PASSI CITY COLLEGE

City of Passi, Iloilo

SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE

(CDI O4) Specialized Crime Investigation 2 with Simulation on Interrogation and

Interview

Module 6:
Scientific Examination of Real Evidence

Module Overview
Module 6 deals about the examination of real evidence, preliminary
investigation, Homicide Investigation and Categories of modes of death. Real or autoptic kind of
pieces of evidence at the crime scene and collecting such kind of evidence, the process of
investigation, learning how to investigate homicide case and learning the categories of modes
of death are the different lessons that you will going to learn in this module followed by
different exercises after the content of the aforesaid.
Learning outcomes should have:
 Learned about the examination of real evidence
 Learned about preliminary investigation
 Learned about the homicide investigation
 Learned about the categories of modes of death
Module Content
1. The examination of real evidence
2. Preliminary investigation
3. Homicide investigation
4. Categories of modes of death

Specialized Crime Investigation 2 w/ Simulation on Interrogation & Interview pg. 1

Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
 Discussion

SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATION OF REAL EVIDENCE

Processing & securing the crime scene –processing the crime includes the
application of diligent and careful methods by an investigator/police to
recignized,identify, preserve and collect facts and items of evindentiary value that may
assist in reconstruction that which actually occurred.
Protecting the crime scene and the evidence-successful crime scene processing
depends upon the policeman or investigator skill in reorganizing and collecting facts and
items of value as evidence,and upon his ability to protect,preserve and later,to present
these in logical manner.
Laboratory examination of objects and substance located usually at the crime
scene.Object and substance needing examination in some cases are
carried ,intenionally or unintentionally by the suspects from the crime scene.

IMPORTANCE OF INVESTIGATOR NOTEBOOK

Considering the mass of details and number of cases which in some instances an
investigator is handling. It is very possible that he might forgot some details.

Specialized Crime Investigation 2 w/ Simulation on Interrogation & Interview pg. 2

Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
P - proceed to the scene promptly and safely
R - render assistance to the victim, if any
E - effect the arrest of the offender
L -locate and identify the witness
I -interview the complinant and witnesses
M-maintain the crime scene and protect the evidence
I -interrogate the suspect/offender
N -note all condition, events and remarks
A -arrange for the collection of evidence
R -report the incident fully accurate
Y -yeild the responsibility

PHILOSOPHY OF THE INTERVIEW AND INVESTIGATION

The RIGHT officer asking the RIGHT questions in the RIGHT time in
the RIGHT place will get the RIGHT answers.

Specialized Crime Investigation 2 w/ Simulation on Interrogation & Interview pg. 3

Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
 HOMICIDE INVESTIGATION

One of the most feared crimes is the unlawful killing of another person—it
can immobilize the community hit by a series of killings. Hence, due to its impact
on the community, homicide is considered as a top priority by law enforcement
agencies, and it can consume a considerable amount of time and resources.
The solution of such offense following a completely conducted
investigation is not only a gratifying result for the investigation, and the
concerned law enforcement agencies, but for the general public as well.
Homicide is the unlawful killing of any person, which is neither parricide, murder
nor infanticide.
Corpus Delicti
1. That the person was killed.
2. That the accused killed him without any justifying circumstances.
3. That the accused had the intention to kill, which is presumed.
4. That the killing was not attended by any qualifying circumstances of murder, or
by that of parricide or infanticide.

Specialized Crime Investigation 2 w/ Simulation on Interrogation & Interview pg. 4

Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
 Categories of Modes of Death
1.Accidental Death
Many types of death are associated with this category, i.e., drowning, falling, motor
vehicle wrecks, accidental drug overdose, and so on.
Often, homicide is disguised to appear to be accidental in nature.
2.Natural Death
Death from natural causes includes heart attack, stroke, disease, and old age. In many
circumstances the deceased will have been under doctor’s care, but often people are
found and their mode of death is questionable. For example, a person might have been
forced to consume certain drugs that can cause death, but the symptoms indicated
death from “natural” causes, e.g., heart attack.
3.Suicide
Methods of committing suicide are numerous and include stabbing, shooting, drug
overdose, and carbon monoxide poisoning.
As with other modes of death, the investigator should be sure that the cause of death
was actually suicide and not homicide designed to look like suicide.
4.Homicide
The mode of death is homicide if one person has intentionally caused another person to
die. Many different situations can result in a person’s death. These include the following:
gunshot wounds from firearms; stabbed, incised, chopped, and punctured wounds;
blunt-force injuries; and extra ordinary modes of death such as poisoning and death by
asphyxia.
Investigative Activities in a Homicide Case
1. Record the crime scene through notes, photographs, and sketches.
2. Recognize, collect, and preserves all physical evidences and clue materials.
3. Identify the victim, and persons who witnessed the commission of the crime.
4. Establish the cause and the manner of death of the victim.
5. Ascertain the motive the suspects in committing the crime.
6. Seek additional information by interviewing people and by examining the records of
the victim.
7. Question the suspect, and this should be done after explaining his rights under
custodial investigation.

