed to reduce
pressure on fish stocks may also result in increased pressure on fishermen and
decreased safety at sea. Attitudes about the role of the New England Fisheries
Management Council and improvements to the safety regulatory and management
process particularly with regard to the increased participation by fishermen are also
examined Kaplan(2000)
In this article a statistical analysis is performed to determine the distribution of human
casualties and lost ships over accident types, ship types and ship sizes. Subsequently,
based on several scenarios for the implementation of autonomous ships, a
quantification of the estimated reduction in loss of life and loss of ships is provided. It is
concluded that the implementation of autonomy on small cargo ships with a length
below 120 m will have the largest safety benefit, since these ships account for the
majority recorded ship losses and lives lost. Osiris(2021)
11
This paper first discusses current safety levels for shipping in Norwegian waters using
the available statistics on maritime incidents and accidents. Some cases will be
described to illustrate situations in which contingency planning resources were able to
prevent serious accidents. The “Full City” and “Langeland” incidents in July 2009 are
taken as examples of emergency response resources being inadequate to prevent major
disasters. Motz(2011)
A major rationale of this study is that issues of safety at sea are kept clearly in the
attention of all involved in the maritime industry. By understanding the important role
that education plays in improving safety at sea it is hoped that trainers and educators
will continuously take time to improve the service they provide to seafarers and to the
industry as a whole. The implications of the strategies outlined in this paper will
hopefully encourage those with the power to induce change to search for ways to
improve and implement the education and training that seafarers urgently need in order
to enjoy a safe working environment.
12
Review of related literature
The marine environment covers not only the ocean, but estuaries (e.g., bays), which are
coastal areas where the seawater is diluted with freshwater coming from rivers and
streams, or sometimes groundwater. Much of the pollution is concentrated in these
shallow coastal areas, which are often next to urban centers and other concentrations
of humans who are responsible for the pollution. Author: Weis(2015)
Reasonable evidence exists to demonstrate that pollution of coastal waters of the world
is increasing. It does so as the human population and industries in coastal zones expand,
as ocean outfalls proliferate in numbers and capacities, and as ocean dumping continues
and increases in volume. Author: Sindermann(1995)
Findings strongly suggest that regulations that have been primarily designed to reduce
pressure on fish stocks may also result in increased pressure on fishermen and
decreased safety at sea. Author: Kite-Powel(2000)
It is concluded that the implementation of autonomy on small cargo ships with a length
below 120 m will have the largest safety benefit, since these ships account for the
majority recorded ship losses and lives lost. Author: Hekkenberg(2021)
13
CHAPTER 3
METHODS AND PROCEDURE
This chapter presents the research design, the respondents who were involved in
the study, sampling technique used to the instruments used, the data-gathering
procedure, and the statistical tools that were applied in the data collected.
Research Design
Quantitative approach is used in this research since it is composed of variables,
measured numerically and analyzed with statistical procedures. Descriptive is the
research design of this study. A descriptive research observes a subject or situation in a
natural and unchanged manner. (Melegrito, 2016)
Survey is the chosen research design since the study aims to gather the opinions
and the knowledge of the participants on their experiences from safety at sea and
marine pollution awareness among fisher folks.
Respondents
The respondents of this study is 26 male and 24 female with the total of 50
respondents who is residing in Barangay Talaba 2, Bacoor Cavite. Those selected
respondents will expected to participate in this study to determine the causes of marine
pollution in their society and conduct awareness program that is suitable for the said
14
residence. The respondents will be selected if they are 18 years old above who has a
experience as a fisher folks.
Sampling Technique
This study focused on gathering data about the basis for safety and marine
pollution awareness. The researcher conducted the study in Barangay Talaba 2 Bacoor,
Cavite City. The researcher used a simple random sampling and limited their study to 50
respondents which the researcher randomly selects of a subset of participants from a
population.
Data Gathering Procedure
First, the will researchers conducted an interview, considered as a pre-survey, to
a random people of fisher folks who has experience or expertise. Using the gathered
responses from initial survey, creation and completion of a self designed survey
questionnaire took place, for it is the only means of gathering information. Next, the
researchers prepared a letter of endorsement from the research adviser that was sent
