CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 Lesson 5.2:
MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
The Mean
The Median
The Mode
MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
are methods that can be used to determine
information regarding the average, ranking,
and category of any data distribution.

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 Example
If Elena's grades are as follows, calculate the mean,
median, and mode of all her grades in her General
Education course.

Understanding the Self 1.50

Mathematics in the Modern World 1.75
Readings in Philippine History 2.00
Art Appreciation 1.50
Purposive Communication 1.25
CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.
Lecturer II
 THE MEAN
σ𝒙
ഥ=
𝒙
𝑵
the representative or typical value
denoted by a symbol 𝑥ҧ

it is the average of a set of data; the value equal to

the sum of all the values in a data divided by the
total elements in a given data
CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.
Lecturer II
 THE MEdian
the positional or middle value
usually denoted by 𝑥෤

it is the value of the middle when all the elements in

a set of data are arranged in either ascending or
descending order

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 THE Mode

most frequently occurring value

denoted by 𝑥ො

defined as the element in a set of data that has the

most number of frequencies

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
End of Lesson 5.2

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 Lesson 5.3:
MEASURE OF DISPERSION

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
MEASURE OF DISPERSION
The Range
The Standard Deviation
The Variance

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 MEASURE OF dispersion
help to interpret the variability of data and to
know how homogenous or heterogeneous the
data is.

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 Example
If Elena's grades are as follows, calculate the range,
standard deviation, and variance of all her grades in
General Education courses.

Understanding the Self 1.50

Mathematics in the Modern World 1.75
Readings in Philippine History 2.00
Art Appreciation 1.50
Purposive Communication 1.25
CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.
Lecturer II
 THE range
𝑹=𝑴𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆−𝑴𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆
the difference between the highest and the lowest
value in a set of data.

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 THE range
The higher the value of the range, the more
spread the data are. But the principle
suggested by range is the most inaccurate of
all the measures of variation since it bases its
conclusion on the highest and lowest value
only.
CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.
Lecturer II
 THE standard deviation
σ𝒙𝟐
𝝈= − ഥ
𝒙 𝟐
𝑵
describes how scattered the data are with respect
to the mean of the given data; denoted as 𝜎

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 THE standard deviation
The higher the value for the standard
deviation, the more spread out the values are
in a sample. Conversely, the lower the value
for the standard deviation, the more tightly
packed together the values.

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
 THE variance
𝟐
σ𝒙𝟐
𝟐 ഥ 𝟐
𝝈 = − 𝒙
𝑵
almost similar to the standard deviation; they both
measure the spread of the data with respect to the
mean; equal to the square of the standard
deviation that is why it is usually denoted as 𝜎 2
CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.
Lecturer II
 THE variance
The higher the value for the variance, the
more spread out the values are in a sample.
Conversely, the lower the value for the
variance, the more tightly packed together
the values.

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II
End of Lesson 5.3

CLARISSA N. MIRANDA, LPT, M.A.Ed.

Lecturer II