2 Basketball
HISTORY OF BASKETBALL Many amendments were made in the rules of the
Basketball is an athletic sport. It is extremely popular
all around the wrorld. It is usually played in an
indoor court. In 1891, it was invented by Dr. James
Naismith, when he was a physical education teacher
at Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts,
USA. In this game, the players are allowed to move
freely around the court and take any position through
which they can score goals.
The first official game of basketball was played
in December, 1891 at Springfield College. In the
beginning, the basketball was played in a gymnasium
with 40 to 50 players in a team. Two peach baskets
were nailed on the walls facing each other to serve
as goals for both teams. Both teams tried to score the
goals by throwing the balls into the opponent's basket.
However, each time a goal was scored, the ball had
to be brought down with the help of a ladder. These
types of baskets remained in use for many years till
the use of rings came into being. Dr. Smith framed 13
rules for the game which included how and how long
the ball should be held in hands, from where it should
be thrown, the types of fouls, how a goal should be
scored, etc.
T coNTRY
Bryn
basketball from 1895 to 1900 to make it casier. A
ring covered with nets from all sides and open at
the bottom started to be uscd in place of the pitch
basket so that the ball could pass easily through
the ring instead of hanging inside. At the 1904
St. Louis Summer Olympics, basketball was played
as a demonstration sport. Men's basketball became
a tournament event at the 1936 Berlin Games,
whereas women's basketball was conducted at the
1976 Montreal Games. The International Basketball!
Federation (FIBA), the governingbody of the basketbali
was formed in 1932 in Geneva by eight countries,
viz
Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Portugal,
Argentina, Italy, Greece and Latvia.
In India, basketball was introduced by the YMCA
College of Physical Education, Chennai, in 1930. The
Basketball Federation of India was formed in 1950. It
is the governing body of this game in India and all
other state associations are affiliated to it. The Indian
National Basketball team is known as the Young
Cagers. The first Indian National Championship for
Men was held in 1934 in Delhi.
Basketball is an athletic game
 RULES OF THE BASKETBALL
2 mitun-off Throw ii Sideline
1. The referee starts the
8.325 m game by tossing the ball
a90m Sideline up between the opposite
teams, who face each other
3.6 m at the centre circle of the
1.575
6.75 m playing arc.
2. The playerwho gets the
Centre
Circle
ball may pass, throw, tap,
roll or dribble the ball in
any direction, subject to
Two point the official rules. The target
field goal area
Three point feld goal area
of the game is to throw the
ball through the opponent's
Sideline
015 m
basket for scoring a goal.
Team bench area Team bench area 3. The basketball is played
by two teams of 5 players
Team bench Scorer'stable Team bench each. Each team attempts
to score by shooting at
Layout of basketball court
ball through the hoop
that is positioned 10 feet above
BASKETBALL AT A GLANCE the ground. Each team is provided a basket or goal
to defend. It means that the basket at the other
Nowadays. leather balls are used in basketball
end is their scoring basket. The team that holds the
competitions. The circumference of the balls remains 75
ball is called the offence and the team without the
cm to 78 cm (for men) and 72 cm to 74 cm (for women).
ball is called the defence. The defenders attempt to
Weight of the ball = 600 g to 650 g (for men) and
hinder passes, steal the ball and prevent shots.
550 g to 590 g (for women).
4. The basketball court remains divided into two
Size of the basketball court 28 mx 15 m sections by the central line or mid-court line.
Radius of the central circie = 1.80 m When the offensive team puts the ball into the
Breadth of boundary lines = 5 cm play behind the mid-line, it should take 10
seconds to carry the ball over the mid-line. When
Backboard's Thickness 3 cm
it does not, then the defensive side gets the ball.
Duration of the basketball game = Four durations of 10
Once the offensive team gets the possession of
minutes each.
ball over the mid-line, it can no longer hold the
Intervals between two durations (10 2- 10 ball in the area at the back of the line. When
= -

10
10-2-10) minutes it does so, the defence is awarded the ball.
Number of teams = 2 5. A goal shall be made, when the ball is thrown or
Number batted from the ground into the basket from above
of courtplayers in a team =
5
the ring and stays there, provided those defending
Number of substitutes in a team 7
Total number of players in a team 12 =

Height of the lower edge of board from floor =

2.90 m
Officials =5 (1 Referee, 1 Umpire, 1
-

1 Scorer, 1 24 second
-

Timekeeper,
-

clock operator)
Above-mentioned specifications are
FIBA regulations and these are usedaccording
to the
in international
games. These can be different for NBA and other
country leagues that include the size of the court.
A goal from above the ring

Physical Education Practical Manual-XII MARY

 thegoal du not touchor disturb the goal. It the ball
When two playens of oppomite teams commit
rent on the elges, and the oppoent moves the
nlact fouln againnt eauh other simultaneously, it
banket, it shall count an a goal.
in a 'double
o.When the ball goe» out of bound, it shalI be foul'.
thrown into the field and played atter tirst + I the delence is prevented from defending by
person
touchng it pushing him/her down through personal contac
etc, it is foul called
7. Free throwa On o jvint earlh aud awardod to a
'charging
A team aN 1r the rules on the numbwr and I a player remains in the opponent's court for
type of
tuls Pouling a shoter always resulta in two or more than 3 seconds without ball, it is a violation
thre tre throws given to thoe shooter. lt depend of 3 seconds rule'
upm where tlhe player was when he/she shot the Besides these, illegal screening, holding, double
ball. he/she was beyond the
It
three-point line, dribble, etc., other forms of
then he/she gets three shots.
are some
fouls.
BASIC SKILLS OF BASKETBALL
l t a team scores a goal, it is awarded two
points +Handling the Ball: In this, the player controls the
and the ball is passed to the other team.
During ball by skillfully dribbling and
interval, the teams change sicdes of the baskets. The accurately passing
it to the teammate. It is considered
8ame starts with one player treom each team facing an effective
each other at the centre circle. A reteree tosses skill of the game.
the
ball up between the two. The +Dribbling: Dribbling is known as the control of
player who gets his/
her hand on the ball tirst will the ball, bouncing it on the floor with one hand
tip it to a teammate.
It is known the
tip off. Three timeouts can be
as using fingertips instead of palm. There are two
provided during the second half of the ganme to types of dribbles. These are mentioned below:
each teanm, but in the first half
only two timeouts (a) High Dribble: High dribble is often used in an
can be given to each team.
open court as the player is not heavily guarded
The last play of 2
minutes before the end of the there. Since the player does not have to
protect
game should be played seriously. It should not be the ball much, he/she finds a good
to pass time as it decides the dribble the ball faster and maintain some distance.
opportunity to
victory or defeat.
10. Any player can have the ball in play and all the (b) Low Dribble: A low dribble is known as the low
players can occupy any part of the playing area. bouncing of ball on the floor. This ensures the
11. The umpire shall be the judge of the players. He safety of the ball, since the space used for it is
shall note the fouls and limited. The opposite player does not find
notify the referee when to for
space
three consecutive fouls have been made. He shall attempt a
penetration.
have the power to
disqualify players +P'assing: It is an attempt to include other
as
per the
rules. teammates, and not merely perform
something,
when teammates don't have a shot. At the time
FOULS AND VIOLATIONSs IN BASKETBALL ofpassing, the passer looks at the receiver in such
ome common infractions or violations of rules take a way that the
opposing team does not notice it.
place while the ball is in play. This results in the There are two types of passes:
change of possession of ball or award of free throws. (a) Air Pass: When the pass travels between
Some of these are as players
following: without hitting the floor.
When a player gains control of a live ball on the (b) Bounce P'ass: When the pass is thrown to the
playing court and his/her team does not attempt
a shot for a Passing the ball
field goal within 24 seconds, it is a
violation of the rule called the 24 seconds violation.
When a
player gains control of a live ball in his/
her backcourt and his/her team does not cause the
ball to go into its front court
within 8 seconds, it is
a violation of the rule called '8 seconds violation'.
*When player makes an illegal body contact
a
with
the
opposition player, it is a 'personal foul.

