Automatic Control Systems

Aileron operation of an airplane

Roll

Source: Wickepedia
Aileron operation of an airplane

Yaw
Aileron operation of an airplane

Pitch
 Orientation
Orientation of of the
the destination aircraft
Input Output

Desired
orientation of the
aircraft
 Aileron inertia,
Controller to acceleration, drag
calculate how much force created,
compensation is hydraulic valves,
Orientation of
required for the O/P cylinders etc
the destination
to achieve the I/P
Input + Output
Controller System
Desired - Orientation
orientation of the of the
aircraft aircraft

Sensor
Feedback
Suitable sensor to
measure the angular
position of the
aileron
 Automatic Control System

Open-loop Control Closed-loop Control

Input Output Input Output

Controller System Controller System

Sensor

Regulators Servomechanisms

Washing machine Air conditioning system CNC machine

Rice cooker Jug kettle Auto pilot
Stepper motor control Electrical iron Satellite control
Motor Control Refrigerator Servomotor control
 Automatic Control System

Open-loop Control Closed-loop Control

Input Output Input Output

Controller System Controller System

 Timer Sensor
 Voltage control

Regulators Servomechanisms

 Input to the system does not change over  Input to the system varies in
a short period of time a short period of time
 Idea is to maintain the output at a certain  Idea is to track the input.
level overcoming disturbances etc.
Air conditioning CNC machine
Electrical iron Satellite control
Refrigerator Missile guidance
 Input Output
+ Controller System
-
Sensor
Feedback

 Because of disturbance and parameter variations in the system,

CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL is essential.
 Because of optimization of the control system,
CONTROL SYSTEM ENGINEERING is essential

Disturbance

Desired +
Output + + Plant or Output
Controller Actuator
Process
Reference -
Input

Set Point + Sensor

+

Noise
 Changes in the outside conditions
(Temp, cloudy/sunny) AC system
Door/window opening Motor of the blower
Heat Load inside the room and/or compressor
(Lights, OHP, owen,..)
No. of people inside the room Refrigeration cycle –
compressor,
Disturbance evaporator, condenser

Desired +
Output + + Plant or Output
Controller Actuator
Temp - Process Temp in
setting in AC system the room
the panel
+ Sensor
+
1. Leak in the refrigerant Temperature sensor (RTD,
2. Compressor efficiency Thermistor, Thermocouple,
has dropped Noise Thermostat)
3. Blower not working
properly
4. Condenser covered
with dirt 1. Achieve desired temp
 Because of disturbance and parameter variations in the system, within two seconds of
CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL is essential. changing the set point
 Because of optimization of the control system, 2. Minimize energy
CONTROL SYSTEM ENGINEERING is essential consumption
1. Achieve desired temp
within two seconds of
changing the set point 1. Designed to get the
2. Minimize energy desired COOLING
consumption LOAD
Disturbance Designed to achieve some
To be designed to
meet Control other purpose/specs
Desired
specs +
Output +
Controller
+
Actuator Plant or Output
- Process

+ Sensor
+
Bought off
the shelf
Noise