to the professional for the face to face validation of the questionnaire.
After ensuring the internal consistency of the questionnaire, a letter of consent
was composed for the participants regarding the data gathering. Moreover, the data
15
gathering was conducted for a couple of days to ensure the validity and relevance of the
respondents of the samples. After retrieving the questionnaires the data collected will
be finally tally and used.
The researcher made a self-design survey questionnaire as the only method of
collecting necessary data for the study. The primary aim of the study is to find out the
basis for safety and marine pollution awareness. A self-completion/administered
questionnaire is an instrument where in respondents can complete the questionnaire
without the help of the researcher (Mactal, 2016). This research instrument was
composed by close ended questions to be answered easier by the respondents and
avoid the risk of responders fatigue. According to Bryman (2008), respondent fatigue
happens when the respondents are tired on answering long questionnaire and aborts to
answer the questionnaire. The survey questionnaire consists of questions and other
prompts which is in line in the problem statement for the purpose of gathering
necessary and accurate information from the respondents.
Statistical Treatment
The Survey Questionnaire were tallied immediately after gathering all the survey
answers. After connecting the tallied data it process to see the result by using frequency
16
counts, percentages weighted mean will be use to interpret the data gathered from the
survey-questionnaire.
1. Frequency Counts and Percentages
The formula can be use to tally the most frequent responses of the
participants. This is use in the part of the questionnaire profile of the
respondents.
Where: P = Percentage
F = Frequency
n = Number of Respondents
P = F x 100
2. Weighted Mean
This formula can be use to tally the most frequent responses of the
participants. This is use in the part of the questionnaire the profile of the
respondents.
Where:. X = mean x = ΣFx
Σ = Summation n
F = Frequency
n = Total of Respondents
3. Regression
This will use to determine students demographic are significantly related to
the respondents. Regression analysis is reliable method of the topic interest.
17
4. Anova
The test is a way to find out if survey experiment results are significant. In
other worlds, it help to figure out if you need to reset the null hypothesis or
the alternative hypothesis.
18
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
19
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
20
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Review of Related Literature
Judith S. Weise (2015) Marine Pollution: What everyone need to know, Retrieved from
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=AHXDBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=marine+pollution&hl=en&sa=X&redir_e
sc=y#v=onepage&q=marine%20pollution&f=false
Carl J. Sindermann (1995) Ocean Pollution: Effects on living resources and humans,
Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=Q0HRu_HP3PIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=marine+pollution&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ah
UKEwikj_b729P7AhXY1GEKHaRgB88Q6wF6BAgCEAU#v=onepage&q=marine
%20pollution&f=false
Kite-Powel (2002) Safety at sea and fisheries management:: fishermen’s attitudes and
the need for co-management, Retrieved From
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308597X00000269
Robert G. Hekkenberg (2021)The Impact of Autonomous Ships on Safety at Sea – A
Statistical Analysis, Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832021001113
Review of Related Studies
21
Tony R. Walker (2018) Reducing marine pollution from single-use plastics (SUPs): A
review, Retrieved from
M. Locritani (2019) Assessing the citizen science approach as tool to increase
awareness on the marine litter problem, Retrieved from
Carlos M. Duarte (2014) Public awareness, concerns, and priorities about
anthropogenic impacts on marine environments, Retrieved from
https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1417344111
Qinhua Fang (2016) Method and application of ocean environmental awareness
measurement: Lessons learnt from university students of China, Retrieved from
K. Formela (2019) Overview of definitions of maritime safety, safety at sea,
navigational safety and safety in general, Retrieved from
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/117015
I.M Kaplan, H.L Kite-Powell (2000) Safety at sea and fisheries management::
fishermen’s attitudes and the need for co-management, Retrieved from
22
Osiris A. Valdez Banda (2021) The Impact of Autonomous Ships on Safety at Sea – A
Statistical Analysis, Retrieved from,
Motz (2011) International Recent Issues about ECDIS, e-Navigation and Safety at Sea,
Retrieved from
https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.1201/b11342-30/safety-sea-review-
norwegian-activities
James G. Davy (2011) A Study on Educations Role in Establishing Strategies for
Improving Safety at Sea, Retrieved from
APPENDICES
23
APPENDIX A
Letter of Request to Conduct Study
24
APPENDIX B
25
Letter to the Respondents
APPENDIX C
26
SECTION I: RESPONDENT’S PROFILE