MDE
 TBHTING
Pivoting
floor so that it bounces and reaches the intended
receiver.
There are also some other types of passes, like overhead
pass, underhand pass, chest pass or push pass, hook
pass, flip pass, tip or volley pass, back pass and two-
handed bounce pass.
Pivoting: Pivoting means turning the body to
either side by using one leg, as a support. In this,
one foot is fixed on the floor and the other foot is
moved in any direction. During this movement,
the ball should be kept close to the chest. It is
deemed as one of the most effective technique to
deal with an opponent.
Dodge: Dodging may be done with singles or
by speed or escape. It is an act of deceiving the
opposite player by faking a throw or by moving
in one direction, but actually moving in another
direction.
Shooting: The act of throwing the basketball inside
the rim to score points is called shooting. There are
different techniques of shooting like jump shot,
lay-up shot, hook shot, two-hand shot, etc.
Rebounding: A player is awarded a rebound
when he/she gets the possession of the ball after
a missed goal due to bouncing of ball from the rim
or backboard.
+Defence: Defence is known as the team that
remains without the ball and tries to stop the other
team from shooting and scoring by stealing the
ball or passes of the offence.
Free Throw: An
unopposed attempt to
points is known as a free throw. The attempt is
made from a restricted area on the court.
+Offensive
Strategy: It is a
technique used by
Physical Education Practical Manual-XII
Free throw
the offensive team on the court.
Faking, zonal
attack, triangular attack, screening, etc., are a few
examples of offensive strategy.
Defensive Attack: An attack that is used by the
defensive team. It includes guarding, man to man
defence, blocking, tackling, zonal defence and so on.
Holding the Ball: It is known as the first step. It
is used for throwing, shooting, accurate passing
and dribbling the bal. While holding the ball, it
should be ensured that the ball is held with the
fingers and not the palm. Keep the hands loose,
but the grip should be firm. A player cannot hold
the ball for more than 5 seconds if the defender
is around.
+Chest Pass: The ball should be held at chestlevel
to do a chest pass accurately. The knees should be
slightly bent and the body weight should be on
the heels of both feet. The ball should be passed by
extending the arms completely. The legs should
also be extended at this time.
+Bounce Pass: In a bounce pass, the ball is held,
the body is positioned and the passing actions are
the same as in a chest pass. Using one hand, the
ball should be thrown in such a way that the ball
should bounce and reach the level of the chest or
the receiver.
Baseball Pass: This technique is used in senang
long passes. To use this pass correctly, takett
ball next to the left or right side, just behind tne
head. The ball should be held with a
supporto
upper portion of the palm and fingers. One foot
score should be kept in front of the other and the Dal
should be thrown with a swing using Oy ly the
fingers.
TERMINOLOGY
Air Ball: A shot that completely misses the rim and the
possession of the ball. In this position, the referee
backboard. will intervene and toss the ball in the air. (ii) When
Assist: A pass to a teammate who scores a fieid goal. a player holds the ball deliberately and does not put
Blocking: Impeding the progress of it into the play.
an opponent by
extending one or both arms horizontally or getting Jump Bal: In jump start, the referee tosses the ball in
path of a moving player.
in the the air between opposing players to start or restart
Defence:A team that tries to stop offence from scoring. the game, as per the rules.

Dunk: To throw the ball down into the basket with the
hand above the level of rim.
Fast Break: Dribbling or passing the ball towards the
basket before the defence can set up.
Held Bal: It is done in two situations-i) When
players
from the opponent team have their hands placed
firmly on the ball. No body is able to get the
Multiple Foul: When more than one player of the same
team do a foul to a single player of the opponent
team at the same time, it is known as the multiple
foul.
Personal Contact: It is known as the offensive foul. It
usually happens when a player is pushed, charged,
held or hindered by an opponent player. It results
in a change in possession of the ball.

IMPORTANT FIBA Asia Cup, FIBA World Cup, Euroleague, Olympic Games, FIBA AmeriCup, Federation
TOURNAMENTS Cup (India), FIBA 3x3 World Cup
IMPORTANT INDIA: Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium
(Rajasthan), Hawla Indoor Stadium (Mizoram),
VENUEs Campal Indoor Complex (Goa), Deccan Gymkhana Ground (Maharashtra)
INTERNATIONAL: Philippine Arena (Philippines). Carrier Dome (USA), Stark Arena (Serbia).
Rupp Arena (United States), Scotiabank Arena (Canada)

KINTERNATIONAL Michael Jordon (USA), Lauren Jackson (Australia), Fernando Martin (Spain), Yolanda Griffith
PERSONALITIES (USA), Carlos Delfino (Argentina)
INDIAN
SPORTS AWARDS
Arjuna Award Winners
1961 Sarbjit Singh 1980 Om Prakash

1967 1981 Ajmer Singh

Khushi Ram
1982 Radhey Shyam, Ms Suman Sharma
1968 Gurdial Singh
1999 Sajan Singh Cheema
1969 Hari Dutt
2001 Parminder Singh
1970 Gulam Abbas Moontasir
2014 Ms. Geethu Anna Jose
1971 Man Mohan Singh
2017 Ms. Prashanti Singh
1973 Surender Kumar Kataria 2020 Vishesh Bhirguvanshi
1974 Anil Kumar Punj
Dhyan Chand Award VWinners
1975 Hanuman Singh 2002 Ms Aparna Ghosh
1978 T Vijayaraghawan
2003 Ram Kumar

