LESSON ON STATISTICS #2

DISPLAYING
GROUPED DATA PART_1
Objective 6: Displaying Grouped Data

For Grouped Data we use 3 ways to display the data:

1) Histograms

2) Frequency Polygons

3) Cumulative Frequency Curve

.
 Histogram

Histograms

Histograms are used to display continuous data and are useful in showing
the shape of a distribution. It resembles a bar graph except that there are
no ‘gaps’ between the bars. This is because the histogram represents data
in which the variables are continuous and as such, the variables can take
any value in the interval on the horizontal axis. So, where one bar ends
the other starts.

In constructing a histogram, the class boundaries are plotted against

the frequencies.

Use a scale or graph break where values do not begin at zero.

See video for example………

Histogram Video
Histogram Video
Example#1: Draw a Histogram and find the mode.

Length of Frequency
straws
(cm)
0-10 10
11-20 27
21-30 33
31-40 55
41-50 41
51-70 18
71-80 5

Use a Scale of
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: 1 𝑐𝑚 = 5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: 2 𝑐𝑚 = 5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
 Frequency Polygon
Like the histogram, the frequency polygon is useful in
displaying the shape of a distribution. If the mid-points
of the bars of a histogram are joined by straight lines a
frequency polygon is formed.

In constructing a frequency polygon, we plot the

midpoints of the class intervals against the
frequencies.

Note: close frequency polygon to at zero frequency

for class before the first class and after the last
class.
➢ Left hand-side close at (Previous Mid-point, 0)
➢ Right Hand-side close at (Next mid-point, 0)

See video for example………

Frequency Polygon Video
Frequency Polygon Video
Example#1: Draw a frequency polygon to the height hills.

Height Midpoint Frequency

of Hills (x)
(m)
0-10 5 10
11-20 15.5 7
21-30 25.5 15
31-40 35.5 22
41-50 45.5 18
51-60 55.5 9
61-70 65.5 2
71-80 75.5 9
Note: Close polygon at
Left hand side (0, 0) and
Right hand side(85.5, 0)
 Student Task#1:
Jun/99
38 pupils were asked to solve a problem and the time taken, in
minutes, by each of the pupils for the task was recorded.
The results are shown in the frequency table on the right.
Time (Mins.) Frequency
i. Calculate the mean number of minutes taken by the students to 6-10 2
solve the problem. 11-15 7
16-20 12
ii. Draw a histogram to represent the data given in the table.
21-25 15
iii. From the graph, determine the modal time it took a pupil to solve 26-30 2
the problem.
31-35 0
iv. State the reason why the histogram, rather than the bar graph is
better suited to represent the data.
Use a Scale of
𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: 2 𝑐𝑚 = 5 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
v. Calculate the probability that a pupil chosen at random took more
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠: 2 𝑐𝑚 = 2 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠
than 20 minutes to complete the problem.
Student Task#2:
Jan/96
Marks (%) Frequency
The table on the right shows the distribution of marks for
100 students on a science test. 11-20 11
21-30 6
(a)(i) state the median class 31-40 19
41-50 10
(ii) obtain an estimate for the mean mark on the test
51-60 10

(iii) calculate the probability that a student chosen at 61-70 19

random scored between 31 and 60 , both scores inclusive 71-80 16
81-90 9
(b) Using graph paper and a scale of 2 𝑐𝑚 for
10 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠 on the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and 2 𝑐𝑚 for 2 students on the
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠, draw a frequency polygon to represent the
information in the table.
 CLASSWORK DUE 6 PM TODAY

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