Direction: Please fill in the information requested for by writing your responses
on the blanks provided for each item or encircling the number that
describes your personal profile.
A. Age: _____________
B. Gender
1. Male
2. Female
C. Educational Attainment
1. Elementary
2. High School
D. Do you have safety/marine pollution seminar/workshop?
1. Yes
If YES, please specify: __________________________________
2. No
SECTION II: RESPONDENTS’ AWARENESS ON SAFETY AT SEA

KAMALAYAN NG MGA RESPONDANTE SA KALIGTASAN SA DAGAT
DIRECTION: Encircle the number that indicates your level of

awareness on safety at sea according to the
following rating scale:
4 - Very much aware (VMA)

3 - Aware (A)
2 - Moderately Aware (MA)
1 - Unaware (U)
Indicators on Safety at Sea (Mga paalala sa pag-iingat sa dagat) VMA A MA U

1. Storms can cause serious harm to, or even completely sink a 4 3 2 1
marine vessels
Maaaring magdulot ng malubhang pinsala ang bagyo, at maging
dahilan sa paglubog ng mgasasakyan-pandagat
2. Typhoons, and tropical cyclones feature violent wind, torrential 4 3 2 1
rain and surging waves.
Nagtatangi ng maalakas na hangin,ulan at mga alon ang isang
bagyo o tropical nabagyo
3. Typhoon winds can be so powerful that they reach 160 miles per 4 3 2 1
hour.
Maaaring umabot sa lakasna160 milya bawat oras ang bugso ng
hanginnadulot ng bagyo
4. Coral reefs, sandbars are geographic hazards on the seascape 4 3 2 1
that can harm vessels, and are risky to navigate.
27
Ang mgacoral reef, sandbar ay mga heograpikong panganib sa
dagat na maaaring makapinsala sa mgasasakyang pandagat sa
kanilang paglalayag.
5. Modern navigational technology such as GPS can also be used to 4 3 2 1
steer ships clear of known sandbars and coral reefs.
Ang makabagong teknolohiya sa paglalayag tulad ng GPS,na
isang gabay sa paglalayag na maaaring gamitnin upang maka-I
was sa mga sandbar at coral reef.
6. Structural problems, engine issues, navigational and equipment 4 3 2 1
failures, are all technological hazards.
Suliranin sa istruktura, ang pagkasirang mga makina, paglalayag
at maging sa kagamitan na dulot ng pangkalahatang
teknolohikal na panganib
7. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR can restore the patient’s 4 3 2 1
heart pulse.
Maaaring magbalik ng pulso sa puso ng pasyente ang Cardio
Pulmonary Resuscitation o CPR
8. In case of internal/external bleeding or shock, fishermen apply 4 3 2 1
appropriate basic measures to limit bleeding.
Ang+pangyayari sa panloob/panlabas o pagkabigla na
pagdurugo, naglalapatang mangingisda ng naaangkop na mga
pangunahing hakbang upang malimitahan ito
9. Fishermen recognize the signs of shock through color of face or 4 3 2 1
rate and character of pulse
Natutukoy ng mgamangingisda ang palatandaan ng pagkabigla,
sapamamagitan ng kulay ng mukha o katangian ng pulsonito.
10. Fishermen cool the area as quickly as possible for burns and 4 3 2 1
scalds.
Agarang pinalalamig ng mgamangingisda ang lugar upang
maibsan ang mga paso at lapnos sakatawan
11. Fishermen recognize the hazards of transporting a patient with 4 3 2 1
injury of pelvis and/or spine and demonstrates the correct
procedures for the transport of such casualties.
Natutukoy ng mgamangingisda ang mg amaaaring maging
panganib sa pagdadala ng pasyente na may bali sa balakang
at/o sa buto maging sa pagpapakita ng tamang pamamaraan
para sa pagdadala sa mga ito.
12. Fishermen improvise bandaging by available means. 4 3 2 1
Naka-iimbento ng mga paraan sa pagbibenda ang
mgamangingisda
13. Skills for wearing a lifejacket is a must for all fishermen. 4 3 2 1
Kinakailanganna may kaalaman sa pagsuot ng lifejacket ang
