Principles of design and elements of art

DESIGN- indicate both of the process of organizing visual elements and the product of that
process.
-it is the result of our basic need meaningful order.

Principles of Design

 Unity and variety

 Balance
o Symmetrical Balance – exact matching of left and right sides
o Asymmetrical Balance – two sides are not the same
 Emphasis and subordination
 Contrast
 Repetition and rhythm
 Scale and Proportion

Seven elements of Art

- Line – visual communication

o Actual line
o Implied line and implied curved line
- Shape
- Space
- Value
- Color
- Texture
- Perpective

Impressionism

- Impressionism was an art movement that emerged in the second half of the 19 th century among
a group of Paris-based artists. The duration of the impressionist movement itself was quite
short, less than 20 years from 1872 to the mid-1880s. But it had a tremendous impact and
influence on the painting styles that followed, such as neo-impressionism, post-impressionism,
fauvism, and cubism—and even the artistic styles and movements of today.
- The name impressionism was coined from the title of a work by French painter Claude Monet,
Impression, soleil levant (in English, Impression, Sunrise).
 Impression, Sunrise Claude Monet, 1872

Oil on canvas

The term precisely captured what this group of artists sought to represent in their works: the viewer’s
momentary “impression” of an image. It was not intended to be clear or precise, but more like a fleeting
fragment of reality caught on canvas, sometimes in mid-motion, at other times awkwardly positioned—
just as it would be in real life.

Eugène Delacroix

- French painter
- Delacroix was greatly admired and emulated by the early impressionists—specifically for his use
of expressive brushstrokes, his emphasis on movement rather than on clarity of form, and most
of all his study of the optical effects of color.
- In particular, Delacroix’s painting, The Barque of Dante, contained a then revolutionary
technique that would profoundly influence the coming impressionist movement. And it involved
something as simple as droplets of water.

The Barque of Dante

Eugène Delacroix, 1822

Oil on canvas

The painting is loosely based on a fictional scene from

Dante’s Inferno, showing Dante and the poet Virgil crossing
hell’s River Styx, while tormented souls struggle to climb
aboard their boat. It is the drops of water running down the
bodies of these doomed souls (see enlarged detail below)
that are painted in a manner almost never used in
Delacroix’s time.

Color and Light

 - The painting conventions and techniques of earlier art periods were very much concerned with
line, form, and composition.
- In contrast, the impressionists painted with freely brushed colors that conveyed more of a visual
effect than a detailedmrendering of the subject.
- They used short “broken” strokes that were intentionally made visible to the viewer.
- They also often placed pure unmixed colors side by side, rather than blended smoothly or
shaded. The result was a feeling of energy and intensity, as the colors appeared to shift and
move—again, just as they do in reality.
-

“Everyday” Subjects

- Impressionists also began to break away from the creation of formally posed portraits and
grandiose depictions of mythical, literary, historical, or religious subjects.
- They ventured into capturing scenes of life around them, household objects, landscapes and
seascapes, houses, cafes, and buildings.
- They presented ordinary people seemingly caught off-guard doing everyday tasks, at work or at
leisure, or doing nothing at all. And they were not made to look beautiful or lifelike, as body
parts could be distorted and facial features merely suggested by a few strokes of the brush.

Painting Outdoors

- The location in which the impressionists painted was also different. Previously, still lifes,
portraits, and landscapes were usually painted inside a studio.
- However, the impressionists found that they could best capture the ever-changing effects of
light on color by painting outdoors in natural light.
- This gave their works a freshness and immediacy that was quite a change from the stiffer,
heavier, more planned paintings of earlier masters.

Open Composition

- Impressionist painting also moved away from the formal, structured approach to placing and
positioning their subjects. They experimented with unusual visual angles, sizes of objects that
appeared out of proportion, off-center placement, and empty spaces on the canvas.

Edouard Manet (1832-1883)

- was one of the first 19th century artists to depict modern-life subjects. He was a key figure in
the transition from realism to impressionism, with a number of his works considered as marking
the birth ofmodern art.
 Argenteuil Rue Mosnier Decked With Flags

Edouard Manet, 1874 Edouard Manet, 1878

Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

Café Concert The Bar at the Folies-Bergere

Edouard Manet, Edouard Manet, 1882

Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

CLAUDE MONET

- Claude Monet (1840-1926) was one of the founders of the impressionist movement

along with his friends Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille

- He was the most prominent of the group; and is considered the most influential figure in the

Movement.

- Monet is best known for his landscape paintings, particularly those depicting his beloved flower
gardens and water lily ponds at his home in Giverny.