Basketbal
 2 Football
HISTORY OF FOOTBALL The first football club of the world 'Sheffield
Footbali
Football is a team game. It is extremely popular al Club' was founded in England in
1857. 1848,
In
over the word. Federation of International Football football was introduced in India by the Britishers.
The
first football club in India was 'Dalhousie
Association (FIFA) is the apex institution of football. Club'. India
It was formed by seven countries on May 12, 1904. took part in the World Olympic Football
in 1948 in London. Football became a
Competition
The headquarters of FlFA is in Zurich (Switzerland). part of the First
It organises FIFA World Cup every four years, so Asian Games which occurred in New Delhi in
1951
people throughout the world await it eagerly. In 1908, India won a gold medal in this game and
repeated the
football was included in the Olympic Games officially. same in the Asian Games of 1962. In 1937, the All India

The first World Cup was organised at Montevideo Football Federation (AIFF) was founded as the official
(Uruguay) in 1930. governing body of the game in India. This association
organises the National Football Championship. The
Football is a game which is played between two
trophy that was awarded in this competition was
teams. The offensive team tries to kick the ball in the
known as the Santosh Trophy. A few other important
opponent's goal and the defensive team tries to stop it.
tournaments organised to promote this game in India
A goal happens when the ball passes over a goal ine.
are the Federation Cup, the National Football
Modern Football started during the 19th century in the League,
the Rovers Cup (Mumbai), the Durand Cup (Delhi),
public schools of England. They had codified the rules
IFA Shield (Kolkata) and the Indian Super Cup. In
for playing the game. But the current form of game
1888, the Durand Cup tournament, the oldest football
was played in China during the rule of Han dynasty in
tournament of India was started. It is also known as
the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE. Evidences of this game
the second order tournament of the world. India hosted
have also been found in ancient Greece, Japan and
the FIFA U-17 world cup in 2017 and also took part in
Rome. It has been found that the American Natives,
a FIFA organised international tournament. Recently,
Inuit of Greenland and Maori of New Zealand also
the Hero Indian Super League has been startedin
Ioved to play the same type of sports.
which the teams are owned by leading celebrities and
industrialists in India with
Football is extremely popular all over the world.
the objective of promoting
the football.
Pele, Maradona, Ronaldo,
Zidane, David Beckham
and Lionel Messi are the
football
most popular
players of the world.
Chuni
P.K. Banerjee,
Goswamy, Inder Singh,
10 Bhaichung Bhutia, Sunil

Chhetri, etc., are the most

ot the
12 renowned players
Indian football team
 FHalf way lin Periatyar9a
vard bor

Centte tircle

11m Gentre spot Penaty po

9 1 5 m

Layout of the football court

FOOTBALLAT A GLANCE
team. Number of players that can be substituted in

Circumference of football 27 to 28 inch (68 to 70

one matchequals 3.
cm)
Football's weight 14 to 16 ounces (410 to 450 g) 2. The match starts with a
kick-off. It is decided by
a coin toss from the
Dimensions of footbal playfield= 90 to 120 (length) m
referee. The team that wins
the toss can choose to start or decides
and 45 to 90 m
(breadth) which side
Goal post's height = 2.44 m they are going to attack. When there is a goal, the
Corner flag's height =1.50 m opponent team kicks-off to restart the
play.
3 Football becomes out of play when it crosses the
Number of players in each team 18 =
11 + 7 (extra
players) goal line on the ground or in the air. The referee
stops the play for other reasons also. When the ball
For the team of FIFA World Cup 2014 = 23 11 + strikes the goal post or the referee, it still
12 (extra players) remains
in play.
Players that can be substituted in a match = 3 4 A football match is
Duration of played in 2 halves-each of
football match= 2 halves of 45 minutes 45 minutes. A 15 minute interval is
allowed in
each
between them. A goal is scored when the ball
Size of playfield in international matches = (110 m x passes completely over the goal line, in between
75 mor 120 yards x 82 yards) maximum and (100 m x the goals posts, on the ground, in the air and under
64 m or 109.36 yards x 70 yards) minimum the cross net. The team that scores more
Officials
goals than
in a match = 4 (2 linesman, 1 table official, 1
the other is called the winner
referee 5. The goalkeeper defends the goal
post. Hle prevents
the football to cross the goal line at the time of
RULES OF THE penalty kick, etc. He holds or handles the ball
FOOTBALL
Two
teams play in football match. Each team has
a
deliberately without any delay to stop the ball
18
players including the goalkeeper. 11 proceeding towards goal line or goal posts.
play on the field and 7 extra players 6 When tie occurs, two halves of 15 minutes are
a
players are there in the given after the end of the match. When the tie

Football
 kicker may score a goal at the initial contact. It can
does not break after the given extra time, penalty
be shot directly to the goal post of opponent In
kicks are awarded to each side, which decides the
an indirect free kick, on the other hand, the balI
winner. If the tie is still not broken, sudden death
cannot be put directly into the goal post, unless it
comes into In sudden death, each team is
play. has been touched or played by a player other than
given a further one penalty kick and it repeats till
goal. The team that scores a goal the kicker
a team scores

is declared the winner.

FOULS AND PENALTIES IN FOOTBALL

+Corner Kick: A corner kick is awarded to the
team plays
attacking team when the defending
c o m e s into play when
beyond its own goal line. It
can be
the ball is kept near the corner area. A goal
team.
directly kicked back by the attacking A

Free kick

Throw-in: A throw-in is awarded when the ball

ala Oota over the touch or side line.
The linesman
deete passes
signals a throw-in, the
throw-in. At the time of a

feet
thrower must face the field of play and his
the
should be on the line or on the ground outside
field of play.

Corner kick

+ Penalty Kick: A penalty kick is awarded when TON

a foul is done by a player in his own penalty RnTTO

area. All other players should remain outside the

penalty area (except the goalkeeper). The player
taking the kick should be outside the penalty area,
at least 30 feet away from the penalty spots, but he
should remain within the playground.

Throw-in
reteree
+Direct Kick: A direct kick is given by the
when a player tries to kick an opponent. He pushes
or tries to strike an opponent to get possession o
the ball quickly. He may also hold, kick
or spit on
an opponent to get the ball for strike.