lahat ng mangingisda.
14. Fishermen must know how to keep afloat without a lifejacket 4 3 2 1
Kinakailangang marunong ang mga mangingisda kung paano
mapananatiling nakalutang sa dagat kahit wala itong lifejacket.
15. Fishermen must know how to operate location devices, including 4 3 2 1
28
radio equipment
Nararapat na may sapat na kaalaman ang mga mangingisda
kung paano patakbuhin/gamitin ang mga aparato sa
panlokasyon, kabilang ang mga kagamitang panradyo.
16. Fishermen are familiar to survival craft and appliances (e.g. 4 3 2 1
rescue boat, float-free launching, immersion suit, inflatable
appliance, thermal protective aid or anti-exposure suits or
launching appliance)
Pamilyar para sa mga mangingisda ang kaligtasang ginagawa sa
bapor maging sa mga kasangkapan nito (hal. rescue boat, float-
free launching, immersion suit, inflatable appliance, thermal
protective aid o anti-exposure suit o launching appliance)
17. Fishermen must know all types of emergencies leading to fires or 4 3 2 1
foundering of ships (e.g. Collision, stranding, adverse reaction of
dangerous goods or hazardous bulk materials, shifting of cargo,
engine-room explosion or fire or hull failure)
Kinakailangang malaman ng mgamangingisda ang lahat ng uri
ng aksidentena‘di inaasahan at humahantong sa pagkasunog o
pagkalubog ngbarko (hal. pagbangga, pagkasadsad,
mgahindiinaasahangpanganibsakalakal o mabibigat na
materyales, paglilipat ng kargamento, pagsabog sa silid ng
makina o pagkasunog ng bahagi ng barko)
18. Heat stroke, exposure to cold and hypothermia are considered 4 3 2 1
dangers to floating survivors.
Tinuturing na mapanganib sa mga floating survivors ang heat
stroke, pagkakalantad sa lamig at hypothermia.
19. Fire can be extinguished by removing one of the elements such as 4 3 2 1
heat, oxygen and fuel.
Maaaringmapatay ang apoy sa pamamagitan ng
pag-alis/pagtanggal ng oxygen at gasolina, maging ang init na
nagmumula rito.
20. Water hydrants can be used to extinguish solid fire. (e.g. paper, 4 3 2 1
wood, coal, cardboard, and other solid fuel fires)
Maaaring gamitin ang mga water hydrant upang mapatay ang
matitinding pag-apoy. (hal. papel, kahoy, karbon, karton, at iba
pang solid fuel na maaaring pagmulan din nito)
21. Foam extinguisher can be used to extinguish liquid fire. (e.g. 4 3 2 1
petrol, oil and paint)
Maaaring gamitin ang foam extinguisher upangpatayin ang mga
uri ng liquid fire o mga likidong pag-apoy (hal. petrolyo, langis at
pintura)
22. Wet blanket is appropriate for extinguishing oil fire. (e.g. cooking 4 3 2 1
oils and fats)
Ang nararapat gamitin ay basang kumot upang mapatay ang
apoy na dulot ng langis. (hal. Mga mantika sa pagluluto)
23. Fishermen must comply with emergency procedures in taking 4 3 2 1
action on discovering potential emergency, including fire,
29
collision, foundering and ingress of water into the boat.
Nararapat na ang mgamaninigisda’y sumunod sa mga
pamamaraang pang-emerhensiya o emergency sa paggawa ng
aksyon atpagtuklas ng mga maaring maging sanhi ng mga ito,
tulad ng sunog, banggaan, paglubog at pagpasok ng tubig sa
bangka.
24. Fishermen must know how to communicate clearly and 4 3 2 1
effectively with boat mates and those in government authority.
Nararapat na may sapat na kaalaman ang mga mangingisda
kung paano makipag-usap nang tama/malinaw at epektibo sa
mga kasamahan nito sa bangka at maging sa mga nasa
awtoridad ng gobyerno.
25. Fishermen recognize the effects of drug and alcohol abuse while 4 3 2 1
working.
Natutukoy ng mga mangingisda ang maaaring maging epekto ng
paggamit ng droga at alak habang nagtatrabaho.
SECTION III: RESPONDENTS’ AWARENESS ON MARINE POLLUTION