La Promenade The Red Boats,

Claude Argenteuil
Monet,1875 Claude Monet,
Oil on canvas 1875 Oil on canvas

Irises in Monet’s
Bridge Over a
Garden
Pond of Water
Lilies
AUGUSTE RENOIR

- Auguste Renoir (1841-1919), along with Claude Monet, was one of the central figures of the
impressionist movement.
- His early works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light.
- By the mid-1880s, however, Renoir broke away frommthe impressionist movement to apply a
more disciplined, formal technique to portraits of actual people and figure paintings.

Dancer A Girl with a

Watering Can

Mlle Irene Luncheon of

Cahen the Boating
d’Anvers Party

Impressionism and Post Impressionism

IMPRESSIONISM

 Impressionism was an art movement that emerged in the second half of the 19th century
among a group of Paris-based artists.
 The duration of impressionist movement itself was quite short, from 1872 to the mid-1880’s.
Characteristics of Impressionism

 The impressionist painted with freely brushed colors that conveyed more of a visual effect than
a detailed rendering of the subject.
 They used short “broken” strokes that were intentionally made visible to the viewer.
 They placed pure unmixed color side by side rather than blended smoothly or shaded.
 They ventured into capturing scenes of life around them, household objects, landscapes,
seascapes, houses, cafes, and buildings.
 Impressionists best capture the ever-changing effects of light on color by painting outdoors in
natural light.

POST-IMPRESSIONISM

 After the brief and highly influential period of impressionism, an outgrowth movement known
as post-impressionism emerged.

Characteristics of Impressionism

 They use geometric approach.

 Fragmenting objects and distorting people’s faces and body parts.
 They apply unnatural colors.

ARTIST

PAUL CEZANNE (Post-Impressionist Artist (1839-1906)

 His work exemplified the transition from late 19th century impressionism to a new and radically
different world of art in the 20th century – paving the way for the next revolutionary art
movement known as expressionism.
o Hortense Fiquet in a Striped Skirt
o Still Life with Compotier
o Harlequin
o Boy in a Red Vest

VINCENT VAN GOGH (Post-Impressionist Artist (1853-1890)

 Vincent Van Gogh’s works were remarkable for their strong, heavy brush strokes, intense
emotions, and colors that appeared to almost pulsate with energy.
o Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers
o Bedroom at Arles
o Starry Night
o Wheat Field with Cypresses
MAPEH REVIEWER : ARTS

DESIGN- indicate both of the process of organizing visual elements and the product of that
process.
-it is the result of our basic need meaningful order.

SIX PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN

 UNITY AND VARIETY- refers to the appearance or condition of oneness of an artwork

 BALANCE- the condition in which acting influences are held in check by opposing forces
or what should be on the left side should appear on the right side.
TWO TYPES OF BALANCE
 SYMMETRICAL BALANCE- the near or exact matching of left and right sides of three
dimensional form or two dimensional composition.
 ASSYMETRICAL BALANCE- two sides which are not the same.
 EQUILIBRIUM- a state in which opposing forces or influences are balance.

 EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION- where the artist want our attention to an area, and
to keep us from being distracted to an areas
-position
-contrast
-color intensity
-size
 CONTRAST- the juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements.

 REPETITION AND RHYTHM- created through the regular recurtence of elements of an

elements with related variations, not an exact copy but with uncanny similarities with one
another.
- a repetition of visual elements gives a composition:
-unity
-continuity
-flow
-emphasis

 SCALE AND PROPORTION- the relation of one thing to another.

-one of the first decision of artists mix when planning a work of art
-the size relationship of parts to a whole

ELEMENTS OF ARTS- qualities or properties of Arts.

SEVEN ELEMENTS OF ARTS:

 LINE- basic mean for recording and symbolizing ideas, observations, and feelings
-a primary means of visual communication.
TYPES OF LINES
 Actual lines
 Implied line and Implied Curved Line
 Actual Straight line and Implied curved line
 Line created by an edge
 Vertical line- attitude of alert attention
 Horizontal line- attitude of rest attention
 Diagonal Line- show action
 Sharp jagged lines
 Dance of Curving Line
 Hard line and soft line
 Ragged and Irregular line

 SHAPE- refers to the expanse within the outline of a two-dimensional area or within the
outer boundaries of three-dimensional object.
 GEOMETRIC- tends to be precised
 ORGANIC- irregular/ curving / rounded
 MASS- physical bulk of a solid body material and has a 3- dimensional area.