Penalty kick
+Free Kick: A free kick can be
direct or indirect. A
direct free kick refers to the kick
from which the
Direct kick

Physical Education Practical Manual-XII

 be kicked. After taking a
few steps, the ball comes
in contact with the inside
or the upper part of the
kicking foot where shoe
laces are tied. At this
ADRIEN time, the body should
be slighty inclined in
the forward position. At
the moment of kicking,
A referee showing yellow card the head should be
above the ball and the
Yellow Card: A yellow card is shown to warn
eyes, knees and the ball Instep kick
a footballer of misbehaviour that is after an
should be in a straight line.
aggressive or a non-deliberate violent act. When
a footballer receives two yellow cards in the +Outstep Kick: To execute the outstep kick, the
same match, he is dismissed from
outside of the upper part of the toe should be
playing in the used. A slight twist of the foot to the left or
playfield right
is required before
Red Card: A footballer, who is awarded a red card kickingthe ball. Rest of the
technique is similar to the instep kick. Outstep
is instantly sent-off the
playfield and is forbidden kick is usually employed while doing short passes.
to play for the remaining match. He is also handed
a
suspension letter applicable from the next game.
A player who receives a
yellow card twice gets the
red card
automatically. He is dismissed from the
play and the team has to play with one player less.

A
BASIC SKILLS OF FOOTBALL
The game of
Red card

football includes a lot of basic skills. The

Short Passes: Short
Outstep kick
passes are played between
players who remain close to each other. They use
instep and outstep kicks to employ short passes.
These passes do not
produce much force but can
be done
applications of these skills are
very important for
quickly and
accurately.
winning a football
match. Kicking skills include high Trapping: Trapping is done in
many ways. Solee
kick, low kick, trapping is done with the help of the sole of the foot.
instep kick, outstep kick, etc. Passing
Skills consist of It is performed with the toe
through passes, short passes and 1Ong pointing upwards. It
passes. Traps can be
performed in the form of head allows the ball to wedge itself under the
shoe. The
rap, chest trap, foot should be lifted 3-4 inches above the
thigh trap, inside foot front ground
step trap, outside step trap, etc. Ball control,trap, and the sole of the foot should be used to
aribbling and other skills are also used in tackling incoming ball.
stop the
game of football. handling the
Some of these are described Heading: Heading can be performed by using
Instep Kick: Instep kick is executed below the forehead to propel the ball. The ball
can be
by using the
quadriceps muscles of the thighs. With a relaxed
taken in possession by jumping or
diving forward.
torward swing of the Before heading the ball, its flight should be taken
kicking leg, the ball should

Football
 into the air
into account. player should jump
The
when
backward from the waist,
and bend his body the ball
him. He should
strike
comes near
the ball should
head. His neck
with a forward swing of his
kind of neck injury.
remain stiff to prevent any
execute proper dribbling, a player
Dribbling: To direct the
strokes of his feet to
should use light
inside o r
direction. He may u s e
ball in the desired be done
control the ball. It can
outside of his feet to from o n e
ball c a n be changed
with one foot, or the his
should use inside of
foot to another. A player of
Dribbling
the ball with front part
foot. He should tap
a n eye on
the ball and these obstacles
remain untouched.
this foot. He should keep such a way that
allowed to go far away
from his considered a famous dribbling star
it should not be Johan Cruyff is used in
should not u s e hard the term 'Cruyff turn'is
While dribbling playera after whose name

legs. some

strokes. It should
be practised by placing playing football.
the ball in
line and dribbling
obstacles in a straight

half
RTERMINOLOGY Kick-off: A kick of the ball
into the opponent's
dropping the field in the
has to restart a game by in the centre of
Ball: A referee when it is placed of play.
Drop has been stopped It marks the beginning
is done when the game
the ball. It stationary position.
reasons. with a kick-off.
him due to certain
commences

by A game
forward using lifting one
refers to moving
the ball
It is made by jumping in air,
Dribbling: It Scissors Kick:
foot.
with the other
light strokes. foot and kicking the ball
which the kicker may of side line. A
throw-in
The kick from name
Direct Free Kick: It is another
Touch Line: line during
touch
s c o r e at the
initial c o n t a c t . ball c r o s s e s the
is given when the
carries the ball with
Hand-Ball: When a player strikes or
the play.
hand ball or handling is used for
known as
or arm. It is technique that
Tackle: Tackle refers to
hand a

the ball. away from

the opponent.
control of taking the ball
is not under the ball into play
with
Loose-Ball: The ball which of throwing the
Throw-in: The act has
player during the play. head after it
any
both hands and from above the
the ball into the
air.
Loft: The kicking of crossed one of the touch lines.
into the goal
the ball high, usually
Lob: The kicking of
mouth.
Cup, FIFA Women's
Asian Cup, FIFA World
IFA Shield, AFC
I-League, Indian Super Cup, Games
IMPORTANT
Confederations Cup, Olympic
TOURNAMENTS World Cup, FIFA Sat
Jawaharlal Nehru
Stadium (Kochi).
Stadium (New Delhi), Complex
INDIA: Jawaharlal Nehru
IMPORTANT Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
(Chennai), JRD Tata Sports
Lake Stadium (Kolkata),
VENUES Wamshedpur), Greenfield Stadium
(Thiruvananthapuram)
de Janeiro, Brazu
The Maracana (Rio
Camp Nou (Barcelona, Spain),
Germany), San Siro (Milan,Italy
INTERNATIONAL:
Allianz Arena (Munich,
Estadio Azteca (Mexico City. Mexico), Olympiastadio
Old Trafford (Manchester, England).
Wembley Stadium (London, England).
(Berlin, Germany)
Paolo Maldini (italy). Fran
David Beckham (England), Christiano Ronaldo (Portugal,
ERNATIONAL Netheriands), Diego Maradona(Arge
ERSONALITIES Beckenbauer (West Germany), Johan Cruyff (The Zinedine Zidane (France
Pelé (Brazil), Lionel Messi (Argentina), Ferenc Puskás (Hungary),
Garincha (Brazil). George Best (England)
Phiucic-
INDIAN
SPORTS AWARDS
Arjuna Award Winners
1989 Subrata Bhattacharya
1961 PKBanerjee 1997 Brahmanand Sankhwalkar
1962 Tulsidas Balaram 1998 Bhaichung Bhutia
1963 Subimal (Chuni) Goswami 2002 Bruno Coutinho
1964 Jarnail Singh 2003 IM Vijayan
1965 Arun Lal Ghosh 2010 Deepak Kumar Mondal
1966 Yusuf Khan 2011 Sunil Chhetri
1967 Peter Thangaraj 2016 Subrata Paul
1969 Inder Singh 2017 Oinam Bembem Devi
1970 Syed Naeemuddin 2019 Gurpreet Singh Sandhu
1971 Chander Sekhar Prasad Singh 2020 Sandesh Jhingan
1973 Magan Singh Rajvi Dhyan Chand Award Winners
1978-79 Gurdev Singh Gill 2011 Shabbir Ali
1979-80 Prasun Banerjee 2017 Syed Shahid Hakim
1980-81 Mohammed Habib 2020 Sukhvinder Singh Sandhu
1981 Sudhir Karmakar Dronacharya Award Winners
1983 Shanti Mulick 1990 Syed Naeemuddin