KAMALAYAN NG MGA RESPONDENTE SA MGA POLUSYON SA DAGAT
DIRECTION: Encircle the number that indicates your level of

awareness on marine pollutant according to the
following rating scale:
4 - Very much aware (VMA)

3 - Aware (A)
2 - Moderately Aware (MA)
1 - Unaware (U)
Indicators of Marine Pollution (Mga paalala sa polusyon sa dagat) VMA A MA U

1. There are legal requirements and procedures to protect the 4 3 2 1
marine environment from pollution by boats.
May mga legal na pamamaraan at kagamitan upang
maprotektahan ang yamang tubig mula sa polusyon na dulot
ng mga bangka.
2. Plastic is one of the major sources of marine pollution. 4 3 2 1
Pinagmumulan ng polusyon sa dagat ang plastik
3. Sewage enters into the ocean water through rivers and pollutes 4 3 2 1
the marine life.
Dumadaloy ang dumi sa alkantarilya sa tubig ng karagatan sa
pamamagitan ng mga ilog at nagpaparumi sa dagat
4. Oil spills lead to the death of thousands of innocent marine 4 3 2 1
animals due to suffocation and toxic effects of it.
Nag dudulot ng pagkamatay ng libu-libong mga inosenteng
30
hayop sa karagatan ang pagtagas ng langis galing sa barko
dahilan sa epekto nito na pagkasakal at pagkalason sa mga ito
5. Ocean pollution is also caused by to the toxins and chemicals 4 3 2 1
which enter into seawater through industrial & agricultural
wastes.
Sanhi polusyon sa karagatan ang mga lason at kemikal na
pumapasok sa tubig-dagat dahil sa basurang/duming
nagmumula sa mga industriya at pang-agrikultura.
6. Greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuel are responsible for 4 3 2 1
marine pollution, causing acidification of water.
Nagiging sanhi ng pag-asidipikasyon ng tubig/acidification of
water ang greenhouse gases na ibinubuga mula sa fossil fuel na
may pananagutan sa polusyon sa dagat
7. Operational recklessness offshore has an effect on marine 4 3 2 1
pollution.
Ang kawalang-ingat sa pagpapatakbo ng mga operasyon sa
malapit sa baybayin ay may dulot na polusyon sa dagat.
SALAMAT PO!
SA INYONG PAKIKIBAHAGI SA AMING PANANALIKSIK
Prepared by
ENGR. JOICE ANNE S. NICART
Head – Research and Community Extension Services
Isinalin sa wikang Filipino

BB. LINA C. VEDARAGOZA
Guro – PMMS Senior High School
31
CURRICULUM VITAE
MONTIL, EARL JHUN

City Address Tabing Ilog, Talaba 2 Bacoor City,
32
Cavite
Provincial Bacoor City, Cavite
Address
E-mail Address montil.earljhun@gmail.com
Contact Number 09351235644
PERSONAL DATA:
 Date of Birth September 29, 2002

 Place of Birth Pembo, Makati City
 Age 20
 Civil Status Single
 Citizenship Filipino
 Religion Roman Catholic
 Father’ Name Onofre Q. Quillopo
 Father’s Occupation Hotel Maintenance
 Mother’s Name Maria Gina M. Montil
 Mother’s Occupation Factory Worker
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:
 Tertiary Level /Address Bachelor of Science in Marine

Transportation
Philippine Merchant Marine School
San Antonio Valley Road. Talon 1, Las Piñas
City
 Senior High St. Peregrine Institute

School/Address 144 Gen. Evangelista Street, Bacoor, 4102
Cavite
 Elementary/Address Kalayan Elementary School
Kalayaan Village, Bagbag 201, Pasay, 1700
Metro Manila
33
Bantilan, Romar M.
City Address Blk 2, Lot 12 Pacific Woods Country Miles
Home, Carasadang Bago 2, Imus City,
Cavite
Provincial Address San Pedro Laguna, United Bayanihan
E-mail Address Bantilanromarbsmt@pmms.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA:
 Date of Birth December 27, 2002

