Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pharmacology
Pharmacology
Pharmacology
infections mycoses
are called
• Polyene Sytemic
antifungal
• acts by binding to
ergosterol in fungal
Amphotericin
cell membranes, causing
them to become
B
permeable
a sterol specific to
fungal cell membranes,
and cause the
formation of artificial
ergosterol
pores
It has the widest antifungal spectrum of
any agent and remains the drug of
choice,
or codrug of choice, for most systemic
Amphotericin
infections caused by Aspergillus,
Blastomyces, Candida albicans,
Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, and Mucor
B
It decreases the
glomerular filtration rate
and causes renal Amphotericin
tubular acidosis with
magnesium and B
potassium wasting
• pyrimidine
antimetabolite Flucytosine
related to the (5-Fluorocytosine
anticancer drug [5-FC])
5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
The broadest-spectrum
triazole, has activity
against most species
of Candida and
Posaconazole
Aspergillus
-Used
intravenously, Echinocandins
others include
anidulafungin and Caspofungin
micafungin
Absorption is increased
by high-fat
foods, distributed to the
stratum corneum,
Griseofulvin
where it binds to keratin
should not be
used in patients
with Griseofulvin
porphyria
an essential
enzyme in
RBC
Metabolism
G6PD
• Are single-celled animals
• Cause disease in Africa,
South America,
and Asia
• Thrive in areas of poor
Protozoan
sanitation
Several of the
major protozoan
infections
are spread by
vectors
Most common protozoal
disease
• Second most fatal
infectious
disease in world
• Caused by protozoan
Malaria
Plasmodium
Transmitted by bite
of
female Anopheles
mosquito
Malaria
• prototype
medication for
treating malaria Chloroquine
for over 60 years
• broad-spectrum
• Adverse effects: as
worms die, Mebendazole
abdominal pain,
distension, and diarrhea
are a
family of DNA viruses
that cause blisterlike Herpes simplex
lesions on the skin, viruses (HSVs)
genitals, and other
mucosal surfaces
infections of the eye,
mouth,
and lips, although the
incidence
HSV
of genital infections is
increasing type 1
genital HSV
infections type 2
-multiple body •
systems in
immunosuppressed Cytomegalovirus
patients (CMV)
Shingles
(zoster) and Varicella-zoster
chickenpox virus (VZV)
(varicella)
Infectious
mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr
a form of cancer
known as Burkitt s virus (EBV)
lymphoma
Roseola in children
and hepatitis or Herpesvirus-type
encephalitis in
immunosuppressed 6-
patients
prodrug of Adefovir
adefovir Dipivoxil
suppresses HBV
replication and
improves liver
histology and
Adefovir
fibrosis
antimetabolite
inhibitors of viral primary drugs
reverse transcriptase effective
and inhibitors of viral
aspartate protease against HIV
resembles
thymidine, one of
the four
Zidovudine
nucleoside building (NRTI)
blocks of DNA
• is given PO in combination with other
antiretrovirals
• acts by inhibiting reverse transcriptase
• It has the advantage of once-daily
Efavirenz
dosing
and penetration into cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) (NNRTI)
• liver Efavirenz
enzyme
inducer (NNRTI)
abnormal mass of tissue with
excessive
and uncoordinated growth and
persists in
an extensive manner even after the
cessation of the stimuli which
NEOPLASIA
evoked the
change
a reduced form
of folic acid, is sometimes
administered
Leucovorin
with methotrexate to rescue
normal cells
or to protect against severe
(folinic
bone marrow
damage acid)
• attaches to DNA,
distorting its double
helical structure and
preventing normal
Doxorubicin
DNA and RNA synthesis
specific for the M-phase
of the cell
cycle by inhibiting
microtubule formation in
Vincristine
the mitotic spindle
• Non-Steroidal
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
• analgesic, antipyretic,
and
anti-inflammatory effects
NSAIDS
Reye s
a rare,
fatal disorder
characterized by an acute
syndrome
increase in intracranial
pressure and
massive accumulations of
lipids in the liver
a
syndrome that includes
symptoms such as
tinnitus, dizziness,
headache, and
salicylism,
sweating
s inhibit
both cyclooxygenase isoforms
Aspirin
and
thereby decrease prostaglandin
and
thromboxane synthesis
throughout the
body
have less
effect on the
prostaglandins involved in COX-2-selective
homeostatic function, inhibitors
particularly those in
the gastrointestinal tract
major difference aspirin acetylates
between the and
mechanisms of action thereby irreversibly
of aspirin and other inhibits
NSAIDs cyclooxygenase
intermediate have
doses antipyretic and
(300‒2400 analgesic
mg/d) effects
• potent
anti-inflammatory Systemic
action that can
suppress severe Glucocorticoids
cases of inflammation
is a synthetic
glucocorticoid Prednisone
• is typical of the
intranasal
glucocorticoids
used to treat seasonal
Fluticasone
allergic rhinitis