Summary
 3 Kabaddi
takes breath before returning to his side or if any side
a
HISTORY OF KABADDIi
of his/her body touches the boundary line, he/she is
Kabaddi is an outdoor game. It does not require any The
out. And, thus, the defending team earns point.
a

equipment like many other games. It is purely a n team that earns the maximum points within the given
teams with
Indian game. It is played between two time is declared the winner.
seven players in each team.
One player from each side
Modern kabaddi is a types of
mixture of different
enters into
chants "kabaddi, kabaddi, kabaddi" and similar games played in India. Amar, Sanjeevani,
the opposition area and tries his best to touch or tag of
Gaminee and Punjabi are other popular styles
one player of the oPposition
team. The word Indoor
at least kabaddi. Beach kabaddi, Circle style kabaddi,
kabaddi' is chanted in single breath. The opposite in other parts of India,
kabaddi, etc., are also played
this player in their best in these games are
team players try to catch recreationally. The rules that apply
almost similar to that of kabaddi.
possible ways.
Bangladesh and it is version of
thought opines that kabaddi is
a
Kabaddi is the national game of A school of
Evidences of this game ancient w a r strategy
played in various parts of India. chakravyuha. It is described as an
found in the histories of ancient India, ancient and defensive technique that was used in
Mahabharata.
a r e also
Kabaddi is known in the 20th
Iran and Southern Afghanistan. India made it more popular internationally
by different n a m e s in
India like Hu-tu-tu in western
century. In 1920s, the first organised sport competition
and Bangladesh, international debut took place
India, Hu-do-do in eastern India w a s held in India. Its

Chedugudu in southern India and Kaun-Bada in in 1936 Berlin Olympics, which w a s demonstrated by
is derived from the Amravati,
northern India. The word Kabaddi Hanuman Vyayam Prasarak Mandal from
m e a n s 'gripping hands'. at 1951
Tamil word Kai-pidi' which Maharashtra. India also showcased kabaddi
therefore,
In every round of kabaddi, a person
from o n e team, and 1982 Asian Games held in India and,
to the court of the game was included for the first time at
the Beijing
who is known as the raider, goes The
won the Gold medal.
the other team. His motive is to tag players of the Games, 1990, in which India
2004, then
in a single breath. w a s organised in
other team known as 'defenders' first Kabaddi World Cup
members as in 2007 and 2017. All tournaments mentioned above
The raider tags as many opposite team
In c a s e the raider are won by India.
possible and earns o n e point per tag.
India Kabaddi
The AIKF (All
Kabaddi is an Indian game Federation) is the govening body
of the sport in India. It w a s founded
the
in 1950. In 1952, it initiated
Senior National Championship. The
Federation ot
Amateur Kabaddi
India (AKFI) was founded in 1972
The Indian Olympic Association
all
(Based in New Delhi) supervises
kabaddi events
the national level
and
the International Kabaddi
Federation governs the kabaddi
It was
events internationally.
founded in 2004.
 Boundary Lines 13 10 m
Play Area 13 * 8m

LOBEY LOBEY

65m 6.5.m

3.75 m 3.75 m

LOBBY
LOBBY

Layout of kabaddi field

2 assistant scorers
KABADDI ATA GLANCE A referee, 2 umpires, 1 scorer and
in the kabaddi sport
are the different officials required
The game of kabaddi does not require any equipment. A referee supervises all the proceedings the
of match.
remain 20 m x
score of each side
The dimensions of the kabaddi ground He conducts the toss, announces the

20 m but not less than 17 m x 18 m. He also records the

before the last 5 minutes of match.
are mentioned in metres in time and warns the team before the remaining time of
Field play measurement
of match.
the table given below: 5 minutes of the second half of the
have gone out and which
Men & Women Sub Umpire decides which players
Junior & Junior Junior players are revived.
Girls Boys & card, announce the score with
Boys Scorers maintain score
Giris at the end of each haif
the instruction of the referee
card as per the details of
8 6 and fill the entries of score
1. Bonus line the referee and
the match. The score card is signed by
2. Bonus line (from Baulk
umpire
weli as the
line) scorer helps the main scorer, as
Assistant out of boundary
3. Mid line 10 8 referee regarding the players going
and reviving during the play.
4 Baulk line

3.75 3
5. Baulk line (from Mid Line) RULES OF THE KABADDI
are very simple.
team sport. Its rules
6. Lobby 1. Kabaddi is a
10 8 8 The target of the sports
is to score points by raiding
7 End line without breaking the
12 11 and defending the players
Side lines 13
breath.
Half (Each half of the 6.5 team consists of 10
or 12 players
2 Team: A kabaddi
playfeld divided by the the match and
maximum in which 7 players plays
mid line)
work a s substitutes.
remaining 5 players
10. Space surrounding the 4 halves
of kabaddi remains 2
playfeld from side lines 3. Duration: Duration
minutes break in
each with a 5
8x1 6x1 6 x1 of 20 minutes minutes each
11 Sitting block (2 m away and 2 halves of 15
from End lines) between (for men)

Kabaddi
 the baulk line or touch one ur
she should either
cruss
or
(for women his her side without
returning to
or
ot break in between
with a 5 minutes more antis betore
sub-junior girls). the play, the raider shouid
sub-junior bovs and of rules. During
junior girls, raider has to broaking
At each half of
the match. the last the tollowing points
in
his/her mind

of time keep
complete the raid e v e n atter completion
+Cant: A raid starts and ends
with the cant. it is

an opponent
out eans a single to maintain proper
cant in kabadd
Scoring: Putting raider
neressar
in the opPposition's
done in ditterent w a v s . When a raider stops the cant
point. It is When the
team, they a r e put e v e n when he o r
the players of the opposite is declarexi out,
tags court, he or she
to come
team prevents the raider So, entering in the opposite side
out. The detender she is not caught.
is given for each opponent s recitation ot the wond
to their side. 1 point ourt. cant shouli haveclear
an all out.
points for scoring of a single respiration
kabaddi' within the
course
out and 2 extra
the the raider beomes
5 extra players are kept If the single respiration breaks,
as
Substitution:
kabaddi match. When a
substitutes during a
out.
she cannot
member ot a team is suspended, he or
raider enters the opposite side
takes place for the Entry: When a
substituted. No substitution it is called entry. He starts
be
the court chanting kabaddi.
out players. It is generally pertormed during the attack and decides
his turther movements in
interval or timeouts. should not delay the time
opponent's court. He
revived in the same
within 5 seconds ot the
Revival: Players should be of his entry and start it
which they w e r e put out. When a playeer time, raid is also applied by
order in opponent's raid. Some
team becomes out, team
of the raider touch the returning
of opponent the opponents as a pursuit to
can revive one of its out plavers. should be quick ani attacking
raider. So, the entry
seconds each are
Time Out 2 time outs of 30
are taken
without breaking the rules of play.
allowed in each match of kabaddi. These Preconsideration: A raider should preronsider his
with the permission of the captain, referee or any
before starting the raid. He should
remain game of play
other official of the game. The team may
observe the ground well trom where he
can enter