 Place of Birth Silang Cavite
 Age 19
 Father’ Name Roberto D. Bantilan
 Father’s Occupation Welder
 Mother’s Name Thelma M. Bantilan
 Mother’s Occupation Real State Agent
 Tertiary Level /Address Bachelor of Science in Marine transportation

San Antonio Valley Road. Talon 1, Las Piñas City
 Senior High School/Address Saint Simon of Cyrene Academic Inc. School

Carsadang bago II, Imus City Cavite
 Elementary/Address Carsadang Bago Elementary School

Carsadang bago I, Imus City Cavite
34
CATERON, MARC ALLEN P.
City Address BLK 33 LOT 26 SOUTHERN HEIGHT ll BRGY
UBL SAN PEDRO LAGUNA
Provincial Address San Pedro Laguna, United Better Living
E-mail Address cateronmarcallen@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA:
 Date of Birth September 27,2001

 Place of Birth Makati
 Age 21
 Father’ Name Allan Damasin Cateron
 Father’s Occupation None
 Mother’s Name Marivic Pimentel Cateron
 Mother’s Occupation OFW

 Senior High School/Address Lyeum of Alabang In

Tunasan 1773 Muntinlupa City
 Elementary/Address Southern Height Montessori
Southern Height ll , San Pedro Laguna
35
VELUZ, JORDAN LEE D.
City Address Blk 35 Lt 13 Southern Heights 2 Brgy.
United Better Living San Pedro Laguna
Provincial Address San Pedro Laguna
E-mail Address veluzjordanleebsmt@pmm.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA:
 Date of Birth July 13, 2001

 Place of Birth Tugegarao City, Cagayan
 Age 21
 Father’ Name Joel Veluz
 Father’s Occupation OFw
 Mother’s Name Alma Decena
 Mother’s Occupation Business Ownee

 Senior High School/Address San Pedro College of Business Adnministration

San Pedro City Laguna
 Elementary/Address Merit Winners Acasemy Elementary High School

San pedro City Laguna
36
CLARENCE L. RAFAEL
City Address 20-k3rd kamuning Quezon City
Provincial Address Pambujan 1 San Francisco street, Northern
Samar
E-mail Address mananguetemarsanjaybsmt@pmms.edu.p
h
Contact Number 0912-0546-202
PERSONAL DATA:
 Date of Birth October 12,2002

 Place of Birth Pambujan Northern Samar
 Age 20
 Father’ Name Marlon B. Mananguete
 Father’s Occupation Farmer
 Mother’s Name Susan R. Mananguete
 Mother’s Occupation Councilor

 Senior High School/Address SFAC- Saint Francis Of Assisi College-Bacoor

Campus
 Elementary/Address Pambujan 1 Central Elementary School

Del Rosario Street, Pambujan Northern Samar
37
CLARENCE L. RAFAEL
City Address BLDG.0 Rm 309 Camp Bagong Diwa,Lower
Bicutan, Taguig City
Provincial Address N/A
E-mail Address divinagraciakevenjohnbsmt@pmms.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA:
 Date of Birth July 24, 2002

 Place of Birth Taguig City
 Age 20
 Father’ Name Rey B. Divinagracia
 Father’s Occupation PNP
 Mother’s Name Amor P. Divinagracia
 Mother’s Occupation Housewife

 Senior High School/Address SFAC- Saint francis of Assisi College- Taguig

Campus
164 Holy Family Street, Taguig, Metro Manila
 Elementary/Address Upper Bicutan Elementary School

F3Q3+,General Santos Ave, Lowe Bicutan,
Taguig, 1632 Metro Manila
38
CLARENCE L. RAFAEL
City Address 151 Ninoy Aquino Aveñue Sto Niño,
Parañaque City
Provincial Address N/A

E-mail Address RALPLOUIEJOSE01@GMAIL.COM
PERSONAL DATA:
 Date of Birth June 8, 2002

