Science 10

Science – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 12: EM Radiations’ Risks/Benefits and Safety
Principles
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Jessica D. Lorenzana
Editor: Jocelyn A. Prado
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(Technical): Glady O. Dela Cruz
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Layout Artist: Mark Kihm G. Lara
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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 Science 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 12
EM Radiations’ Risks/Benefits and Safety Principles
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on the EM Radiations’

Risks/Benefits and Safety Principles!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 10 Self-Learning Module on the EM Radiations’

Risks/Benefits and Safety Principles!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
In this module, you will continue studying more about the impact of
EM waves’ applications and the principles of EM radiation safety. This is made
to help you explain the effects of EM radiation on living things and the
environment. S10FE-IIe-49.

The module is about evaluating the risks and benefits derived from the
applications of EM waves and explaining the principle of EM radiation safety
and its importance in society. S10FE-IIe-49.3 and S10FE-IIe-49.4

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. evaluate the risks and benefits derived from EM waves’ applications;
2. explain the principle of EM radiation safety; and
3. realize the importance of the principle of EM radiation safety in
society.

PRETEST
Write the letter of the correct answer on a sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following correctly explains the possible risks/benefits of
EM radiation?
A. EM radiations cannot kill insects and bacteria.
B. EM radiations can improve crop production.
C. EM radiations make the food radioactive.
D. EM radiations are always harmless.

2. How do we benefit from food irradiation?

I. Food irradiated is sterilized.
II. Food irradiated can be preserved.
III. Food irradiated becomes radioactive.
IV. Bacteria and other harmful microorganisms are eliminated
in food irradiation.
A. I only C. I, II, and III
B. II only D. I, II and IV

3. Which of the following is NOT a principle of EM radiation safety?

A. Apply proper shielding to prevent radiation exposure.
B. Increase the distance from the source of radiation.
C. Use any material for protection.
D. Decrease the exposure time.
 4. Why are principles of EM radiation safety important?
A. To completely avoid the radiation exposure.
B. To increase the benefits derived from radiation exposure.
C. To reduce or lessen the negative impact of radiation exposure.
D. None of the above

5. In which of the following situations must the safety principles of EM

radiation be applied?
A. Eating food irradiated
B. Harvesting crops
C. Using cell phone
D. All of the above

RECAP
As mentioned in your previous lesson, EM waves’ applications can have
positive or negative effects on us and in the environment. Can you still
remember them? Let’s have a simple activity entitled “What Am I?” to refresh
your mind.

Directions: Arrange the scrambled letters to identify what effect of EM wave’s

application is described in each sentence. Write your answer on a sheet of
paper.

1. I am the effect of being overexposed to medical applications using

gamma rays. NTOIUMAT - _____________________

2. I am the effect of using applications involving radio waves and

microwaves. DEVORPMI LETEMOCMUATCSIONIN -
____________________________

3. I am the effect of being overexposed to UV rays in sunlight. NISK

CRANEC - ______________________

4. You can’t see me but you can feel me because I am the effect of infrared
rays. TEAHIGN FECTFE - _______________________

5. I am the effect of being overexposed to x-rays. RANCEC- ____________

It’s nice to know that you can still remember some of the possible effects
of EM waves’ applications.
 LESSON
To continue the lesson yesterday about the effects of EM waves’
applications, let’s have some more examples and study the risks/ benefits
derived from these applications.

Table 1: EM Waves’ Applications, Uses, Benefits and Risks.

Application Uses/benefits Risk/s

Food It is used to kill the bacteria and Accidental

irradiation other harmful microorganisms contamination with
without making the food gamma rays can harm
radioactive and changing its living organisms and
texture and taste. It prolongs the cause cancer and
shelf-life of food and reduces mutation.
food spoilage after harvest.

Mutation It is used in producing new

plant varieties of crops that are more
breeding resilient in pests and bad weather
conditions, thus increasing the
crops and income generation.

Sterile insect It is used to irradiate insects,

technology therefore there will be a reduction
of insects’ population that infest
crops and cause diseases.