Specialized Crime Investigation 2 w/ Simulation on Interrogation & Interview pg. 5

Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
Motives of the Crime of Homicide
1.Financial Gain
Killers prompted by the expectation of financial gain include; the beneficiary of a will or
insurance policy or a spouse or relative; the surviving spouse in a community property
state; the merchant who stand to profit from the death of a business associates; the so
—called “lonely hearts” killer and the poisoner.
2.Sexual Gratification
The classic example of sex as a motive of homicide is lust. Wanting a new younger
mate has led to the number of a spouse, particularly in community property states
where husband and wife own equal shares in their accumulated wealth.
3.Sex-Connected Homicides
The psychological motivations for crimes of this kind are quite different. The killing of
homosexuals and of young boys and girls by older men appears to be of sexual origin.
But this is unlikely to aid in the identification of a suspect unless the slayer’s modus
operandi is on record.
4.Emotional Factors
Strong emotions—anger, jealousy, revenge envy, hatred—can provoke a person to
commit homicide or premeditated murder. A typical case of homicide is the lover or
spouse caught in flagrante delicto and killed in the heat of passion. On the other hand, if
the aggrieved partner plans and carries out the killing, it is premeditated murder.
5.Self-Protection
Self-protection as a reason for homicide should be recognized as a feasibility in specific
situations. One example would be the criminal whose escape is interrupted or
hampered by the victim. Another would be a murder committed as a result of the
realization of the eventual danger that would be posed by an eyewitness should the
offenders become a suspect.
6.Removal of Inconvenience and Impediment
A blackmailer, an unwanted child, a feeble parent blocking the takeover of a family
business—each is an example if an obstacle to be removed.
Once an investigator perceives that the very existence of the deceased was a major
inconvenience or impediment to another person, the prospects of solving the homicide
are enhanced.

7.Motiveless Crime

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Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
There are two distinct kinds of homicide that appear motiveless or senseless; those
strangers killing stranger and those in which a person other than the intended victim is
killed.

Determining Motive
1.Crime Scene
In addition to physical evidence, there are other kinds of evidence from which to
surmise motive. As pointed out, the experienced homicide investigator may be able to
form a “crime picture” of the offender based on the familiarity with similar crimes.
2.People
The most productive source for determining motive is people—family, friends, business
associates, and others who had more than a passing acquaintance with the deceased.
3.Records
Records are also of help in suggesting motive. Financial gain may be indicated if a large
insurance policy was issued or a will changing beneficiaries was signed just prior to the
homicide.

End of Discussion

Activities
Specialized Crime Investigation 2 w/ Simulation on Interrogation & Interview pg. 7
Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
 Activity I. Identification
Instruction: Identify the following questions by providing the exact answer for
each number. (1 pt. for every correct answer )

1. When an investigator perceives the very existence of the deceased

was a major inconvenience or impediment to another person, what will
happen to the prospects of solving the homicide case?

2. Is there any provocation of a person to commit homicide or

premeditated murder?

3. What is known as an example of sex which is a motive of homicide?

4. It is a reason for homicide which should be recognized as a feasibility

in specific situations.

5-6. What are the two distinct kinds of homicide that appear
motiveless or senseless?

7-10. Based on the motives of the crime of homicide, give at least four
examples for the removal of inconvenience and impediment.

Exercise II. Situational

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Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
Based on the seven motives of the crime of homicide listed above your notes, kindly
give a situation for each one of it.
(4 points for each number plus 2 for a total of 30)
1.FINANCIAL GAIN
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2.SEXUAL GRATIFICATION
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. SEX CONNECTED HOMICIDE
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4.EMOTIONAL FACTORS
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. REMOVAL OF INCONVENIENCE AND IMPEDIMENT
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6.SELF PROTECTION
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
7. MOTIVELESS CRIME
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

How do you classify if a crime is homicide and not murder, based on how you
understand the aforesaid words?

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Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6
Kindly give three situations/scenario to withstand your answer. (20 points)

Answer:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__

Situation 1
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__

Situation 2
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__

Situation 3
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__

Specialized Crime Investigation 2 w/ Simulation on Interrogation & Interview pg. 10

Instructress: Christine JoynG. Eugalca Module 6