 Place of Birth Favela Manila
 Age 20
 Father’ Name Randy Jose
 Father’s Occupation Captain
 Mother’s Name Leilanie Jose
 Mother’s Occupation Teacher

 Senior High School/Address Olivarez College
 Elementary/Address Lahuerta Elementary School
39
CLARENCE L. RAFAEL
City Address Blk 65, Lot 21, Gumamela St., Mabuhay
Homes, Salawag, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
Provincial Address Cabangaran, San Quintin, Pangasinan
E-mail Address rafaelclarence@pmms.edu.ph
Contact Number 0920-xxxx-xxx
PERSONAL DATA:
 Date of Birth March 16, 1979

 Place of Birth San Quintin Pangasinan
 Age 45
 Civil Status Married
 Father’ Name Peter L. Rafael
 Father’s Occupation Bus Driver
 Mother’s Name Remedios L. Rafael

 Senior High School/Address PMMS-Senior High School

 Elementary/Address Talon Uno Elementary School

40
CLARENCE L. RAFAEL
City Address 20 K-3rd Kamuning Quezon City
Provincial Address Pambujan 1, San francisco street,
Northern Samar
E-mail Address mananguetemarsonjay@pmms.edu.ph
PERSONAL DATA:

 Age 45



41
CLARENCE L. RAFAEL
City Address Blk 65, Lot 21, Gumamela St., Mabuhay
Homes, Salawag, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
Provincial Address Cabangaran, San Quintin, Pangasinan
E-mail Address rafaelclarence@pmms.edu.ph
Contact Number 0920-xxxx-xxx
PERSONAL DATA:

 Age 45



42

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SAFETY AT SEA AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS AMONG FISHERFOLKS

IN BARANGAY TALABA 2, BACOOR, CAVITE CITY: BASIS FOR

Bantilan, Romar Mananguete, Marsan Jay

This research entitled

SAFETY AT SEA AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN

Prepared and presented by: Group 5 N-S1C2

Bantilan, Romar Mananguete, Marson Jay

CLARENCE L. RAFAEL, MAIE, MSME

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination

MAGDALENA T. CORRE, Ed.D ETHEL M. DOMINGUEZ, MAT

TEODORO II R. TIU, LlB, MAEd MAGDALENA T. CORRE, Ed.D.

The researchers, whose dedication, patience, eagerness, and sacrifices have

researchers to finish this study;

intellectual comments and suggestions towards the improvement of this study;

the gathering of necessary data for the completion of this study.

Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes

discharge of radioactive elements, industrial and agricultural effluents, man-made

to throw anywhere their garbage’s which is the government is at fault to in lucking

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Scope and Limitations

Significance of the Study

Review of Related Literature

Review of Related Studies

CHAPTER 3 METHODS AND PROCEDURE

Respondents of the Study

Statistical Treatment of Data

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Respondents’ Awareness on Safety at Sea

Respondents’ Awareness on Marine Pollution

Comparative Analysis between Respondents’ Level of Awareness

on Safety at Sea According to Categories.

Comparative Analysis between Respondents’ Levels of Awareness

on Marine Pollution According to Categories.

Letter of Request to Conduct Study

Letter to the Respondents

Data Gathering Instrument

Table LIST OF TABLES Page

4.2 The Respondents’ Frequency Distribution in Terms of Gender

4.3 Respondent’s Frequency Distribution in Terms of Educational

4.4 The Respondent’s Frequency Distribution in Terms of Training

4.5 Respondents’ Awareness on Safety at Sea

4.6 Respondents’ Awareness on Marine Pollution

4.7 Comparative Analysis between Respondents’ Level of Awareness

on Safety at Sea According to Categories.

4.8 Comparative Analysis between Respondents’ Levels of Awareness

on Marine Pollution According to Categories.

Figure LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Research Paradigm

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

automatic identification systems; navigation tools, system.

Eutrophication, Ocean mining, Radioactive waste, Effects of Electric Generating Stations

As researchers, it is necessary to solve these two maritime issues in order to

order to minimize accidents during fishing.

Background of the Study

as a whole and decreased fish harvest.

As researchers, it is our desire to recommend probable solution or method to

negligence and ignorance while working in accident-prone environment.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Type the numerical data in

4. Interpret and analyze the