on the ground for the

duration of timeouts. the opponent's court. He should also take int
Bonus Points: Bonus points are earned when there account the position of detending team players
are minimum of 6 players in the court.
When the and existing members of antis. He should apply
raider crosses the bonus line, 1 point awarded
is this technique or strategy for choosing the tanget
to him/her. When the raider is caught in opposite attack
or taking position ot game, making a quick
team side, the defending team gets 1 point. Bonus the
points cannot be revived. No bonus point is given
plan. He should also decide whether to cross

bous line or remain in system of play adopte

when he or she crosses the line after a struggle or
by the opponent. If he fails to do so, he will lose
touch his chance to raid. Therefore, preconsideration
9. Result The team that gets the maximum score at is quite important for the raider betore starting
the end of the game isdeclared the winner. Whena attack.
match ends in a tie, each team gets 5 raids without
the rule of revival. When the tie still remains even
Skills/Techniques: While attacking, an atacker
should keep in his mind maximum use ot his
after 5-5 raids, Golden Raid is applied. In case the
tie still persists, the winner is decared by the toss limbs in tagging the opponents to earn points. It
of a coin
should be performed by applying ditterent ski
or
techniques of kabaddi sport, like, hand touc
BASIC SKILLS OF KABADDI toe touch, foot touch, kicking, squat leg thrust
The basic skills of kabaddi can be divided into raiding etc. A detailed discussion of these techniaques
skills and defence skills. These are described below. mentioned below.
Hand Touch: This technique of kabaddi li
Raiding Skils
easy to perform. It is the basic raidin8 s
earn more points during a raid so it plays
A raider can that should be first used by the raider. It is

in the game of kabaddi. A raider

an important role an
attacking skill when a raider tries to t
halt court with cant. He
should the enter opponent's thedetender. Hand touch is divided inte
Manual-XII
Education Practical
Physical
 hand touch, running hand
types, i.e., turning
hand touch, stopping hand
touch, hoPping
touch, feint and touch.
Foot Touch: Foot touch is another
basic skill
to touch the
of raiding. In this, the raider tries
his foot. If he becomes
defending players by
successful in doing so, the players he touches SPL
with his feet, get out of the game and he earns
the points for his team. In foot touch, the raider
should use his complete foot for the touch.

During the use of this skill, the raider should

drag his thrusting leg towards the antis, that
is known as 'slip' in kabaddi. With the help of
this slip, the raider covers maximum area in
the opposite side court.
Toe Touch: This technique should be used by
the raider when he is at a slight distance from
Kicking
defending players and create a surprise attack,
on the second man or cover. It is a defensive
technique that is used when the antis field
on
the baulk line. It is an effective skill to be used

the antis. It should be used as an attacking when only a few defence player remain in the
skill by the raider to surprise the defenders. opponent's court.

To make the skill more useful, it should be +Footwork: Footwork of the raider is very

important during the game of kabaddi. It depends

used in its different forms, like running toe

touch, feinting toe touch, dragging back and of the raider, his
upon the position of the body
toe touch, double attack in toe touch, and so
stance, speed with which he moves, agility
and
the
on.
style of movement. He executes speed during
Sudden Leg Thrust: It is a technique of leg raid and keeps in his mind tagging the players of
of
touch in kabaddi in which toe touch and foot the opponent team. A change in the direction
this raid also helps the raider effectively. There
touch are combined. Raiders can use
are

to surprise the antis. It can be used basically four of footwork, ie., leading the
types
technique
by sliding the attacking leg from sidewards to raid, natural raid, reverse step raid and shuffling
executing a is also
reverse or forward to sidewards raid. A change in the direction of footwork
second attack. It is a very effective technique adopted by the raider to take the antis by surprise
in the bonus line game known
An attacking style of raider is
as
+Tactics:
It is technique of playing raider, while there
Squat Leg Thrust: a
tactics. In kabaddi, there is one

kabaddi that is used by the raider in a position remain around him.

are so many defenders that
towards the different tvpes of
of by thrusting
squat
hisleg So, a raider should be skilled in
defenders. It can be applied by the raiderto tactics to tag the opponent and return home sately.
after the faint. It understand
push the defending players Therefore, it is very important to

to make a space
between the raider should judge
is performed attacking styles carefully. A
defending players. This skill can be beneficial his defenders very well. He
should also have the
can make
for short and slim raiders as they idea about the strong detense
moves of the players
to
their position of squat easily and can escape court. He should
present in the opponent's
their own court easily. This technique requires or decrease the speed
of the raid as per
increase
effective reaction ability and good agility. the demand of play.
A good reading of situation
in kabaddi. It of kabaddi. It depends solely
Kicking: It is an attacking skill matters in the game
team and when
Is applied in difficult situations to get positive raider when to lead his
upon the
that
Tesult. There are various types of kicks to handle the aggression
of opponents.
like back kick, side raid is started, until and unless
the
can be used in the sport, used to
Retreat: When a
raid is
kick, roll or curve kick. These kicks are his o w n court safely, the
raider returns to
maintain distance from the antis, to
confuse the
Kabaddi
 Hold: This technique requiresa
retreat in
+Waist or Trunk wherein defenders
successful. It is called the to be executed,
not considered court,
lot of strength
to the opponent's his waist or depending on
trunk
kabaddi. So, before going
in mind. No grip the raider by
preplan his retreat
raider should the position of the raider. The defending players
a
antis. As him up in the air to
should be given by
the raider to his his waist and lift
space hold him by
after raiding, the chances of his
returns to his court safely and prevent
s o o n as he disturb his balance
team's defense
he should position himself in his
There should be proper team coordination
escape. Waist hold
hold of the raider.
mechanism.
during the waist raider shows his
situation when the
is used in a
Defence Skills back to the corner
raider m o v e s
defence skills is to prevent the back, when the from c o r n e r
The main target of the raider m o v e s fiercely
him zone, when
raider from aggression. Defenders try to stop when he tries to
show himself
court safely. to corner, and
o w n side of
from returning safe to his the play. The process
basic defence skills as more aggressive during
To do this, they use
the best keen observation and
skills are of waist hold includes the
defence
of their team. These movement, as well as
per the strategy anticipation of the
raider's
described below: the
attack. After the waist hold technique,
using
tries to the
+Ankle Hold: As soon raider
as the involves to lift up the raider in
zone, the
complete action back
the bonus line in the oPponent's o r rolling or falling
air, change his direction,
cross
and hold his
defending player tries to prevent to prevent the attack
of raider.
and foot touch.
ankle when he applies leg thrusts hold is a defence skills. It
is
At this time, the defenders pull
the raider towards Thigh Hold: Thigh the attack
themselves to destabilise him or
break off the applied by the defending players during
court. It works
bend down and to catch the ankle
try of the raider in the opponent's
cant. They his thigh is held
of the raider. This is known like a surprise for the raider as
of the stationary leg
It is an individual defense suddenly by the players. He becomes
defending
as the ankle hold.
destabilised and unable to move when thigh
skill that can be used by any of the defending
even the
in the opponent's hold is used at him. By this technique
players asper his position
be controlled easily.
court. Defence players can also u s e this skill too strongest of the raiders can
When the is firm, raider cannot escape over
take the benefit of baluk line for starting a hold. grip a