Radiography It is used in imaging internal Overexposure to x-rays

structures of the body.Early can damage tissues
detection of different diseases and cause cancer.
and abnormalities become
possible which might help
prevent illness and worsening of
health condition.

UV light It is used to activate the Overexposure to UV

production of vitamin D in our rays can cause eye
skin; water sterilization; detect problems; can damage
forged banknotes and prevent the skin or cause sun
counterfeits. burn and skin cancer.
Infrared It is used in treating different Overexposure to
therapy health conditions such as infrared or heat rays
muscle pain, arthritis, etc. may cause thermal or
Serves as supplementary heat injuries.
medical treatment.

GPS or Global It is a tracking system which uses Exposure to

Positioning microwave signals. It is used to
System locate anything anywhere in the
world. It’s best applied in military
navigations, etc.
microwaves used in
GPS has no definite
risk/hazard, but the
application of it may
have privacy issues.

MRI or It uses strong magnetic field and Exposure to radio

Magnetic radio frequency waves to
Resonance diagnose different diseases and
Imaging abnormalities in our body
through imaging technique. It is
safer than x-ray or CT scan
because it does not involve
ionizing radiation.
waves have no definite
risk/hazard but the
strong magnetic field
used can attract
magnetic materials.
Thus, patients with
metallic implants may
not be safely scanned.

To protect yourselves from the risks/ hazards you might get from these
EM radiations, you have to know and apply the principles of EM radiation
safety. These are:

1. Time. Decrease the time of exposure to EM radiation.

2. Distance. Increase the distance from the source of radiation. ISL or

Inverse Square Law can also be applied to reduce radiation
exposure. That means, when you double your distance from the
source of radiation, the radiation exposure or intensity is reduced 4
times.

3. Shielding. Use proper shielding. Denser objects are capable of

reducing or blocking different kinds of radiations.

Remember, EM radiations are not always harmful, neither safe. But all
are useful at correct amounts. It is only a matter of understanding and
weighing the possible risks and benefits derived from their applications and
applying the principles of EM radiation safety.

Now, you will be doing the following activities that would enhance your
insights about EM radiations’ risks and benefits, and the safety principles.
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Risks and Benefits of EM Waves’ Applications

Objective:
Evaluate the risks and benefits derived from the applications of EM
waves.

Materials:
Pen and paper

Procedure:
1. Read and understand each statement below about EM radiation then
evaluate whether it indicates a risk or a benefit.

Directions: Write R if it indicates a risk and B if it is a benefit. Write your

answer on a sheet of paper.

_____ 1. EM radiation can kill bacteria and other microorganisms.

_____ 2. EM radiation can treat diseases.

_____ 3. EM radiation can help produce new varieties of crops.

_____ 4. EM radiation can help prolong the shelf life of food.

_____ 5. EM radiation can damage healthy cells.

Closure:

What do you think is the importance of evaluating the risks and

benefits derived from EM waves’ applications?
__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2: Sources of EM Radiation at Home!
Objectives:
1. List sources of EM radiation.
2. Identify the risks/hazards of overexposure to EM radiation.

Materials:
Pen and paper

Procedure:
1. Name at least 3 sources of EM radiation found at home.

2. Give their possible risks/hazards.

3. Write your answers on sheet of paper.

Source of EM radiation Risk/Hazard

1.

2.

3.

Closure:
Why do you think EM radiation’s applications pose dangers/risks
towards us or the environment? ____________________________________________

Activity 3: Principles of EM Radiation Safety!

Objectives:
1. Explain the principle of EM radiation safety.
2. Realize the importance of applying the principles of EM radiation
safety.

Materials:
Pencil, crayons and paper
Procedure:

1. Choose one from your listed sources of EM radiation in your Activity 2.

2. Draw it on a separate sheet of paper.
Closure:

1. How would you apply the safety principles of EM radiation in using the
technology you chose? ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Why do you think it’s important to apply the principles of EM radiation
safety? _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Give at least 2 instances where you think the principles of EM radiation
safety must be applied. _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

WRAP-UP
To summarize what you have learned, complete the table below
by giving at least three examples of risks and benefits derived from using
EM waves’ applications and enumerate the three principles of EM radiation
safety.