 SPACE- refers to the feeling of depth or 3- dimensions

TWO TYPES OF SPACE
 NEGATIVE SPACE- area around a primary object
 POSITIVE SPACE- spaced occupied by the primary objects
-overlap
-overlap and deminishing size
-vertical placement
-overlap, vertical placement and deminishing size

 VALUE- refers to the lightness and darkness of surfaces, it ranges from white to various
grays to black.
-can be a property of color or an independent element color.
-relative lightness in darkness from white through grace and black.
 CHIAROSCURO- the use of radiations of light and shade in which the forms are revealed
by the subtle shifting from light to dark areas.
-developed during Renaissance period to create illusion.

 COLOR- element of lights affect us directly, by modying our thoughts, moods, action and
even our health.
-exist only in light
-though life itself seems colorless to the human eye.
 PROPERTIES OF COLOR HUES
 PRIMARY HUES- red, yellow, blue
 SECONDARY HUES- orange, green, violet
 INTERMITTED HUES- between primary and secondary.

 INTENSITY/ SATURATION- refers to the purity of a hue or color.

 PROPERTIES OF COLOR
-Hues
-Value
-Intensity/ Saturation

 TEXTURE- those we can feel by touching

 SIMULATED TEXTURE
 ACTUAL TEXTURE

 PERSPECTIVE- can refer to any means of representing 3-dimensional object and space on
a 2-dimensional surface, meaning a flat surface.
-a system designed to depict the way objects in space
 LINEAR PERSPECTIVE- vanishing point

IMPRESSIONISM- emerged from the second half of the 19th century, where artists move away
from the establishing practices and discovered new ways to paint.

CLAUDE MONET- who basically started impressionism

-best known for his landscape painting (Ex. Iries in Monet’s Garden, Bridge Over a
Pond of Water Lilies, The Red Boats, Argenteuil, La Promenade)

AUGUSTE RENOIR- his work was a snapshots of a real-life painting of actual people (Ex.
Dancer, A Girl with a Watering Can, Mlle Irene Cahen d’Anvers, Luncheon of the Boating
Party)

EDOURD MANET- his works depicted modern life subjects which is evident in his piece (Ex.
Argeteuil, Rue Mosnier Decked With Flags, Café Concert, The Bar at the Folies-Bergere)
EXPRESSIONISM- a work with more emotional force, distorted outline and unrealistic or
unnatural images.
-not actually what we see in the physical world, it depends on the artist’s imagination.

KINDS OF EXPRESSIONISM
 NEOPRIMITIVISM- combined elements from the native arts of the South Sea Islanders
and Wood Carving of African Tribes. (Ex. AMADEO MODIGLIANI- “Yellow Sweater”
(1919) )

 FAUVISM- style of lay forth which means “wild beast” in French.

-20th century of modern artist(early)
-strong colors and visual distortion (Ex. HENRI MATISSE- “Woman with Hat” 1905)

 DADAISM- a style characterized by imagination, remembered images and visual tricks and
surprises.
-often satirical and nonsensical in nature. (Ex. THEO VAN DOESBURG- “Street
Music” 1915)
-non- style

 SURREALISM/ SUPER REALISM- a style that depiets an illogical subconcious dream

world, a clear expression of departure from reality. (SALVADOR DALI- “Persistence of
Memory” 1931)

 SOCIAL REALISM- express the artist’s role in social reform, shows protest against
injustice, inequality and immorality and other occurrences of the human condition. (Ex.
BEN SHALIN- “Miner’s Wives” 1948)

 ABSTRACTIONISM- rises after the expressionism era, it is logical and rational.

-geometrical
-patterns
-lines
-angles
-textures
-swirls of colors

TWO TYPES OF ABSTRACTIONISM

 REPRESENTATIONAL ABSTRACTIONISM- depicts still recognizable objects
 PURE ABSTRACTIONISM- does not recognize a subject at all

FOUR ART STYLES OF ABSTRACTIONISM

 CUBISM- “cube”, 3-dimensional, composed of lines, planes , and angles.
(Ex. PABLO PICASSO- “Girl Before a Mirror” 1932)

 FURURISM- a style of art that is fast paced machine propelled

 NON-OBJECTIVISM- don’t make use of figure or even representation

(Ex. PIET MONDRIAN- “New York City” 1942)

 MECHANICAL STYLE

OPTICAL ART(OP ART)- art movement that gives visual experience

-form of action painting taking place in viewer’s eyes

POPULAR ART(POP ART)- made use of common places, trivial and non-sensical objects that
pop artist enjoy.
(Ex. ANDY WARNOLE- “Marilyn Monroe” 1967)

INSTALLATION ART- a contemporary artwork that makes use of sculptural object.

PERFORMANCE ART- a form of modern art in which an action of an individual or a group

constitute a work.
-time
-space
-performer’s body
Relationship between performer and audience.