defence
This skill includes a firm hold on the
raider's by creating a gap among the chain of
thigh hold on a
ankle, observation, body posture, bend towards players. The suitability of using a

defensive raider depends on the situation and time, such as,

the raider, and follow through
when the raider runs blindly towards the corner
actions. When the raider tries to touch the
toe
becomes difficult area, when he uses the leading leg raid, and so
or tag any defence player, it
on. Correct focus, tight grip, right approach and
for him to cross the sidelines and escape to
also applied in the
the homecourt. Lifting up, pulling back, changing appropriate timely actions are

the directions of the raider are also employed by case of thigh holds.
the opponent's team to apply the ankle hold. +Wrist Hold: It is a unique defence skill. It is used
Knee Hold: To apply the knee hold, the defender only in those situations when the raider tries to tag

puts the left hand under the right knee of the

raider and holds the ankle of the same leg with his Waist or trunk hold

left hand. At this moment, the defender changes

his direction continuously. He pulls the attacker
towards him to initiate the knee hold. He tries
to destabilise the raider and break off the cant.
When knee hold is applied, it should be supported
by other defence players immediately for its
success. The antis can also apply this technique in

supporting positions.

Physical Education Practicai Manual-XII

 is applied in those situations
both his arms. The raiders Blocking: Blocking
the players by using when the raider attacks into
the deep corner,
hands are extended and he puts his focus and when he attacks
when he is completely covered,
in one direction slowly. The footwork does reveTse turn
moves
on the centre zone
or when he takes
work well during this technique as the raider's
not
to attack. On the spot blocking,
running block
arms remain
extended to apply a quick touch. of biocking it
chance to grip the wrist of and following block a r e the types
When the antis get any raider to prevent his
hold it. Wrist hold is applied after catching the
the raider at this moment, they to home court. It is also applied
raider at position when he escape and return
is applied on the
one
cover and c o r n e r
defence
as a combination of
attacks in the deep corner to apply hand touch,
or

when he comes back to initial position to restart the technique by the antis.
attack.

TERMINOLOGY into the opposite side

Pursuit: When a defender runs
All Out: All out is said when the entire opponent team
he
becomes out of play and none of the defending court with cant, without breaking the rules, and
players remains alive or revives. Two extra points chases the returning raider with an intention to try

are awarded to the revived team in addition to the to touch him/her, it is known as pursuit. Pursuit is
points earned in the raid. not permitted when the defenders try to hold the

Antis: Players of the defending team. raider.

Baluk Line: Each of the lines in the court parallel to
midline is known as baluk line.
Cant: The clear recitation of word 'kabaddi' without a
single break of breath.
Catch: When a raider enters in the opponent's court
the defending players of the team try to catch hold
of him to prevent his escape and return back to his
home without losing the cant. It is termed as the
'hold' or 'catch' of the raider.
Defender: Every player of the opposite team in whose
side attack is made by the raider.
Do or Die Raid: Do or die raid is attempted after 2
empty raids. It is the third raid. The raid count after
this blank restarts from 1.
Empty Raid: During the course of a raid. when an
attacker crosses the baulk line of the opponent
cOurt at least once and reaches his own side of the
cOurt without scoring or losing any point, it is called
an empty raid.
Raid: When a player of toss winning tearm enters in the
opposite court with cant, it is known as the raid
Raider: A player who enters in the opponent's court
with cant is called a raider or an attacker.
Struggle: When a defender faces the raider in a
combative position. it is called a struggle. After the
touch or tag, side lobbies become the part of the
playfield.
Super Catch: When an attacker is declared caught and
self-out, in case there are three or fewer defenders
protecting. it is terned as super catch.
Tag or Touch: When the raider tags a defender or
defenders by touching any part of his/their body, it
is called touch'. A tag is said to be when any part of
the outfit. defender's clothing or even shoes come
in slight contact of raider
To Put Out a Defender: When a raider tags a defender

9olden Raid: When the toss winning team starts a raid. or defenders by any part of his body or any part
of defender's body tags the raider's body. without
erther team earns a point, it wins. When no team
earns a point, the team that was defending has the breaking the rules of the game arnd cant, a defender
hance to raid once is declared out of the piay.
again. This is called a golden
raid To Reach Safely: When a raider reaches his own side
Fenetration: t refers to raiding deep into the opponents of court safely after touching a player or playerss
court. of the opposite team, without breaking the rules
Oductive Raid: A of the game and cant, he is said to reach his own
Scores a point
productive raid is when any team
half safely

Kabaddi
 IMPORTANT Asia Kabaddi Cup, Kabaddi World Cup. Asian Games, SAF Games, Kabaddi Asian
TOURNAMENTS Championship, Pro Kabaddi League, National Kabaddi Championships (Senior and
Junior
INTERNATIONAL Ziaur Rahman (Bangladesh), Meraj Sheykh tran), Jang Kun Lee (South Korea), Faz
PERsONALITIES Attrachali (ran), Abozar Mohajermighani (Iran)
INDIAN
SPORTS AWARDS
Arjuna Award Winners
1972 Sahanand Mahadev Shetty 2009 Pankaj Navnath Shirsat
1973 Bholanath Guin 2010 Dinesh Kumar
1978 Shakuntala Pandarinath Khatavkar 2011 Tejaswini Bai, Rakesh Kumar
1980 Shantaram Jadhav 2012 Anoop Kumar
1981 Monika Nath 2014 Mamatha Poojary
1983 Maya Kashinath 2015 Manjeet Chillar, Abhilasha Mhatre
1986 Rama Sarkar 2017 Jasvir Singh
1990 Hardeep Singh 2018 G Pranav Sai Reddy
1994 Subbiah Rajarathnam, Ashok Shinde 2019 Ajay Thakur
1995 P Ganesan 2020 Deepak Niwas Hooda
1996 Shriram Bhavsar, Neeta Moreshwar Dadwe
Dhyan Chand Award Winners
1997 Randhir Singh
2002 E Prasad Rao
1998 Ashan Kumar, Biswajit Palit
2005 Balwan Singh
1999 Balwinder Singh. Tirath Raj
2012 Sunil Dabas
2000 C Honappa Gowda
2017 Heera Nand Kataria
2001 BCRamesh
2002
2019 Rambir Singh Khokhar
Ram Meher Singh
2020 Manpreet Singh
2003 Sanjeev Kumar
2004 Sunder Singh Dronacharya Award Winners
2005 Ramesh Kumar 2007 Shamsher Singh
2006 Navneet Gautam 2020 Krishan Kumar Hooda

Summary
1 Kabaddi is a team sport. It does not require any equipment like many other games.
2. A garne of kabaddi consists of two teams of seven players each. 5 players are kept as substitutes.