Risks Benefits EM Radiation Safety

Principles
1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.
 VALUING
The safest thing to do during this pandemic is to simply stay at
home. In that way, you’re helping our fellowmen, and at the same time, you’re
protecting yourself and your family. But how do you communicate with your
friends? How do you express your love and concern for your loved ones from
other places?
Here’s where the beneficial effects of one of the EM
waves’ applications come in. I’m pretty sure that
you’re very familiar with this application, the use of
cellular phones and other gadgets which I think are
the busiest things now in the world. For example, in
the new normal system of education, suggested
learning modalities involve EM waves’ applications.
Cell phones, tablets, laptops, etc. to be used in online learning involve radio
waves and microwaves. TV and radio broadcasting that use radio waves will
also be used as a learning platform. Thus, distance learning becomes
possible through the help of EM waves’ applications.
Remember, though EM radiations involved in using cell phones and
other gadgets carry lower energy level and are non-ionizing, safety principles
must still be applied or observed. It is better to take safety measures until
concrete study tells us that there’s no risk/hazard involved in using these
applications.
Here are some of the suggestions on cell phone use:
• Exposure time must be limited. After all, we usually say that these
gadgets are for important purposes only.
• Keep them away from your body or observe enough distancing.
• Anti-radiation eyeglasses may also be an option for eye protection.
• Be informed about recent studies regarding their effects on us.
 POSTTEST

Write on a sheet of paper the word TRUE if the statement is correct

and FALSE if it is wrong.
______1. Food irradiation uses gamma rays that make the food
radioactive.
______2. X-rays used in medical imaging can cause cancer.
______3. Decreasing the distance from the source of radiation is one of
EM radiation’s safety principles.
______4. Applying the principles of EM radiation safety could help us
protect ourselves from radiation exposure.
______5. Safety principles of EM radiation must also be applied in using
cell phones.

KEY TO CORRECTION

PRETEST RECAP POSTTEST

1. B 1. mutation 1. False
2. D 2. improved 2. True
3. C telecommunications 3. False
4. C 3. skin cancer 4. True
5. C 4. heating effect 5. True
5. cancer
WRAP-UP
Risks Benefits EM Radiation Safety
Principles
Answers may vary. Answers may vary. 1. Limiting
exposure time
2. Increasing the
distance
3. Use proper
shielding
 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3
1. B Answers may Answer:
2. B vary. 1. Answers may vary.
3. B
4. B 2. It is important to apply
5. R Answer to the principles of EM
Closure: radiation safety for us
Answer to Closure: to protect ourselves
Answers may vary. EM radiations and the environment
Example: applications from the possible
Evaluating the pose risks/hazards of EM
risks/benefits dangers/risks radiations, especially
derived from EM because EM the ionizing radiation.
waves’ applications waves involved
is very important to carry 3. Answers may vary.
prevent being energy/energies
harmed /for safety that might harm
precautions. us and the
environment.

References
Books
• UP-NISMED Group. 2004. Physics Textbook. p. 110
• UP-NISMED Group. Lesson Plans in Science IV. Bureau of Secondary
Education Department of Education Ed (2003). p. 219
• Angelina A. Silverio. 2007. Exploring Life through Science Physics. pp.
328, 378, 509-510
• Valdoz, Melliza P. et.al. 2017. Science Links 10. pp. 109-114
• Badilla, Alfie T. et.al. 2009. Skill_booster.com Physics. p.96

Electronic Sources
• Food irradiation. Retrieved from
http://www.pnri.dost.gov.ph/images/publications/FoodAndAgri/Irra
diation-for-Food-Safety-and-Quality.pdf
• Health Risks and Benefits of Infrared therapy. Retrieved from
https://www.news-medical.net/health/Infrared-Therapy-Health-
Benefits-and-Risks.aspx
• Risks and benefits of x-rays. Retrieved from
https://www.radiology.ie/images/uploads/2012/01/X-Rays-Benefits-
and-Risks.pdf
• Medical X-ray imaging Risks and Benefits. Retrieved from
https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-
imaging/medical-x-ray-imaging#benefitsrisks