3 Modern kabaddi is a form of different types of games played in India. Sanjeevarni kabaddi, Amar kabaddi.
Garminee kabaddi and Punjabi kabaddi are a few types that are popular throughout the country.
4 To score maximum nurmbers of points by defending and raiding against the opposite team is the main target
of te garne.
5 The basic skills of kabaddi can be classified into defending and attacking skills. Defending skils include ankle
hold, thigh hoid, knee hold, waist hole, wrist hold, etc., whereas attacking skills include cant, entry, hand touch,
toe touch, foot touch, kicking and so on.

Physical Education Practical Manual-XII

4 Kho-Kho
g ras erei e crrer

iae ee Ser Otmp

heic Kharur Mataras

hohe isapepuar ta game

HISTORY OF KHO-KHOo
eierzeer sruriei t e riiut isr

HO-KHO ATA GLANC

Soecicatem af Peies ar Pest= Tac zies of

SLes
 J50 n

1.50m
1.50m 1.50 m

Cerntre line24 m

Pole

2.55 m
2.55 m
2.30 m 2.30 m 2.30 m
2.30 m 2.30 m 2.30 m
2.30 m

30 cm
Entry zone

Entry zone m LOBBY

kho-kho playfield
Layout of a
attacker touches a sitting
Kho: When an
3. Giving utters the word
'kho'
central lane behind and
30 cm x 30 cm cutting chaser from called
it is
Sitting block area to turn into an active chaser,
and cross lane loudly word 'kho', it
kho. If he does not speak
Referee, 1 Scorer, giving
match 5 (2 Umpires, 1
Officials in a becomes a foul.
1 Timekeeper an active chaser pretends to give
4. Fake Kho: When called a fake
so, it is
kho without actually doing
KHO-KHO kho.
BASIC SKILLS OF THE When an attacker goes
towards
described below. Direction:
kho-kho are 5. Taking is said to have
taken
Main basic skills of save after receiving kho,
he
around to a post
run
Skills: Runners the that direction.
1. Running tapped by
from being
touched o r
When gives "kho'
a chaser
themselves Kho:
fake running, 6. Sudden difficult
skills like dodging, to the team player,
making it
chasers. They use toe immediately
bullet toe running, parallel to avoid getting
tagged.
Z1g-zag running, avoid trapping, for the runner
a runner
o r tagging
n e a r the post,
act of touching
running, positioning side dodge, 7. Tapping: The the a r m fully is
back dodge, or extending
rOund the post dodge,
byleaning the body
and so on. are
called tapping between the chaser
in the squares
To up the gap
Players sitting
cover
Skills: 8. Diving: it is called
late kho, the runner
2Chasing skills include in order to tap
Chasing and runner

called chasers. pivot

dive, pole turning the diving
fake kho, dive touch, pole etc.
of speed,
sudden change
apping, trapping,
DMng

Kho-kho
Runner
 be of 9 minutes each in
active chaser forces the defending should eaci
ch
9. Trapping: When an
the inning.
runners to a desired position on
runner or
A kho should be uttered loudly from behind
field to touch him or them, it is 5.
playing tag or
sitting chaser. He is not allowed to get up without
called trapping. getting a kho.
RULES OF THE KHO-KHO 6.
After getting the kho, the chaser should move in
A team of kho-kho consists of 12 players, out of the direction of his shoulder.
1.
which 9 players play on the field. The chaser should not cross the left/right between
7
facing the
2 Eight players occupy the squares the poles.
sidelines in such a way that their faces remain The runner can change his direction from the free
8.
alternate and one player runs as a chaser. zone ahead after touching an opposite player.
3. A toss of coin decides which team will chase and 9. There should be a return kho after every foul.
which team will defend. The team that wins the
10. Three unners should occupy the playfield in
toss has the first right to choose.
a game and they can run anywhere within the
4. There are two innings. The turns for chasing and
playfield.

TERMINOLOGY
Central Lane: It is a 30 cm broad rectangle area along Late Kho: When giving kho is delayed, it is called a late
the length of the court which divides it into two kho.
equal halves. Line Cut: When a chaser crosses the square line it is
Cross Lanes: Each rectangle 16 m long and 30 cm broad known as line cut.
that intersects the central land at right angles in the Lobby: It is an outer free area surrounding the playfield.
middle of the playing field.
Minus Kho: When a player violates the direction of play
Chasers: Players sitting in the squares. and cannot out a running player without giving
Diving: The tactic of stretching and falling to cover up back kho to two teammates or touch a pole.
the gap between the chaser and runner in order to Pole: A wooden structure fixed firmly on both sides of
tap runner the playing field.
End Lines: Lines parallel to each other and defining the Posts:Two wooden posts remain fixed on the post lines
width of the kho-kho field. and should be 120 cm above the
ground.
Fake Kho: An attacking chaser who pretends to Runners: Players of the side other than the chasers are
give
"kho' without actually doing so. known as runners.
Free Zone: The area 1.50 mx 16m (beyond pole line) Tapping: The act of tagging a runner.
on both sides.
Trapping: A technique used by an active chaser in
Kho: A word that is Ioudly uttered during the which he brings two or three runners to one side
game of
kho-kho to relay the chasing action of game. or towards the
post.
IMPORTANT Shivaji Cup, Federation Cup, National Kho-Kho
TOURNAMENTS Championship, Nehru Gold Cup Championship, Inter-University
INDIAN
SPORTS AWARDS-
Arjuna Award Winners
1970 Sudhir B Parab
1971 1983 Ms. Veena
Ms. Achala Suberao Devere Narayan Parab
1973 Ms. B H Parikh 1984 S Prakash
1974 Ms. Usha Vasant 1985
Nagarkar and RJ Inamdar Ms. S B Kulkarni
1976 SR Dharwardkar
1998 Ms. Shobha Narayan
1981 Ms. Sushma Solkar and H M
Takalkar 2020 Kale Sarika Sudhakar

Physical Education Practical Manual-XII

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